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National leprosy eradication programme
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National Leprosy Eradication Programme NLEP India 2024 key features MDT
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National leprosy eradication programme for mbbs 3rd part 1
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NLEP National Leprosy Eradication Programme India MDT regimen 2025 MBBS PSM exam
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https://dghs.mohfw.gov.in/nlep.php
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A clean, colorful medical study diagram titled "NLEP - National Leprosy Eradication Programme" for MBBS students. Shows a flowchart/mind map with: (1) Historical timeline: NLCP 1955 β NLEP 1983 β MDT nationwide β Elimination 2005 β Triple drug 2025; (2) MDT regimen box comparing old PB (2 drugs: Rifampicin + Dapsone, 6 months) vs MB (3 drugs: Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine, 12 months) and NEW 2025 protocol (both PB and MB get 3-drug regimen); (3) 5 Programme Components listed as colored boxes; (4) Key indicators: PR less than 1/10,000 = elimination; (5) ASHA incentives. Bright educational style with color-coded sections, arrows, and mnemonics.
π NLEP - National Leprosy Eradication Programme
MBBS 3rd Year, Part 1 | Community Medicine / PSM
π§ VISUAL OVERVIEW DIAGRAM
π SECTION 1 - HISTORICAL TIMELINE (High-Yield for MCQ!)
NLCP launched (1955) β MDT recommended by WHO (1981)
β Renamed NLEP (1983) β World Bank support (1993)
β Integrated into GHS (2002β03) β National Elimination achieved (Dec 2005)
β NIKUSTH software launched (2016) β Sparsh Campaign (2017)
β PEP (single-dose Rifampicin) introduced (2017) β ABSULS launched (July 2019)
β Triple drug for PB cases (April 1, 2025)
Mnemonic - "NLEP Milestones": NCP starts '55, renamed '83, Elimination 2005, PEP 2017
π SECTION 2 - DEFINITION OF ELIMINATION vs ERADICATION
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elimination | Prevalence Rate (PR) < 1 per 10,000 population |
| Eradication | Zero transmission worldwide |
| India's status | National elimination achieved December 2005 |
| Current PR (2024-25) | 0.57 per 10,000 population |
β οΈ Exam Trap: India has achieved elimination, NOT eradication!
π SECTION 3 - PROGRAMME COMPONENTS (5 + 1 New)
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β NLEP PROGRAMME COMPONENTS β
β β
β 1. Case Detection & Management (MDT) β
β 2. Disability Prevention & Medical Rehab (DPMR) β
β 3. IEC + Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) β
β 4. Human Resources & Capacity Building β
β 5. Programme Management & Monitoring β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Mnemonic - "CDIPH": Case detection, DPMR, IEC/BCC, Programme management, Human resources
π SECTION 4 - MDT REGIMEN (π₯ MOST HIGH-YIELD TOPIC)
OLD Regimen (Pre-April 2025) - Still asked in exams!
| PB Leprosy | MB Leprosy | |
|---|---|---|
| Classification | β€5 skin lesions, β€1 nerve | >5 skin lesions, >1 nerve |
| Drugs | 2 drugs | 3 drugs |
| Rifampicin | 600 mg monthly (supervised) | 600 mg monthly (supervised) |
| Dapsone | 100 mg daily (self-administered) | 100 mg daily (self-administered) |
| Clofazimine | β NOT given | 300 mg monthly + 50 mg daily |
| Duration | 6 months | 12 months |
π NEW Regimen (From April 1, 2025) - EXAM UPDATE!
Both PB and MB now receive the SAME 3-drug MDT regimen (Uniform MDT)
- Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine for ALL patients
- Aligns with WHO recommendation
- Goal: Eliminate leprosy transmission by 2027
- Patients already on old regimen before March 31, 2025 continue old regimen until completion
Mnemonic for MDT drugs - "RDC" = Rifampicin, Dapsone, Clofazimine
π SECTION 5 - PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT (Administration)
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Type | Centrally Sponsored Scheme |
| Ministry | Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI |
| Implementation | States/UTs under NRHM/NHM |
| MDT supply | Free of cost via WHO |
| Technical support | WHO + ILEP (International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations) |
| Software | NIKUSTH (real-time reporting, 2016) |
π SECTION 6 - KEY INDICATORS (Monitoring)
| Indicator | Formula / Definition |
|---|---|
| Prevalence Rate (PR) | Active cases per 10,000 population |
| ANCDR | Annual New Case Detection Rate per 1,00,000 population |
| Child case % | % of children (<15 yrs) among new cases (indicates active transmission) |
| Grade 2 Disability (G2D) | % with visible deformity among new cases (indicates late detection) |
| Treatment Completion Rate | % completing full MDT course |
Current National Indicators (2024-25):
- PR = 0.57/10,000 (elimination threshold = <1/10,000) β
- ANCDR = 7.00/1,00,000
- Child cases = 4.68% (down from 9.04% in 2014-15)
- G2D = 1.31 per million (down from 4.48 in 2014-15)
- Districts achieving elimination = 638/638 (100%)
π SECTION 7 - ASHA INCENTIVES (Frequently Asked!)
| ASHA Activity | Incentive |
|---|---|
| Confirmed diagnosis of case brought by ASHA | βΉ 250 |
| PB leprosy case - treatment completion | βΉ 400 |
| MB leprosy case - treatment completion | βΉ 600 |
| Early case before any visible deformity | βΉ 250 (additional) |
| New case with visible deformity | βΉ 200 |
ABSULS (ASHA Based Surveillance for Leprosy Suspects) - launched 1st July 2019
π SECTION 8 - DPMR (Disability Prevention & Medical Rehabilitation)
Three-tier referral system:
| Level | Institutions | Activities |
|---|---|---|
| Primary (1st level) | PHC, CHC, Sub-divisional Hospital, Urban Leprosy Centres | Self-care, MCR footwear, ulcer dressing, counselling |
| Secondary (2nd level) | District Hospital, District Nucleus | Leprosy reactions, complicated ulcers, RCS screening |
| Tertiary (3rd level) | CLTRI (Chingalpet), RLTRI (Aska/Gauripur/Raipur), JALMA-ICMR (Agra), ILEP hospitals | RCS training, difficult cases |
Referral System in NLEP (from Park's textbook, p. 479):
DPMR aids provided:
- Dressing materials + ulcer kits
- MCR (Micro-Cellular Rubber) footwear for insensitive feet
- Reconstructive surgery (RCS) at 83 centres (41 NGO + 42 Govt Medical Colleges)
- βΉ5,000 incentive for BPL patients undergoing RCS
π SECTION 9 - SPECIAL CAMPAIGNS & STRATEGIES
| Campaign/Strategy | Details |
|---|---|
| LCDC | Leprosy Case Detection Campaign - door-to-door surveys |
| Sparsh Leprosy Awareness Campaign | Launched 2017 - reduce stigma |
| PEP | Post-Exposure Prophylaxis with single-dose Rifampicin for contacts (2017) |
| ABSULS | ASHA-based surveillance, 2019 |
| Ayushman Bharat convergence | 2019 |
| RKSK convergence | Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakaram, 2020 |
| IEC theme | "Towards Leprosy Free India" |
π SECTION 10 - ANTI-LEPROSY ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA
| Organization | Detail |
|---|---|
| Leprosy Mission | Founded 1874 by Bailey at Chamba, HP |
| Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh | Formerly British Empire Leprosy Relief Association |
| Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation | Sevagram, Wardha |
| JALMA | Taken over by ICMR in 1975 (Agra) - key research centre |
| National Leprosy Organization | 1965 - umbrella body for all NGOs |
π― EXAM PEARLS (Must Know for Prof Exam!)
- NLCP β NLEP: 1955 β 1983
- Elimination criteria: PR < 1 per 10,000 population
- India achieved elimination: December 2005
- MDT supplied: Free of cost via WHO
- New 2025 update: Both PB and MB get 3-drug MDT (Uniform MDT from April 1, 2025)
- Main monitoring indicator: New Case Detection Rate (NOT prevalence)
- JALMA, Agra = ICMR institute for leprosy research
- CLTRI Chingalpet = Central Leprosy Training & Research Institute
- MCR footwear = Micro-cellular rubber - for insensitive feet
- ASHA for PB completion: βΉ400; MB completion: βΉ600
β‘ QUICK MNEMONICS SUMMARY
| Mnemonic | Meaning |
|---|---|
| RDC | MDT drugs: Rifampicin, Dapsone, Clofazimine |
| CDIPH | NLEP Components |
| "55-83-2005" | NLCP start - NLEP rename - National elimination |
| "1/10,000" | Elimination threshold |
| PEP = 2017 | Single-dose Rifampicin for contacts |
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine, pp. 477-480 | DGHS-MoHFW NLEP official data 2024-25
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