from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN, MSO_ANCHOR
from pptx.util import Inches, Pt
import copy

prs = Presentation()
prs.slide_width = Inches(13.333)
prs.slide_height = Inches(7.5)

blank = prs.slide_layouts[6]

# ─── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY      = RGBColor(0x0D, 0x3B, 0x6E)   # deep navy
TEAL      = RGBColor(0x11, 0x7A, 0x8B)   # teal accent
MINT      = RGBColor(0xE0, 0xF7, 0xFA)   # very light mint bg
WHITE     = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
YELLOW    = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xD6, 0x00)   # highlight
DARK_TEXT = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E)
LIGHT_BG  = RGBColor(0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFF)  # alice blue
ORANGE    = RGBColor(0xE8, 0x6B, 0x1A)
GREEN     = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x7A, 0x4A)
BOX_BLUE  = RGBColor(0xD6, 0xEA, 0xF8)

# ─── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def add_rect(slide, x, y, w, h, fill_color, line_color=None, line_width=None):
    from pptx.util import Pt
    shape = slide.shapes.add_shape(
        1,  # MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.RECTANGLE
        Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h)
    )
    shape.fill.solid()
    shape.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill_color
    if line_color:
        shape.line.color.rgb = line_color
        if line_width:
            shape.line.width = Pt(line_width)
    else:
        shape.line.fill.background()
    return shape

def add_textbox(slide, x, y, w, h, text, font_size=18, bold=False,
                color=DARK_TEXT, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, italic=False,
                word_wrap=True, v_anchor=None):
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = word_wrap
    if v_anchor:
        tf.vertical_anchor = v_anchor
    tf.margin_left = Inches(0.05)
    tf.margin_right = Inches(0.05)
    tf.margin_top = Inches(0.03)
    tf.margin_bottom = Inches(0.03)
    p = tf.paragraphs[0]
    p.alignment = align
    run = p.add_run()
    run.text = text
    run.font.size = Pt(font_size)
    run.font.bold = bold
    run.font.italic = italic
    run.font.color.rgb = color
    run.font.name = "Calibri"
    return tb

def add_multiline_textbox(slide, x, y, w, h, lines, font_size=14,
                          color=DARK_TEXT, bold_first=False, leading_bullet=True,
                          line_spacing=None):
    """lines = list of strings; first line optionally bold if bold_first"""
    tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(x), Inches(y), Inches(w), Inches(h))
    tf = tb.text_frame
    tf.word_wrap = True
    tf.margin_left = Inches(0.08)
    tf.margin_right = Inches(0.05)
    tf.margin_top = Inches(0.04)
    tf.margin_bottom = Inches(0.04)
    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
        if i == 0:
            p = tf.paragraphs[0]
        else:
            p = tf.add_paragraph()
        p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.LEFT
        if line_spacing:
            from pptx.util import Pt as Pt2
            p.line_spacing = Pt2(line_spacing)
        run = p.add_run()
        bullet = "• " if leading_bullet and not (bold_first and i == 0) else ""
        run.text = bullet + line
        run.font.size = Pt(font_size)
        run.font.bold = True if (bold_first and i == 0) else False
        run.font.color.rgb = color
        run.font.name = "Calibri"
    return tb

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SLIDE 1 — TITLE SLIDE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)

# Full background
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, NAVY)

# Decorative teal band top
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 0.18, TEAL)
# Decorative teal band bottom
add_rect(slide, 0, 7.32, 13.333, 0.18, TEAL)

# Yellow accent bar left
add_rect(slide, 0.45, 1.5, 0.12, 4.5, YELLOW)

# Subject tag
add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 1.4, 12, 0.5,
            "B.Sc. Nursing | 5th Semester | Educational Technology & Nursing Education",
            font_size=13, color=YELLOW, bold=False)

# Main title
add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 2.0, 12.3, 1.6,
            "Top 5 Most Repeated\nEssay Topics",
            font_size=46, bold=True, color=WHITE)

# Subtitle
add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 3.7, 12, 0.6,
            "Exam Preparation Study Guide  |  Paper Code: 53502",
            font_size=17, color=RGBColor(0xAD, 0xD8, 0xE6), italic=True)

# Topic boxes row
topics = [
    ("1", "Learning"),
    ("2", "Classroom\nComm."),
    ("3", "Philosophy of\nNsg. Education"),
    ("4", "Curriculum"),
    ("5", "ICT + SDL"),
]
colors_box = [TEAL, RGBColor(0x11,0x6D,0x5A), RGBColor(0x6A,0x0D,0x83),
              RGBColor(0xB5,0x4A,0x00), RGBColor(0x0A,0x4A,0x8A)]
for idx, (num, label) in enumerate(topics):
    bx = 0.65 + idx * 2.5
    add_rect(slide, bx, 4.6, 2.3, 1.7, colors_box[idx])
    add_textbox(slide, bx, 4.65, 2.3, 0.5, num,
                font_size=22, bold=True, color=YELLOW, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)
    add_textbox(slide, bx, 5.15, 2.3, 1.05, label,
                font_size=13, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# HELPER: section divider slide
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def make_divider(prs, number, title, subtitle, accent_color):
    sl = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, NAVY)
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 0.18, accent_color)
    add_rect(sl, 0, 7.32, 13.333, 0.18, accent_color)
    # big number watermark
    add_textbox(sl, 8.5, 0.5, 4.5, 6.5, number,
                font_size=220, bold=True,
                color=RGBColor(0x25, 0x50, 0x7A), align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)
    add_rect(sl, 0.45, 1.8, 0.14, 3.8, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.75, 1.7, 9, 0.7, f"TOPIC {number}",
                font_size=16, color=accent_color, bold=True)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.75, 2.2, 9.5, 2.0, title,
                font_size=44, bold=True, color=WHITE)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.75, 4.3, 9, 0.6, subtitle,
                font_size=16, color=RGBColor(0xAD,0xD8,0xE6), italic=True)
    return sl

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# HELPER: content slide (two-column)
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
def make_content_slide(prs, heading, left_title, left_items,
                       right_title, right_items,
                       accent_color=TEAL, bg=LIGHT_BG):
    sl = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
    # background
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, bg)
    # top bar
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 0.72, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.3, 0.1, 12.8, 0.52, heading,
                font_size=20, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    # divider line
    add_rect(sl, 0.3, 0.78, 12.73, 0.04, RGBColor(0xCC,0xDD,0xEE))

    # LEFT COLUMN
    add_rect(sl, 0.3, 0.9, 6.0, 0.42, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.35, 0.9, 5.9, 0.42, left_title,
                font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_multiline_textbox(sl, 0.3, 1.38, 6.1, 5.9, left_items,
                          font_size=13, color=DARK_TEXT, line_spacing=17)

    # RIGHT COLUMN
    add_rect(sl, 7.0, 0.9, 6.0, 0.42, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 7.05, 0.9, 5.9, 0.42, right_title,
                font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_multiline_textbox(sl, 7.0, 1.38, 6.1, 5.9, right_items,
                          font_size=13, color=DARK_TEXT, line_spacing=17)
    return sl

def make_single_content_slide(prs, heading, title, items,
                               accent_color=TEAL, bg=LIGHT_BG, font_size=13):
    sl = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, bg)
    add_rect(sl, 0, 0, 13.333, 0.72, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.3, 0.1, 12.8, 0.52, heading,
                font_size=20, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_rect(sl, 0.3, 0.78, 12.73, 0.04, RGBColor(0xCC,0xDD,0xEE))
    add_rect(sl, 0.3, 0.9, 12.6, 0.42, accent_color)
    add_textbox(sl, 0.35, 0.9, 12.5, 0.42, title,
                font_size=14, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_multiline_textbox(sl, 0.3, 1.38, 12.7, 5.9, items,
                          font_size=font_size, color=DARK_TEXT, line_spacing=18)
    return sl

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TOPIC 1 — LEARNING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
T1_COLOR = TEAL

make_divider(prs, "1", "Learning",
             "Definition • Characteristics • Steps in Learning Process", T1_COLOR)

make_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 1: Learning",
    "Definition & Key Concepts",
    [
        "Definition: Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour, knowledge, skills or attitudes occurring through experience or practice — NOT due to maturation or fatigue.",
        "",
        "Domains of Learning:",
        "Cognitive – knowledge, understanding",
        "Affective – attitudes, values",
        "Psychomotor – skills, procedures",
        "",
        "Key theorists: Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura, Bloom",
    ],
    "Characteristics of Learning",
    [
        "Relatively permanent change in behaviour",
        "Occurs through experience / practice",
        "Purposeful and goal-directed",
        "Active process — learner participates",
        "Individual and personal",
        "Cumulative — builds on prior knowledge",
        "Measurable through observable behaviour",
        "Covers all three domains",
        "Influenced by motivation & readiness",
    ],
    accent_color=T1_COLOR
)

make_single_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 1: Learning — Steps in the Learning Process",
    "9 Steps (Exam Favourite!)",
    [
        "1. Motivation — Internal or external drive to learn",
        "2. Goal Setting — Identifying what needs to be learned",
        "3. Readiness — Physical, mental & emotional preparedness of learner",
        "4. Perception — Receiving stimuli through the senses",
        "5. Attention — Focusing on relevant information",
        "6. Retention — Storing information in memory (short-term → long-term)",
        "7. Recall / Reproduction — Ability to retrieve what was learned",
        "8. Generalisation — Applying learning to new / different situations",
        "9. Evaluation / Feedback — Checking whether learning outcome was achieved",
    ],
    accent_color=T1_COLOR, font_size=14
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TOPIC 2 — CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
T2_COLOR = RGBColor(0x11,0x7A,0x65)

make_divider(prs, "2", "Classroom Communication",
             "Definition • Modes of Interaction • Barriers", T2_COLOR)

make_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 2: Classroom Communication",
    "Definition & Modes of Interaction",
    [
        "Definition: Exchange of information, ideas and feelings between teacher and students, and among students, to facilitate learning.",
        "",
        "Elements: Sender → Message → Channel → Receiver → Feedback",
        "",
        "Modes of Interaction:",
        "Teacher → Student (one-way): lecture, demonstration",
        "Student → Teacher: questions, responses",
        "Student ↔ Student: group discussion, peer teaching",
        "Non-verbal: gestures, facial expression, body language",
        "Written: blackboard, handouts, assignments",
    ],
    "Barriers to Effective Communication",
    [
        "Physical: noise, poor seating, large class size",
        "Psychological: fear, anxiety, lack of confidence, prejudice",
        "Language: complex vocabulary, jargon",
        "Cultural: different backgrounds and values",
        "Environmental: poor lighting, temperature, ventilation",
        "Teacher-related: monotonous tone, unclear speech, no eye contact",
        "Student-related: inattention, distraction, poor motivation",
        "Semantic: misinterpretation of words or symbols",
    ],
    accent_color=T2_COLOR
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TOPIC 3 — PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING EDUCATION
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
T3_COLOR = RGBColor(0x6A,0x0D,0x83)

make_divider(prs, "3", "Philosophy of Nursing Education",
             "Definition • Classification of Philosophies • Philosophy of Nursing Education", T3_COLOR)

make_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 3: Philosophy of Nursing Education",
    "Definition & Educational Philosophies",
    [
        "Philosophy: From Greek — Philos (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = Love of Wisdom",
        "It is the study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence.",
        "",
        "Branches: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, Logic",
        "",
        "Educational Philosophies:",
        "Idealism — Mind is supreme; Plato, Socrates; moral character",
        "Realism — Physical world; Aristotle; science & facts",
        "Pragmatism — Learning by doing; Dewey; problem-solving",
        "Naturalism — Follow nature; Rousseau; child-centred",
        "Existentialism — Individual freedom; Sartre; self-directed",
        "Perennialism — Great books; timeless truths",
        "Essentialism — Core skills; mastery of essentials",
    ],
    "Philosophy of Nursing Education",
    [
        "Core Beliefs:",
        "Every person has inherent dignity and worth",
        "Health is a fundamental right",
        "Nursing is a blend of art and science",
        "Learning is a lifelong process",
        "",
        "Values & Goals:",
        "Holistic, patient-centred care",
        "Evidence-based practice",
        "Integration of theory with clinical practice",
        "Ethical accountability and social responsibility",
        "Promotes critical thinking and professional development",
        "Prepares nurses to meet needs of individuals, families and community",
    ],
    accent_color=T3_COLOR
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TOPIC 4 — CURRICULUM
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
T4_COLOR = RGBColor(0xB5,0x4A,0x00)

make_divider(prs, "4", "Curriculum",
             "Definition • Types of Curriculum • Factors Influencing Curriculum Development", T4_COLOR)

make_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 4: Curriculum",
    "Definition & Types",
    [
        "Definition: A planned sequence of learning experiences designed to achieve specific educational goals in an educational programme.",
        "",
        "Types of Curriculum:",
        "Subject-centred — Organised around subjects/disciplines",
        "Learner-centred — Based on learner needs and interests",
        "Activity/Experience-centred — Learning by doing",
        "Core curriculum — Common required courses for all students",
        "Hidden curriculum — Unplanned, informal learning experiences",
        "Null curriculum — What is excluded or not taught",
        "Integrated curriculum — Combines related subjects",
    ],
    "Factors Influencing Curriculum Development",
    [
        "Societal — Community needs, cultural values, social change",
        "Philosophical — Beliefs about education and human nature",
        "Psychological — Learning theories, student developmental level",
        "Subject matter — Body of knowledge in nursing",
        "Technological — Advances in healthcare and technology",
        "Political/Legal — Government policies, INC regulations",
        "Economic — Available resources and funding",
        "Professional — Standards set by Indian Nursing Council (INC)",
        "Student needs — Entry-level competence requirements",
        "Healthcare needs — Changing disease patterns in society",
    ],
    accent_color=T4_COLOR
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TOPIC 5 — ICT + SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
T5_COLOR = RGBColor(0x0A,0x4A,0x8A)

make_divider(prs, "5", "ICT & Self-Directed Learning",
             "Information Communication Technology • SDL • Role in Nursing Education", T5_COLOR)

make_content_slide(
    prs,
    "Topic 5: ICT in Nursing Education",
    "Definition & Role of ICT",
    [
        "ICT Definition: Technologies used to handle, process and communicate information — including computers, internet, multimedia and educational software.",
        "",
        "Role of ICT in Nursing Education:",
        "E-learning — Online courses, virtual classrooms (LMS: Moodle)",
        "Simulation — Virtual patient simulators for safe skill practice",
        "Digital libraries — Access to journals, textbooks, PubMed databases",
        "Telemedicine — Learning through remote patient care technology",
        "Social media/Forums — Peer learning and discussion",
        "Multimedia — Visual and audio aids for complex topics",
        "EHR training — Electronic health record documentation skills",
        "Video conferencing — Guest lectures, webinars",
        "Online assessment — Quizzes, MCQs, instant feedback",
    ],
    "Self-Directed Learning (SDL)",
    [
        "Definition: Process in which individuals take initiative to diagnose their own learning needs, formulate goals, identify resources, choose strategies and evaluate outcomes. (Malcolm Knowles)",
        "",
        "Steps of SDL:",
        "1. Assess own learning needs",
        "2. Set personal learning goals",
        "3. Identify learning resources",
        "4. Choose and apply learning strategies",
        "5. Evaluate outcomes",
        "",
        "Features: Autonomous, self-paced, self-evaluated",
        "Teacher's role: Facilitator / Resource person",
        "Advantage: Promotes lifelong learning; ideal for adult learners",
    ],
    accent_color=T5_COLOR
)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# FINAL SLIDE — QUICK REVISION TABLE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 7.5, LIGHT_BG)
add_rect(slide, 0, 0, 13.333, 0.72, NAVY)
add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 0.1, 12.8, 0.52,
            "Quick Revision Summary — Top 5 Essay Topics",
            font_size=22, bold=True, color=WHITE, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)

rows = [
    ("1", "Learning", "Definition → Characteristics (10 pts) → Steps in Learning Process (9 steps)", T1_COLOR),
    ("2", "Classroom Communication", "Definition → Modes of Interaction → Barriers (Physical/Psychological/Language…)", T2_COLOR),
    ("3", "Philosophy of Nsg. Education", "Def of Philosophy → 7 Philosophies → Core beliefs & values of Nursing Education", T3_COLOR),
    ("4", "Curriculum", "Definition → 7 Types → 10 Factors (Societal, Philosophical, INC, Technology…)", T4_COLOR),
    ("5", "ICT + Self-Directed Learning", "ICT def + 10 roles in Nursing Education → SDL def + steps + teacher role", T5_COLOR),
]

for i, (num, topic, points, col) in enumerate(rows):
    y = 0.9 + i * 1.17
    add_rect(slide, 0.3, y, 0.55, 1.0, col)
    add_textbox(slide, 0.3, y, 0.55, 1.0, num,
                font_size=22, bold=True, color=WHITE,
                align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, v_anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE)
    add_rect(slide, 0.87, y, 3.1, 1.0, RGBColor(0xD6,0xEA,0xF8))
    add_textbox(slide, 0.92, y+0.2, 3.0, 0.6, topic,
                font_size=13, bold=True, color=NAVY)
    add_rect(slide, 4.0, y, 9.0, 1.0, WHITE)
    add_textbox(slide, 4.1, y+0.15, 8.8, 0.7, points,
                font_size=12, color=DARK_TEXT, word_wrap=True)

# Bottom note
add_textbox(slide, 0.3, 6.9, 12.7, 0.45,
            "★  All 5 topics have appeared in multiple exam papers — master each one completely for maximum marks.",
            font_size=12, bold=True, color=NAVY, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER)

# ─── Save ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
out = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-pptx/BSc_Nursing_Top5_Essay_Topics.pptx"
from io import BytesIO
buf = BytesIO()
prs.save(buf)
with open(out, "wb") as f:
    f.write(buf.getvalue())
print(f"Saved: {out}")

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
import copy

doc = Document()

# ── Page margins ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin    = Inches(0.9)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(0.9)
section.left_margin   = Inches(1.1)
section.right_margin  = Inches(1.1)

# ── Default Normal style ──────────────────────────────────────────
normal = doc.styles["Normal"]
normal.font.name = "Calibri"
normal.font.size = Pt(11)

# ── Colour constants ─────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY   = RGBColor(0x0D, 0x3B, 0x6E)
TEAL   = RGBColor(0x11, 0x7A, 0x8B)
WHITE  = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
ORANGE = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x50, 0x00)
GREEN  = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x6B, 0x3C)
PURPLE = RGBColor(0x5A, 0x10, 0x7A)
DARK   = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E)

# ── Helper: shaded paragraph (simulates highlight box) ───────────
def shade_paragraph(para, hex_fill="D6EAF8"):
    pPr = para._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    shd = OxmlElement("w:shd")
    shd.set(qn("w:val"), "clear")
    shd.set(qn("w:color"), "auto")
    shd.set(qn("w:fill"), hex_fill)
    pPr.append(shd)

def set_para_border_bottom(para, color="117A8B", size="6"):
    pPr = para._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    pBdr = OxmlElement("w:pBdr")
    bottom = OxmlElement("w:bottom")
    bottom.set(qn("w:val"), "single")
    bottom.set(qn("w:sz"), size)
    bottom.set(qn("w:space"), "1")
    bottom.set(qn("w:color"), color)
    pBdr.append(bottom)
    pPr.append(pBdr)

# ── Helper: add a topic heading ───────────────────────────────────
def add_topic_heading(doc, number, title, color_hex="0D3B6E"):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    shade_paragraph(p, color_hex)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(14)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(2)
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(0)
    run = p.add_run(f"  {number}.  {title.upper()}")
    run.font.name  = "Calibri"
    run.font.size  = Pt(13)
    run.font.bold  = True
    run.font.color.rgb = WHITE

# ── Helper: section sub-heading ───────────────────────────────────
def add_sub(doc, text, color=TEAL):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(1)
    set_para_border_bottom(p)
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.font.name  = "Calibri"
    run.font.size  = Pt(11.5)
    run.font.bold  = True
    run.font.color.rgb = color

# ── Helper: bullet point ──────────────────────────────────────────
def add_bullet(doc, text, indent=0.2, bold_prefix=None):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(style="List Bullet")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent   = Inches(indent)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after   = Pt(1)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before  = Pt(0)
    if bold_prefix:
        r1 = p.add_run(bold_prefix + " ")
        r1.font.name  = "Calibri"
        r1.font.size  = Pt(11)
        r1.font.bold  = True
        r1.font.color.rgb = DARK
        r2 = p.add_run(text)
        r2.font.name  = "Calibri"
        r2.font.size  = Pt(11)
        r2.font.color.rgb = DARK
    else:
        run = p.add_run(text)
        run.font.name  = "Calibri"
        run.font.size  = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = DARK

# ── Helper: definition box ────────────────────────────────────────
def add_definition(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    shade_paragraph(p, "EAF4FB")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(0.2)
    p.paragraph_format.right_indent = Inches(0.2)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(4)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(6)
    run = p.add_run("📌 " + text)
    run.font.name   = "Calibri"
    run.font.size   = Pt(11)
    run.font.italic = True
    run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

# ── Helper: table (two-col comparison) ───────────────────────────
def add_table(doc, headers, rows, col_widths=(2.5, 2.5)):
    table = doc.add_table(rows=1 + len(rows), cols=len(headers))
    table.style = "Table Grid"
    # header row
    for i, h in enumerate(headers):
        cell = table.rows[0].cells[i]
        cell.width = Inches(col_widths[i] if i < len(col_widths) else 2.5)
        p = cell.paragraphs[0]
        run = p.add_run(h)
        run.font.bold = True
        run.font.name = "Calibri"
        run.font.size = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = WHITE
        # shade header cell
        tc = cell._tc
        tcPr = tc.get_or_add_tcPr()
        shd = OxmlElement("w:shd")
        shd.set(qn("w:val"), "clear")
        shd.set(qn("w:color"), "auto")
        shd.set(qn("w:fill"), "117A8B")
        tcPr.append(shd)
    # data rows
    for ri, row_data in enumerate(rows):
        row = table.rows[ri + 1]
        for ci, cell_text in enumerate(row_data):
            cell = row.cells[ci]
            p = cell.paragraphs[0]
            run = p.add_run(cell_text)
            run.font.name = "Calibri"
            run.font.size = Pt(10.5)
    doc.add_paragraph()   # spacing after table

def add_numbered(doc, items, indent=0.2):
    for i, item in enumerate(items, 1):
        p = doc.add_paragraph()
        p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(indent)
        p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(1)
        p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
        run = p.add_run(f"{i}.  {item}")
        run.font.name  = "Calibri"
        run.font.size  = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = DARK

def spacer(doc, size=4):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(size)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(0)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  COVER
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
p = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p, "0D3B6E")
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(0)
run = p.add_run("  B.Sc. NURSING — 5th SEMESTER")
run.font.name  = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(11); run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xAD,0xD8,0xE6)

p2 = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p2, "0D3B6E")
p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
p2.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(4)
run2 = p2.add_run("  EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY / NURSING EDUCATION  |  Paper 53502")
run2.font.name = "Calibri"; run2.font.size = Pt(11); run2.font.bold = True
run2.font.color.rgb = WHITE

h = doc.add_heading("Short Notes Study Guide", level=1)
h.runs[0].font.color.rgb = NAVY
h.runs[0].font.size = Pt(22)
h.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(8)

p3 = doc.add_paragraph()
run3 = p3.add_run("10 Repeated Short Note Topics  |  5 marks each (5×5 = 25)  |  Solve any 5 out of 6")
run3.font.name = "Calibri"; run3.font.size = Pt(11); run3.font.italic = True
run3.font.color.rgb = TEAL

doc.add_paragraph()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 1 — Evidence-Based Education
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 1, "Evidence-Based Education & its Application in Nursing Education", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Evidence-Based Education (EBE) is the integration of the best available research evidence with teaching expertise and learner preferences to make decisions about teaching and learning strategies.")
add_sub(doc, "Key Components (PICO model)")
add_bullet(doc, "Best available research evidence")
add_bullet(doc, "Teaching expertise and experience")
add_bullet(doc, "Learner needs and preferences")
add_bullet(doc, "Educational/clinical context")
add_sub(doc, "Application in Nursing Education")
add_bullet(doc, "Using research-proven teaching methods — simulation, case studies, problem-based learning")
add_bullet(doc, "Basing curriculum decisions on outcome data and systematic reviews")
add_bullet(doc, "Using standardised assessments such as OSCE and structured checklists")
add_bullet(doc, "Incorporating evidence-based clinical guidelines into course content")
add_bullet(doc, "Teaching students to read and critically appraise research articles")
add_bullet(doc, "Updating course content regularly based on new evidence")
add_bullet(doc, "Evaluating teaching effectiveness through data collection and analysis")
add_bullet(doc, "Promoting journal clubs and research presentations among students")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 2 — Determinants of Learning
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 2, "Determinants of Learning", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Determinants of learning are the factors that influence the process and outcomes of learning in an individual.")
add_sub(doc, "A. Learner-Related Factors")
add_bullet(doc, "Motivation — intrinsic (curiosity) and extrinsic (grades, rewards)")
add_bullet(doc, "Readiness — physical, mental and emotional preparedness")
add_bullet(doc, "Prior knowledge and experience")
add_bullet(doc, "Intelligence and aptitude")
add_bullet(doc, "Attention span and concentration")
add_bullet(doc, "Health status — illness, fatigue reduce learning capacity")
add_bullet(doc, "Sensory acuity — hearing and vision affect perception")
add_sub(doc, "B. Teacher-Related Factors")
add_bullet(doc, "Teaching skill, clarity, and enthusiasm")
add_bullet(doc, "Knowledge of subject matter")
add_bullet(doc, "Ability to give timely feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Choice of appropriate teaching methods")
add_sub(doc, "C. Environmental Factors")
add_bullet(doc, "Physical environment — lighting, ventilation, seating")
add_bullet(doc, "Classroom climate — supportive vs. threatening")
add_bullet(doc, "Availability of resources and aids")
add_sub(doc, "D. Content-Related Factors")
add_bullet(doc, "Organisation and sequencing of content (simple to complex)")
add_bullet(doc, "Relevance and meaningfulness of content to learner")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 3 — Guidance vs. Counselling
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 3, "Difference Between Guidance & Counselling", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Guidance is a broad process of helping individuals make choices. Counselling is an intensive, personal process focused on resolving emotional and psychological problems.")
add_sub(doc, "Comparison Table")
add_table(doc,
    ["Aspect", "Guidance", "Counselling"],
    [
        ("Nature",       "Broader, general process",        "Specific, focused process"),
        ("Focus",        "Educational & vocational issues", "Personal/emotional problems"),
        ("Approach",     "Directive — advisor leads",       "Non-directive — client-centred"),
        ("Relationship", "Less intimate",                   "Intimate & confidential"),
        ("Professional", "Can be done by teachers",         "Done by trained counsellor"),
        ("Goal",         "Better decision-making",          "Resolve inner conflicts"),
        ("Duration",     "Ongoing process",                 "Time-limited sessions"),
        ("Method",       "Information, advice",             "Listening, reflection, empathy"),
    ],
    col_widths=(2.2, 2.5, 2.5)
)
add_sub(doc, "Ethical Principles of Counselling")
add_bullet(doc, "Confidentiality — keeping client information strictly private")
add_bullet(doc, "Non-maleficence — do no harm to the client")
add_bullet(doc, "Beneficence — actively promote the client's well-being")
add_bullet(doc, "Autonomy — respect the client's right to make their own decisions")
add_bullet(doc, "Justice — treat all clients fairly and equitably")
add_bullet(doc, "Fidelity — keep promises; be trustworthy and honest")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 4 — Bedside Clinic
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 4, "Bedside Clinic (Bedside Teaching)", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Bedside clinic is a clinical teaching method where teaching and learning occurs at the patient's bedside using real patients as learning resources in a hospital setting.")
add_sub(doc, "Features")
add_bullet(doc, "Uses real patients in an authentic clinical environment")
add_bullet(doc, "Integrates theoretical knowledge with clinical practice")
add_bullet(doc, "Small group setting: 5–8 students per session")
add_bullet(doc, "Develops clinical reasoning, observation and communication skills")
add_sub(doc, "Steps of Bedside Clinic")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Pre-briefing — preparation and objectives discussed before going to bedside",
    "Introduction — introduce students to patient; obtain informed consent",
    "History-taking — teacher demonstrates or supervises student history-taking",
    "Physical examination — demonstration of systematic examination",
    "Teaching discussion — key points taught at bedside",
    "Post-bedside debrief — away from patient; summarise, discuss, give feedback",
    "Evaluation — assess student competence; provide constructive feedback",
])
add_sub(doc, "Advantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Develops skills in a real clinical setting — most effective for clinical competence")
add_bullet(doc, "Improves communication with patients and families")
add_bullet(doc, "Motivates students through real patient encounters")
add_bullet(doc, "Promotes professional attitude, empathy and ethical behaviour")
add_sub(doc, "Limitations")
add_bullet(doc, "Patient may feel uncomfortable, anxious or violated")
add_bullet(doc, "Limited time, space and privacy")
add_bullet(doc, "May cause anxiety and embarrassment in students")
add_bullet(doc, "Unpredictable patient conditions")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 5 — Barriers to Classroom Communication
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 5, "Barriers to Classroom Communication", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Barriers to classroom communication are factors that interfere with the effective exchange of information between teacher and students, leading to misunderstanding or incomplete learning.")
add_sub(doc, "Types of Barriers")
add_bullet(doc, "Physical barriers", bold_prefix="1.")
add_bullet(doc, "Noise, poor seating arrangement, large class size, bad lighting or ventilation", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Psychological barriers", bold_prefix="2.")
add_bullet(doc, "Fear, anxiety, low self-confidence, prejudice, stress, emotional disturbance", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Language barriers", bold_prefix="3.")
add_bullet(doc, "Use of complex vocabulary, technical jargon, unfamiliar language or dialect", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Cultural barriers", bold_prefix="4.")
add_bullet(doc, "Different cultural backgrounds, values, beliefs and non-verbal cues", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Teacher-related barriers", bold_prefix="5.")
add_bullet(doc, "Monotonous tone, unclear speech, excessive speed, no eye contact, poor organisation", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Student-related barriers", bold_prefix="6.")
add_bullet(doc, "Inattention, distraction, mobile phones, poor motivation, lack of prior knowledge", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Semantic barriers", bold_prefix="7.")
add_bullet(doc, "Misinterpretation of words, symbols or non-verbal signals", indent=0.5)
add_bullet(doc, "Environmental barriers", bold_prefix="8.")
add_bullet(doc, "Extreme temperature, poor furniture, overcrowded room, inadequate AV equipment", indent=0.5)
add_sub(doc, "Strategies to Overcome Barriers")
add_bullet(doc, "Use clear, simple language appropriate to the learners' level")
add_bullet(doc, "Ensure comfortable physical environment")
add_bullet(doc, "Use multiple channels — verbal, visual, and written")
add_bullet(doc, "Encourage student participation and feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Build a supportive, non-threatening classroom atmosphere")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 6 — OSCE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 6, "OSCE — Objective Structured Clinical Examination", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "OSCE is a standardised, structured method of evaluating clinical competence using rotating stations where each student performs specific tasks assessed by examiners using checklists.")
add_sub(doc, "Features of OSCE")
add_bullet(doc, "Multiple stations — typically 8 to 20 stations")
add_bullet(doc, "Standardised patients (actors) or high-fidelity mannequins")
add_bullet(doc, "Objective assessment using pre-defined checklists")
add_bullet(doc, "Evaluates all three learning domains — cognitive, affective, psychomotor")
add_bullet(doc, "Strictly time-limited at each station (usually 5–10 minutes)")
add_sub(doc, "Types of Stations")
add_bullet(doc, "Procedure stations — IV insertion, wound dressing, catheterisation")
add_bullet(doc, "History-taking stations — communication skills, patient interaction")
add_bullet(doc, "Interpretation stations — ECG reading, lab values, X-ray analysis")
add_bullet(doc, "Rest stations — for rotation timing between active stations")
add_sub(doc, "Advantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Objective and fair — reduces examiner bias significantly")
add_bullet(doc, "Tests real clinical skills in a controlled environment")
add_bullet(doc, "High reliability and validity as an assessment tool")
add_bullet(doc, "Provides detailed, structured feedback to students")
add_bullet(doc, "Covers a wide range of competencies in one examination")
add_sub(doc, "Disadvantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Expensive and time-consuming to organise and set up")
add_bullet(doc, "Requires large number of trained examiners and standardised patients")
add_bullet(doc, "May cause high student anxiety")
add_bullet(doc, "Does not assess long-term clinical decision-making")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 7 — Role of Student in Grievance Redressal Committee
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 7, "Role of Student in Grievance Redressal Committee", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is a formal institutional body established to address and resolve complaints and grievances of students in a fair and timely manner.")
add_sub(doc, "Role of the Student Representative")
add_bullet(doc, "Represent the student body — voice concerns of fellow students at committee meetings")
add_bullet(doc, "File complaints — document and formally submit individual or collective grievances")
add_bullet(doc, "Participate in hearings — attend meetings, present evidence and provide testimony")
add_bullet(doc, "Maintain confidentiality — protect identity of complainants and witnesses")
add_bullet(doc, "Promote awareness — inform peers about GRC functions and the complaint process")
add_bullet(doc, "Follow up on cases — ensure grievances are resolved within stipulated time frames")
add_bullet(doc, "Provide feedback — report outcomes and satisfaction levels back to student community")
add_bullet(doc, "Uphold ethics — act impartially, without personal bias or peer pressure")
add_sub(doc, "Types of Grievances Addressed")
add_bullet(doc, "Academic — unfair evaluation, attendance issues, examination concerns")
add_bullet(doc, "Personal — harassment, discrimination, ragging")
add_bullet(doc, "Administrative — hostel, fees, scholarships, facilities")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 8 — Clinical Teaching
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 8, "Clinical Teaching — Definition, Principles & Methods", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Clinical teaching is a specialised form of teaching that occurs in clinical settings (wards, OPD, ICU) where students learn to provide patient care through direct hands-on experience under supervision.")
add_sub(doc, "Principles of Planning Clinical Experience")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Principle of objectives — clearly defined, measurable clinical learning objectives",
    "Principle of patient selection — select appropriate patients for learning experience",
    "Principle of supervision — qualified clinical teacher must supervise at all times",
    "Principle of student preparation — students must have theoretical preparation before clinic",
    "Principle of progression — start with simple skills; progress to complex procedures",
    "Principle of individualisation — adapt to each student's pace and learning needs",
    "Principle of integration — link clinical experience with classroom theory",
    "Principle of evaluation — regular formative and summative assessment of clinical skills",
])
add_sub(doc, "Methods of Clinical Teaching")
add_bullet(doc, "Bedside clinic — teaching at patient's bedside (most common)")
add_bullet(doc, "Clinical conference — group discussion of patient cases")
add_bullet(doc, "Nursing rounds — systematic review of patients with educational purpose")
add_bullet(doc, "Simulation — using mannequins/simulators for skill practice")
add_bullet(doc, "Case presentation — student presents a full patient case to the group")
add_bullet(doc, "Preceptorship — one-to-one mentoring by experienced nurse")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 9 — Adult Education
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 9, "Adult Education (Andragogy)", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Adult education is the practice of educating adults, based on principles of Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles, 1968) — the art and science of helping adults learn, as distinct from Pedagogy (teaching children).")
add_sub(doc, "Knowles' 6 Principles of Adult Learning (Andragogy)")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Self-concept — Adults are self-directed and take responsibility for their own learning",
    "Experience — Adults bring rich prior life experiences; these are valuable resources for learning",
    "Readiness to learn — Adults learn what they need to perform their social/professional roles",
    "Orientation — Problem-centred and life-centred, not subject-centred learning",
    "Motivation — Internal motivation (self-esteem, job satisfaction) drives adult learners",
    "Need to know — Adults want to know WHY they need to learn something before learning it",
])
add_sub(doc, "Characteristics of Adult Learners")
add_bullet(doc, "Voluntary participation — adults choose to learn")
add_bullet(doc, "Self-paced and self-directed learning preferred")
add_bullet(doc, "Practical orientation — want immediate application to real situations")
add_bullet(doc, "Critical thinkers — question and evaluate information")
add_bullet(doc, "Goal-oriented — clear purpose and personal relevance required")
add_sub(doc, "Role of Teacher in Adult Education")
add_bullet(doc, "Facilitator and resource person — not a traditional authority figure")
add_bullet(doc, "Creates a collaborative, respectful learning environment")
add_bullet(doc, "Builds on learners' prior experience")
add_bullet(doc, "Encourages self-evaluation and reflection")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 10 — Teacher–Student Relationship
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 10, "Teacher–Student Relationship", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Teacher–student relationship is the interpersonal bond between teacher and learner that significantly influences the learning environment, student motivation, academic performance and professional development.")
add_sub(doc, "Importance")
add_bullet(doc, "Creates a positive, safe and supportive learning environment")
add_bullet(doc, "Increases student motivation, engagement and academic achievement")
add_bullet(doc, "Reduces anxiety, particularly in clinical settings")
add_bullet(doc, "Facilitates open communication and feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Serves as a role model for professional nursing values")
add_sub(doc, "Characteristics of a Healthy Teacher–Student Relationship")
add_bullet(doc, "Mutual respect and trust")
add_bullet(doc, "Clear, open and honest communication")
add_bullet(doc, "Empathy — understanding student challenges and pressures")
add_bullet(doc, "Professional boundaries maintained at all times")
add_bullet(doc, "Consistency and fairness in evaluation and feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Encouragement of independent thinking and critical reasoning")
add_bullet(doc, "Shared commitment to learning goals")
add_sub(doc, "Teacher's Responsibilities")
add_bullet(doc, "Know each student's strengths, weaknesses and learning style")
add_bullet(doc, "Provide timely, constructive and specific feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Be accessible and approachable")
add_bullet(doc, "Maintain professional conduct as a role model")
add_sub(doc, "Student's Responsibilities")
add_bullet(doc, "Show respect and punctuality")
add_bullet(doc, "Participate actively in learning activities")
add_bullet(doc, "Seek guidance when needed; be open to feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Maintain academic integrity and ethical behaviour")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 11 — Essay Type Questions (Evaluation Tool)
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 11, "Essay Type Questions as a Tool of Evaluation", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Essay type questions are open-ended written questions that require students to organise and express knowledge, reasoning, and ideas in their own words in a structured answer.")
add_sub(doc, "Types of Essay Questions")
add_bullet(doc, "Extended response — no word limit; tests deep knowledge and analysis")
add_bullet(doc, "Restricted response — limited word count; tests specific content areas")
add_bullet(doc, "Situation/case-based — presents a clinical scenario; tests application")
add_sub(doc, "Advantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Tests higher-order thinking — analysis, synthesis, evaluation (Bloom's taxonomy)")
add_bullet(doc, "Encourages original and creative expression")
add_bullet(doc, "Assesses organisation of thought and communication skills")
add_bullet(doc, "Easy to construct and set")
add_bullet(doc, "Can cover complex clinical scenarios")
add_sub(doc, "Disadvantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Time-consuming to mark; scoring is subjective")
add_bullet(doc, "Susceptible to halo effect and examiner bias")
add_bullet(doc, "Limited content sampling — covers fewer topics")
add_bullet(doc, "Penalises students with poor writing skills")
add_sub(doc, "Principles of Constructing Essay Questions")
add_bullet(doc, "Questions should be clear, unambiguous and specific")
add_bullet(doc, "Include word limits or time guidance")
add_bullet(doc, "Prepare model answers and marking scheme in advance")
add_bullet(doc, "Avoid trivial or ambiguous questions")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 12 — Observation Checklist
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 12, "Observation Checklist", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "An observation checklist is a structured evaluation tool containing a list of specific behaviours, skills or criteria that an observer systematically records as present (yes/no) or absent during a performance or activity.")
add_sub(doc, "Features")
add_bullet(doc, "Systematic and structured — predefined list of observable criteria")
add_bullet(doc, "Dichotomous — each item marked as 'done / not done' or 'yes / no'")
add_bullet(doc, "Used to assess psychomotor and affective domain skills")
add_bullet(doc, "Can be used for self-assessment, peer assessment or teacher assessment")
add_sub(doc, "Uses in Nursing Education")
add_bullet(doc, "Evaluating clinical skills — wound dressing, catheterisation, injections")
add_bullet(doc, "Assessing communication skills and patient interaction")
add_bullet(doc, "Formative feedback during skills lab practice")
add_bullet(doc, "Competency-based assessment of nursing procedures")
add_sub(doc, "Advantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Objective and standardised — reduces subjectivity")
add_bullet(doc, "Easy to use; does not disrupt the activity being observed")
add_bullet(doc, "Provides immediate, specific feedback")
add_bullet(doc, "Can be used repeatedly for the same student to track progress")
add_sub(doc, "Disadvantages")
add_bullet(doc, "Does not capture quality or degree of performance — only presence/absence")
add_bullet(doc, "Observer effect — student may alter behaviour when being watched")
add_bullet(doc, "Does not measure cognitive reasoning or problem-solving process")

# ── Footer note ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.add_paragraph()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p, "EAF4FB")
run = p.add_run("  ★  All topics above have appeared in 2 or more exam papers of B.Sc. Nursing 5th Semester (Paper 53502). Prioritise topics 1–6 for maximum marks.")
run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(10.5); run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

# ── Save ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
out = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-docs/Short_Notes_Study_Guide.docx"
doc.save(out)
print(f"Saved: {out}")

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

doc = Document()

section = doc.sections[0]
section.top_margin    = Inches(0.9)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(0.9)
section.left_margin   = Inches(1.1)
section.right_margin  = Inches(1.1)

normal = doc.styles["Normal"]
normal.font.name = "Calibri"
normal.font.size = Pt(11)

NAVY   = RGBColor(0x0D, 0x3B, 0x6E)
TEAL   = RGBColor(0x11, 0x7A, 0x8B)
WHITE  = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
ORANGE = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x50, 0x00)
GREEN  = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x6B, 0x3C)
PURPLE = RGBColor(0x5A, 0x10, 0x7A)
DARK   = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E)

def shade_paragraph(para, hex_fill="D6EAF8"):
    pPr = para._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    shd = OxmlElement("w:shd")
    shd.set(qn("w:val"), "clear")
    shd.set(qn("w:color"), "auto")
    shd.set(qn("w:fill"), hex_fill)
    pPr.append(shd)

def set_para_border_bottom(para, color="117A8B", size="6"):
    pPr = para._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    pBdr = OxmlElement("w:pBdr")
    bottom = OxmlElement("w:bottom")
    bottom.set(qn("w:val"), "single")
    bottom.set(qn("w:sz"), size)
    bottom.set(qn("w:space"), "1")
    bottom.set(qn("w:color"), color)
    pBdr.append(bottom)
    pPr.append(pBdr)

def add_topic_heading(doc, number, title, color_hex="0D3B6E"):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    shade_paragraph(p, color_hex)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(14)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(2)
    run = p.add_run(f"  {number}.  {title.upper()}")
    run.font.name  = "Calibri"
    run.font.size  = Pt(13)
    run.font.bold  = True
    run.font.color.rgb = WHITE

def add_sub(doc, text, color=TEAL):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(5)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(1)
    set_para_border_bottom(p)
    run = p.add_run(text)
    run.font.name  = "Calibri"
    run.font.size  = Pt(11.5)
    run.font.bold  = True
    run.font.color.rgb = color

def add_bullet(doc, text, indent=0.2, bold_prefix=None):
    p = doc.add_paragraph(style="List Bullet")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(indent)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(1)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
    if bold_prefix:
        r1 = p.add_run(bold_prefix + "  ")
        r1.font.name = "Calibri"; r1.font.size = Pt(11)
        r1.font.bold = True; r1.font.color.rgb = DARK
        r2 = p.add_run(text)
        r2.font.name = "Calibri"; r2.font.size = Pt(11)
        r2.font.color.rgb = DARK
    else:
        run = p.add_run(text)
        run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = DARK

def add_definition(doc, text):
    p = doc.add_paragraph()
    shade_paragraph(p, "EAF4FB")
    p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(0.2)
    p.paragraph_format.right_indent = Inches(0.2)
    p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(4)
    p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(6)
    run = p.add_run("📌 " + text)
    run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(11)
    run.font.italic = True; run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

def add_numbered(doc, items, indent=0.2):
    for i, item in enumerate(items, 1):
        p = doc.add_paragraph()
        p.paragraph_format.left_indent  = Inches(indent)
        p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(1)
        p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
        run = p.add_run(f"{i}.  {item}")
        run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(11)
        run.font.color.rgb = DARK

def add_table(doc, headers, rows, col_widths=None):
    if col_widths is None:
        col_widths = [2.5] * len(headers)
    table = doc.add_table(rows=1 + len(rows), cols=len(headers))
    table.style = "Table Grid"
    for i, h in enumerate(headers):
        cell = table.rows[0].cells[i]
        cell.width = Inches(col_widths[i])
        p = cell.paragraphs[0]
        run = p.add_run(h)
        run.font.bold = True; run.font.name = "Calibri"
        run.font.size = Pt(11); run.font.color.rgb = WHITE
        tc = cell._tc
        tcPr = tc.get_or_add_tcPr()
        shd = OxmlElement("w:shd")
        shd.set(qn("w:val"), "clear")
        shd.set(qn("w:color"), "auto")
        shd.set(qn("w:fill"), "0D3B6E")
        tcPr.append(shd)
    for ri, row_data in enumerate(rows):
        for ci, cell_text in enumerate(row_data):
            cell = table.rows[ri + 1].cells[ci]
            p = cell.paragraphs[0]
            run = p.add_run(cell_text)
            run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(10.5)
            if ri % 2 == 0:
                tc = cell._tc
                tcPr = tc.get_or_add_tcPr()
                shd = OxmlElement("w:shd")
                shd.set(qn("w:val"), "clear")
                shd.set(qn("w:color"), "auto")
                shd.set(qn("w:fill"), "EBF5FB")
                tcPr.append(shd)
    doc.add_paragraph()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  COVER
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
p = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p, "0D3B6E")
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
p.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(0)
run = p.add_run("  B.Sc. NURSING — 5th SEMESTER")
run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(11); run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xAD,0xD8,0xE6)

p2 = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p2, "0D3B6E")
p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)
p2.paragraph_format.space_after  = Pt(4)
run2 = p2.add_run("  EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY / NURSING EDUCATION  |  Paper 53502")
run2.font.name = "Calibri"; run2.font.size = Pt(11); run2.font.bold = True
run2.font.color.rgb = WHITE

h = doc.add_heading("Very Short Notes Study Guide", level=1)
h.runs[0].font.color.rgb = NAVY
h.runs[0].font.size = Pt(22)
h.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(8)

p3 = doc.add_paragraph()
run3 = p3.add_run("12 Repeated Very Short Note Topics  |  2 marks each (4×2 = 8)  |  Solve any 4 out of 5")
run3.font.name = "Calibri"; run3.font.size = Pt(11); run3.font.italic = True
run3.font.color.rgb = TEAL

doc.add_paragraph()

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 1 — Active Learning Strategies
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 1, "4 Active Learning Strategies", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Active learning strategies are teaching methods that engage students in meaningful learning activities — thinking, discussing, investigating and creating — rather than passively listening.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Key Active Learning Strategies")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Problem-Based Learning (PBL) — Students work in small groups to solve real-world clinical problems; promotes critical thinking and self-directed learning",
    "Case-Based Learning — Students analyse and discuss patient case studies to apply theoretical knowledge to clinical decision-making",
    "Role Play / Simulation — Students enact clinical scenarios (patient–nurse interaction, emergencies) to develop communication and practical skills",
    "Group Discussion / Brainstorming — Students share ideas, debate and collectively arrive at solutions; promotes peer learning and higher-order thinking",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Strategies (bonus)")
add_bullet(doc, "Flipped classroom — students study theory at home; class time used for application")
add_bullet(doc, "Think-Pair-Share — individual thinking → pair discussion → class sharing")
add_bullet(doc, "Debate and seminar presentations")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 2 — Maxims of Teaching
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 2, "Four Maxims of Teaching", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Maxims of teaching are general principles or guidelines that direct the teacher in organising and presenting content effectively to promote optimal learning.")
add_sub(doc, "The Four Maxims")
add_table(doc,
    ["Maxim", "Principle", "Example in Nursing"],
    [
        ("Simple → Complex",    "Start with easy concepts, then progress to difficult ones",   "Teach normal anatomy before pathology"),
        ("Known → Unknown",     "Build on what students already know",                          "Relate fever to body temperature regulation (prior knowledge)"),
        ("Concrete → Abstract", "Use tangible examples before theoretical concepts",            "Show actual specimen before explaining histology"),
        ("Particular → General","Teach specific cases before broad generalisations",            "Teach individual drug before pharmacological class"),
    ],
    col_widths=[2.0, 3.2, 2.6]
)
add_sub(doc, "Additional Maxims")
add_bullet(doc, "Whole to Part — give overview before details")
add_bullet(doc, "Psychological to Logical — teach in learner-friendly order, not textbook order")
add_bullet(doc, "Empirical to Rational — observation first, explanation later")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 3 — Aims of Education
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 3, "Four Aims of Education", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Aims of education are the broad, long-range goals that guide the entire educational system and its programmes.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Primary Aims")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Individual / Personal Aim — to develop the full potential of each individual; physical, mental, emotional and spiritual development; self-realisation",
    "Social / Civic Aim — to prepare individuals to live and contribute as responsible citizens; develop social values, cooperation and civic sense",
    "Vocational / Economic Aim — to equip individuals with knowledge and skills for gainful employment; prepare competent professional nurses",
    "Cultural / Moral Aim — to transmit and preserve cultural heritage; develop character, ethical values and moral behaviour",
])
add_sub(doc, "In Context of Nursing Education")
add_bullet(doc, "To produce competent, compassionate and ethical nursing professionals")
add_bullet(doc, "To meet healthcare needs of individuals, families and the community")
add_bullet(doc, "To promote lifelong learning and evidence-based professional practice")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 4 — Principles of Lesson Planning
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 4, "Four Principles of Lesson Planning", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "A lesson plan is a detailed, step-by-step guide prepared by the teacher for a single teaching session that includes objectives, content, methods, aids and evaluation.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Key Principles")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Principle of Definite Objectives — Every lesson must begin with clearly stated, specific, observable and measurable learning objectives written in behavioural terms (e.g., Bloom's taxonomy action verbs)",
    "Principle of Proper Content Selection — Content must be relevant to objectives, accurate, logically organised and appropriate to the students' level and time available",
    "Principle of Activity & Student Participation — Lessons must include active student involvement through questions, discussions, demonstrations and practice — not passive listening only",
    "Principle of Evaluation — Every lesson must include provision for assessment to check whether objectives were achieved; can be formative (during lesson) or summative (end of lesson)",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Principles")
add_bullet(doc, "Flexibility — plan should allow for modifications based on student response")
add_bullet(doc, "Integration — link current lesson to previous and future lessons")
add_bullet(doc, "Variety of methods — do not rely on only one teaching method per lesson")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 5 — Qualities of a Good Counsellor
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 5, "Four Qualities of a Good Counsellor", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "A counsellor is a trained professional who helps individuals identify and resolve personal, emotional, social or academic problems through a therapeutic relationship.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Essential Qualities")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Empathy — ability to understand and share the feelings of the client; makes the client feel heard and accepted without judgement",
    "Good Communication & Active Listening Skills — asks open-ended questions, paraphrases, reflects, and maintains non-verbal rapport (eye contact, nodding)",
    "Confidentiality & Trustworthiness — maintains strict privacy; client must feel safe to share sensitive personal information",
    "Professional Knowledge & Training — qualified in counselling theories and techniques (e.g., person-centred therapy, CBT, motivational interviewing)",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Qualities")
add_bullet(doc, "Non-judgemental attitude — accepts client as they are")
add_bullet(doc, "Patience and tolerance — allows client to process at their own pace")
add_bullet(doc, "Self-awareness — understands own biases to avoid projection onto clients")
add_bullet(doc, "Cultural sensitivity — aware of diverse backgrounds and belief systems")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 6 — Characteristics of Effective Clinical Teacher
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 6, "Characteristics of Effective Clinical Teacher", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "An effective clinical teacher is one who combines clinical competence with excellent teaching skills to facilitate student learning in the clinical environment.")
add_sub(doc, "Clinical Competence")
add_bullet(doc, "Clinically up-to-date and technically skilled")
add_bullet(doc, "Demonstrates procedures correctly and safely")
add_bullet(doc, "Uses evidence-based practice")
add_sub(doc, "Teaching Skills")
add_bullet(doc, "Explains complex concepts clearly and simply")
add_bullet(doc, "Uses a variety of teaching methods (bedside clinic, simulation, case study)")
add_bullet(doc, "Adapts teaching to individual student needs and pace")
add_bullet(doc, "Provides immediate, specific and constructive feedback")
add_sub(doc, "Interpersonal & Professional Qualities")
add_bullet(doc, "Approachable, supportive, patient and enthusiastic")
add_bullet(doc, "Acts as a professional role model")
add_bullet(doc, "Promotes critical thinking and problem-solving")
add_bullet(doc, "Maintains patient safety as the highest priority")
add_bullet(doc, "Fair and objective in evaluation of students")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 7 — Roles of Faculty in Guidance & Counselling
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 7, "Four Roles of Faculty in Guidance & Counselling", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Faculty members in nursing colleges play a vital role in student guidance and counselling beyond their teaching responsibilities.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Key Roles")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Identifier — Recognise early signs of academic difficulties, personal distress, mental health concerns or professional misconduct in students through close observation",
    "Academic Counsellor — Provide guidance on course selection, academic performance improvement, study strategies, examination preparation and career planning in nursing",
    "Referral Agent — Identify cases beyond academic counselling scope and promptly refer students to professional counsellors, psychologists or medical services",
    "Follow-up & Support — Maintain student records; monitor progress after counselling; provide ongoing support and ensure resolution of concerns",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Roles")
add_bullet(doc, "Mentor and role model — guide professional development and ethical behaviour")
add_bullet(doc, "Mediator — resolve conflicts between students or between student and institution")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 8 — Classroom Teaching Aids
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 8, "Four Commonly Used Classroom Teaching Aids", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Teaching aids are supplementary materials and devices used by teachers to make the teaching-learning process more effective, interesting and concrete.")
add_sub(doc, "Classification of AV Aids")
add_table(doc,
    ["Category", "Examples"],
    [
        ("Non-projected (Visual)", "Blackboard, Charts, Posters, Models, Flash cards, Flannel board, Bulletin board"),
        ("Projected (Audio-Visual)", "LCD projector, Overhead projector (OHP), Slide projector, Films/Videos"),
        ("Audio Aids",              "Radio, Tape recorder, CD/DVD, Podcasts"),
        ("Electronic/Digital",      "Computer, Smart board, E-learning platforms, Virtual simulators"),
    ],
    col_widths=[2.5, 5.0]
)
add_sub(doc, "Four Most Commonly Used in Nursing Classrooms")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Blackboard/Whiteboard — universally available; used for diagrams, notes, and real-time explanations",
    "Charts and Diagrams — laminated visual aids showing anatomy, procedures, drug classifications",
    "Models and Specimens — three-dimensional replicas of organs, joints, skeletons for hands-on learning",
    "LCD Projector / Smart Board — displays PowerPoint, videos, and interactive content for large groups",
])
add_sub(doc, "Four Types of Non-Projected AV Aids")
add_bullet(doc, "Blackboard / Chalkboard")
add_bullet(doc, "Flannel board — fabric board for attaching cut-out illustrations")
add_bullet(doc, "Charts, posters and diagrams")
add_bullet(doc, "Models, specimens and manikins")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 9 — Purposes of AV Aids
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 9, "Four Purposes of AV Aids in Teaching–Learning", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Audio-visual (AV) aids are materials that stimulate both hearing and sight to enhance understanding and retention of information.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Core Purposes")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Make learning concrete and realistic — abstract concepts (e.g., cardiac cycle, respiratory physiology) become visible and tangible; bridges gap between theory and reality",
    "Increase student motivation and interest — multi-sensory stimulation sustains attention and makes sessions engaging, especially for complex clinical topics",
    "Enhance retention and recall — information presented visually is retained longer ('one picture is worth a thousand words'); improves memory of procedures",
    "Save time and improve teaching efficiency — diagrams and models demonstrate complex procedures more quickly and accurately than verbal description alone",
])

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 10 — Barriers of Evaluation
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 10, "Four Barriers of Evaluation", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Barriers of evaluation are factors that interfere with the accuracy, fairness and reliability of the assessment of student learning outcomes.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Key Barriers")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Subjectivity / Examiner Bias — personal opinions, favouritism, halo effect (judging based on first impression) and horn effect (one bad mark influencing all marks) lead to unfair assessment",
    "Lack of Clear Objectives — when learning objectives are vague or poorly defined, it is difficult to design questions that accurately measure achievement",
    "Inadequate Time — insufficient time during exams or for marking prevents thorough, thoughtful evaluation; rushed marking increases errors",
    "Limited Content Sampling — essay-type or short examinations cannot cover the entire syllabus; important topics may be missed, making assessment incomplete",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Barriers")
add_bullet(doc, "Student anxiety — high test anxiety impairs performance and does not reflect true ability")
add_bullet(doc, "Poorly constructed questions — ambiguous or leading questions produce unreliable results")
add_bullet(doc, "Cultural/language bias — questions may disadvantage non-native language speakers")
add_bullet(doc, "Cheating and malpractice — compromises validity of results")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 11 — Advantages of Attitude Scale
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 11, "Four Advantages of Attitude Scale", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "An attitude scale is a psychometric tool used to measure the degree of an individual's attitude toward a concept, object or situation. Common types: Likert Scale, Thurstone Scale, Semantic Differential Scale.")
add_sub(doc, "Four Key Advantages")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Measures Affective Domain — captures attitudes, values, beliefs and feelings that cannot be assessed through traditional written exams; valuable in assessing professional nursing values",
    "Easy Large-Scale Administration — can be administered simultaneously to large groups of students in a short time with minimal resources",
    "Standardised and Reliable — validated scales have established reliability and validity, ensuring consistent measurement across different settings and time points",
    "Provides Quantifiable Data — converts qualitative attitudes into numerical scores that can be statistically analysed for research and programme evaluation",
])
add_sub(doc, "Types of Attitude Scales")
add_bullet(doc, "Likert Scale — 5-point scale: Strongly Agree → Strongly Disagree (most common)")
add_bullet(doc, "Thurstone Scale — equal-appearing intervals; expert-constructed")
add_bullet(doc, "Semantic Differential Scale — bipolar adjective pairs (e.g., Good ← → Bad)")
add_bullet(doc, "Guttman Scale — cumulative, hierarchical items")

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#  TOPIC 12 — Common Ethical Standards for Students
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_topic_heading(doc, 12, "Common Ethical Standards for Students", "117A8B")
add_definition(doc, "Ethical standards for nursing students are the professional moral codes and behavioural expectations that guide conduct in academic and clinical settings.")
add_sub(doc, "Core Ethical Standards")
add_numbered(doc, [
    "Academic Integrity / Honesty — no cheating, plagiarism, falsification of data, or misrepresentation; submit only original work",
    "Respect for Patients and Peers — treat all patients with dignity regardless of age, gender, religion, caste or economic status; respect colleagues and teachers",
    "Maintaining Confidentiality — never disclose patient personal, medical or social information to unauthorised persons (INC code of ethics)",
    "Accountability — take responsibility for own actions and omissions in both academic performance and clinical care",
])
add_sub(doc, "Additional Standards")
add_bullet(doc, "Punctuality and professional appearance — follow dress code and duty hours")
add_bullet(doc, "Non-maleficence — do no harm; report errors promptly")
add_bullet(doc, "Justice and fairness — equal treatment of all patients and peers")
add_bullet(doc, "Commitment to lifelong learning — maintain competence through continued education")

# ── Footer ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.add_paragraph()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
shade_paragraph(p, "EAF4FB")
run = p.add_run("  ★  All 12 topics above have appeared in 2+ exam papers of B.Sc. Nursing 5th Semester (Paper 53502). Each answer requires 4 key points for full 2 marks. Memorise numbered lists for best results.")
run.font.name = "Calibri"; run.font.size = Pt(10.5); run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

out = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-docs/Very_Short_Notes_Study_Guide.docx"
doc.save(out)
print(f"Saved: {out}")