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Supravac Tablet 15 - Complete Ingredient Guide

Uses and Side Effects of Each Component

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1. Vitamin A (as Acetate) - 5000 IU

• Maintains vision, especially night vision (rhodopsin synthesis)
• Supports skin and mucous membrane integrity
• Boosts immune function
• Required for growth and bone development
• Treats vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia, night blindness)

• At normal doses: generally well tolerated
• Overdose/chronic high dose (hypervitaminosis A): headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dry/peeling skin, hair loss, liver damage, increased intracranial pressure
• Pregnancy warning (as noted on the label): high doses are teratogenic - can cause birth defects. Avoid in early pregnancy unless deficiency is confirmed.

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2. Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1) - 5 mg

• Carbohydrate metabolism (co-enzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase)
• Prevents and treats beriberi (wet and dry forms)
• Treats Wernicke's encephalopathy
• Supports nerve and muscle function

• Oral form is very safe
• Rarely: mild GI upset, nausea
• Very high IV doses (not applicable here): flushing, hypotension, anaphylaxis (rare)

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3. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - 5 mg

• Energy metabolism (FAD/FMN co-enzymes)
• Antioxidant support
• Prevents angular cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis
• Migraine prophylaxis (high dose)

• Extremely safe at this dose
• Harmless bright yellow/orange discoloration of urine (very common - don't be alarmed)
• Rarely: diarrhea at very high doses

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4. Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) - 1.5 mg

• Amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism
• Treats B6 deficiency (peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis, glossitis)
• Used in isoniazid-induced neuropathy prevention
• Helps with nausea in pregnancy (under doctor's guidance)
• Supports hemoglobin synthesis

• Safe at 1.5 mg
• High chronic doses (>200 mg/day for months): peripheral sensory neuropathy, photosensitivity
• Nausea, headache at very high doses

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5. Calcium Pantothenate (Vitamin B5) - 10 mg

• Synthesis of Coenzyme A (crucial for fatty acid metabolism)
• Wound healing and skin health
• Energy metabolism
• Adrenal hormone synthesis

• Very safe
• Rarely: mild diarrhea or GI discomfort at high doses
• No significant side effects at 10 mg

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6. Zinc Sulphate - 55 mg

• Immune function and wound healing
• Protein and DNA synthesis
• Treats zinc deficiency (growth retardation, hypogonadism, poor wound healing, taste/smell loss)
• Antioxidant enzyme function (superoxide dismutase)
• Diarrhea management in children

• Nausea, vomiting, stomach upset (take with food)
• Metallic taste in mouth
• Long-term high doses: copper deficiency (zinc blocks copper absorption)
• Can reduce absorption of antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones) - take 2 hours apart

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7. Nicotinamide (Niacinamide / Vitamin B3) - 50 mg

• Energy metabolism (NAD+/NADH co-enzymes)
• DNA repair
• Skin health - treats pellagra (the 4 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)
• Anti-inflammatory (used in acne treatment)

• Nicotinamide (unlike niacin/nicotinic acid) does NOT cause flushing
• Generally very well tolerated
• High doses: liver toxicity (not at 50 mg)
• Mild nausea or headache occasionally

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8. Cholecalciferol / Vitamin D3 (Stabilized) - 400 IU

• Calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone mineralization
• Prevents rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults)
• Immune modulation
• Muscle function
• Cardiovascular and metabolic health

• At 400 IU: very safe
• Overdose (hypervitaminosis D): hypercalcemia causing nausea, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, constipation, kidney stones, calcification of soft tissues
• Symptoms of toxicity: weakness, fatigue, confusion

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9. Methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) - 500 mcg

• Active form of B12 used directly by nerve tissue
• Treats B12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord)
• Peripheral neuropathy treatment
• Homocysteine metabolism (with B6 and folate)
• DNA synthesis

• Extremely safe - water-soluble, excess excreted in urine
• Rarely: mild acne or skin rash
• Very rarely: nausea, headache
• No significant toxicity even at high doses

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10. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) - 75 mg

• Antioxidant
• Collagen synthesis (wound healing, skin, vessels, bones)
• Immune enhancement
• Iron absorption enhancement
• Prevents and treats scurvy
• Carnitine and neurotransmitter synthesis

• Generally very safe at 75 mg
• High doses (>1g/day): diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea ("osmotic diarrhea")
• Kidney stones (oxalate stones) with chronic high doses in susceptible individuals
• Can acidify urine

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11. Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E) - 25 mg

• Powerful fat-soluble antioxidant - protects cell membranes
• Immune function
• Prevents oxidative damage to red blood cells
• Skin health

• Very safe at 25 mg
• High doses (>400 IU/day): may increase bleeding risk (anti-platelet effect) - caution with warfarin
• Very high doses: nausea, diarrhea, fatigue
• Evidence that mega-doses may slightly increase all-cause mortality

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12. Biotin (Vitamin B7) - 150 mcg

• Fatty acid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism (carboxylase co-enzyme)
• Hair, skin, and nail health
• Treats biotin deficiency (rare): hair loss, dermatitis, neurological symptoms
• Supports normal embryonic development

• Extremely safe - one of the safest vitamins
• No known toxicity at any oral dose
• Important lab interference: high-dose biotin can cause falsely low or falsely high results in many immunoassays (thyroid tests, troponin, etc.) - inform your doctor before lab tests

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13. Magnesium Oxide Light - 10 mg

• Co-factor in 300+ enzyme reactions
• Muscle and nerve function
• Bone formation
• Blood pressure regulation
• Prevents hypomagnesemia (cramps, arrhythmias)

• At 10 mg: minimal
• Higher doses: diarrhea (magnesium is an osmotic laxative at high doses)
• Very high doses: nausea, muscle weakness, low blood pressure (rare at supplement doses)

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14. Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate - 5 mg

• Antioxidant enzyme (manganese-SOD)
• Bone and connective tissue formation
• Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
• Wound healing

• Safe at supplemental doses
• Chronic high exposure (occupational): manganism (Parkinson-like neurological disorder)
• Mild GI upset at high doses

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15. Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate - 2 mg

• Iron metabolism and red blood cell formation
• Antioxidant (ceruloplasmin)
• Collagen and elastin cross-linking
• Neurotransmitter synthesis
• Immune function

• At 2 mg: generally safe
• Excess copper: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver damage
• Long-term high doses: Wilson's disease-like liver injury
• Competes with zinc absorption

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16. Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate - 25 mcg

• Trace mineral co-factor for enzymes (sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase)
• Sulfur amino acid metabolism
• Very rarely, deficiency causes neurological problems

• Extremely safe at trace amounts (25 mcg)
• Very high doses (occupational): gout-like symptoms (increases uric acid), joint pain
• Essentially no side effects at this dose

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17. Chromium Picolinate - 250 mcg

• Potentiates insulin action - improves glucose metabolism
• May help with blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes
• Involved in lipid and protein metabolism

• Generally well tolerated
• Rarely: headache, mood changes, insomnia, irritability
• Picolinate form: theoretical concerns about DNA damage at very high doses (not at 250 mcg)
• May cause hypoglycemia in diabetics on medication - monitor blood sugar

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18. L-Glutamic Acid - 50 mg

• Non-essential amino acid - major excitatory neurotransmitter precursor
• Intestinal cell energy source (gut health)
• Nitrogen metabolism
• Supports immune function in the gut

• Very safe as a dietary supplement
• Excess: headache in sensitive individuals (similar to MSG sensitivity)
• Not recommended in high doses for those with seizure disorders

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19. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) - 1.5 mg

• DNA synthesis and cell division
• Prevents neural tube defects (spina bifida) - critical in early pregnancy
• Treats megaloblastic anemia
• Reduces homocysteine (cardiovascular protection)
• Works with B12 and B6

• Very safe
• May mask vitamin B12 deficiency (corrects anemia but neurological damage continues) - important clinical caution
• Rarely: nausea, bloating, bitter taste
• Very high doses: may promote progression of undetected cancers (theoretical concern)

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20. Selenious Acid (Selenium) - 70 mcg (elemental)

• Antioxidant (selenoproteins, glutathione peroxidase)
• Thyroid hormone metabolism (T4 to T3 conversion)
• Immune function
• Anti-cancer properties (theoretical)
• Male fertility (sperm motility)

• At 70 mcg: safe
• Selenosis (toxicity at high doses): garlic breath odor, hair and nail loss, nausea, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue
• The margin between safe and toxic doses is relatively narrow compared to other minerals

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Summary Table

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• Dosage: 1 tablet daily or as directed by your physician
• Pregnancy: Avoid unless a doctor confirms vitamin A deficiency is present (the label warns this explicitly)
• Storage: Below 30°C, away from light and moisture
• Drug interactions: Zinc and copper can reduce antibiotic absorption - space them 2 hours apart. Vitamin E + blood thinners = increased bleeding risk.
• This is a therapeutic multivitamin (not just a general supplement), so take only under medical guidance.