Women Empowerment in India — Acts, Rules & Societal Conditions

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus.flowables import HRFlowable

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/women-empowerment-pdf/Women_Empowerment_India.pdf"

# ─── Color Palette ────────────────────────────────────────────────
PURPLE      = colors.HexColor("#6A1B9A")
PURPLE_LIGHT= colors.HexColor("#F3E5F5")
TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#00695C")
TEAL_LIGHT  = colors.HexColor("#E0F2F1")
ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#E65100")
ORANGE_LIGHT= colors.HexColor("#FFF3E0")
BLUE        = colors.HexColor("#1565C0")
BLUE_LIGHT  = colors.HexColor("#E3F2FD")
PINK        = colors.HexColor("#C62828")
PINK_LIGHT  = colors.HexColor("#FFEBEE")
GREY_DARK   = colors.HexColor("#212121")
GREY_MED    = colors.HexColor("#424242")
GREY_LIGHT  = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
WHITE       = colors.white

# ─── Styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def make_style(name, parent='Normal', **kwargs):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=styles[parent], **kwargs)

cover_title  = make_style('CoverTitle', fontSize=26, textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=34, fontName='Helvetica-Bold')
cover_sub    = make_style('CoverSub',   fontSize=13, textColor=colors.HexColor("#E1BEE7"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=20)
cover_meta   = make_style('CoverMeta',  fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor("#CE93D8"), alignment=TA_CENTER)

h1 = make_style('H1', fontSize=16, textColor=WHITE,    fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leading=22, spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=4)
h2 = make_style('H2', fontSize=13, textColor=PURPLE,   fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leading=18, spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4)
h3 = make_style('H3', fontSize=11, textColor=TEAL,     fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leading=16, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=3)
h4 = make_style('H4', fontSize=10, textColor=ORANGE,   fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leading=14, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2)

body = make_style('Body', fontSize=9.5, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=14, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
body_small = make_style('BodySmall', fontSize=8.5, textColor=GREY_MED, leading=13, spaceAfter=3)
bullet = make_style('Bullet', fontSize=9.5, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=14, leftIndent=14, firstLineIndent=-10, spaceAfter=3)
bullet2 = make_style('Bullet2', fontSize=9, textColor=GREY_MED, leading=13, leftIndent=26, firstLineIndent=-10, spaceAfter=2)
note   = make_style('Note', fontSize=9, textColor=BLUE, leading=13, leftIndent=10, spaceAfter=4, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique')
toc_style = make_style('TOC', fontSize=10, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=16, leftIndent=8)

# ─── Helper Flowables ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_header(text, color=PURPLE):
    data = [[Paragraph(text, h1)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[17*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), color),
        ('ROUNDEDCORNERS', [4]),
        ('TOPPADDING',    (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ('LEFTPADDING',   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ('RIGHTPADDING',  (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ]))
    return t

def divider(color=PURPLE, thickness=1):
    return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=thickness, color=color, spaceAfter=6, spaceBefore=4)

def info_box(text, bg=BLUE_LIGHT, border=BLUE):
    p = Paragraph(text, make_style('IB', fontSize=9.5, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=14, leftIndent=6))
    t = Table([[p]], colWidths=[17*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('BACKGROUND',    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ('BOX',           (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.2, border),
        ('TOPPADDING',    (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ('LEFTPADDING',   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ('RIGHTPADDING',  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return t

def b(text): return f"<b>{text}</b>"
def i(text): return f"<i>{text}</i>"
def u(text): return f"<u>{text}</u>"
def colored(text, c): return f'<font color="{c}">{text}</font>'

# ─── Table builder ────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths=None, header_bg=PURPLE, alt_bg=PURPLE_LIGHT):
    data = [[Paragraph(b(h), make_style('TH', fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', leading=13)) for h in headers]]
    for i_r, row in enumerate(rows):
        data.append([Paragraph(str(c), make_style('TD', fontSize=8.8, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=13)) for c in row])
    if col_widths is None:
        col_widths = [17*cm / len(headers)] * len(headers)
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    style = [
        ('BACKGROUND',    (0,0), (-1,0), header_bg),
        ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, alt_bg]),
        ('GRID',          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#BDBDBD")),
        ('TOPPADDING',    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ('LEFTPADDING',   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ('RIGHTPADDING',  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ('VALIGN',        (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'),
    ]
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style))
    return t

# ─── Cover Page ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
def cover_page():
    elems = []
    # Full-page colored background block
    bg = Table([['']], colWidths=[17*cm], rowHeights=[25*cm])
    bg.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), PURPLE)]))
    elems.append(bg)
    elems.append(Spacer(1, -25*cm))  # overlap

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 3.5*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("🌸 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT", cover_title))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("IN INDIA", cover_title))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.6*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("Acts • Rules • Societal Conditions", cover_sub))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("A Community Medicine Study Reference", cover_sub))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm))

    # Decorative line
    hr = Table([['']], colWidths=[8*cm], rowHeights=[2])
    hr.setStyle(TableStyle([('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor("#CE93D8"))]))
    elems.append(hr)
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm))

    topics = [
        "Constitutional Framework & Fundamental Rights",
        "Landmark Legislation (Pre & Post Independence)",
        "BNS 2023 — Replacing IPC (detailed section comparison)",
        "Maternity Leave — State-wise Comparison incl. Kerala",
        "Transport Reservations & Women's Concessions",
        "Kerala WCD Schemes & Gender Profile",
        "Gender Issues in Community Medicine Perspective",
        "Central Govt Schemes, Helplines & Portals",
    ]
    for t in topics:
        elems.append(Paragraph(f"◆  {t}", cover_meta))
        elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.15*cm))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("May 2026  |  Community Medicine Department", cover_meta))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── Table of Contents ────────────────────────────────────────────
def toc():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("TABLE OF CONTENTS", PURPLE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
    sections = [
        ("1", "Conceptual Framework of Women Empowerment"),
        ("2", "Constitutional Provisions for Women"),
        ("3", "Landmark Legislation — Timeline"),
        ("4", "Detailed Act-by-Act Analysis"),
        ("5", "BNS 2023 — Replacing IPC (IPC vs BNS Comparison)"),
        ("6", "Maternity Benefits — Detailed State-wise Comparison"),
        ("7", "Women's Concessions & Reservations in India"),
        ("8", "Central Government Schemes for Women"),
        ("9", "Kerala — Women & Child Development"),
        ("10", "Gender Issues — Community Medicine Perspective"),
        ("11", "Important Regulatory Bodies & Commissions"),
        ("12", "Landmark Judicial Decisions"),
        ("13", "Summary Quick Reference Table"),
        ("14", "Important Helplines & Portals"),
    ]
    for num, title in sections:
        row_style = make_style(f'TOC{num}', fontSize=10, textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=18, leftIndent=8)
        elems.append(Paragraph(f"<b>{num}.</b>  {title}", row_style))
        elems.append(divider(colors.HexColor("#E0E0E0"), 0.5))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 1: Conceptual Framework ─────────────────────────────
def sec1():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK", PURPLE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(
        b("Women Empowerment") + " is the process of enabling women to gain control over their lives through "
        "access to power — economic, social, political, and legal. In community medicine, it is a key determinant "
        "of health outcomes, maternal mortality, child nutrition, and family well-being.", body))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("Dimensions of Women Empowerment:"), h3))

    dim_data = [
        [b("DIMENSION"), b("KEY COMPONENTS"), b("COMMUNITY HEALTH LINK")],
        ["Economic", "Equal wages, Employment, Property rights, Entrepreneurship", "Financial independence → better nutrition, healthcare access"],
        ["Social", "Education, Healthcare, Freedom of movement", "Educated mothers → lower IMR, better child nutrition"],
        ["Political", "Right to vote, Panchayat reservation, Judicial access", "Policy influence → women-friendly health infrastructure"],
        ["Legal", "Constitutional rights, Protection laws", "Legal recourse → reduced domestic violence, safer pregnancies"],
        ["Personal", "Reproductive autonomy, Safety", "Reproductive rights → lower maternal mortality"],
        ["Psychological", "Self-confidence, Decision-making, Rights awareness", "Utilization of antenatal care, institutional delivery"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        dim_data[0], dim_data[1:],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 7*cm, 7*cm],
        header_bg=PURPLE
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Key Indicators of Women's Empowerment: ") +
        "Freedom of movement • Control over resources • Financial independence • "
        "Decision-making capacity • Access to education & healthcare • Political participation",
        bg=PURPLE_LIGHT, border=PURPLE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 2: Constitutional Provisions ─────────────────────────
def sec2():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("2. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR WOMEN", TEAL))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph("The Indian Constitution lays the foundational framework for women's rights:", body))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    rows = [
        ["Art. 14", "Equality before law — no person can be denied equality"],
        ["Art. 15(1)", "Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex"],
        ["Art. 15(3)", "State MAY make special provisions for women and children (enables reservations)"],
        ["Art. 16", "Equality of opportunity in public employment"],
        ["Art. 21", "Right to life & personal liberty (includes reproductive rights, dignity, bodily integrity)"],
        ["Art. 23", "Prohibition of trafficking and forced labour"],
        ["Art. 24", "Prohibition of child labour (under 14 years)"],
        ["Art. 39(a)", "Right to adequate means of livelihood for men and women equally"],
        ["Art. 39(d)", "Equal pay for equal work — men and women"],
        ["Art. 42", "DPSP: State shall make provisions for just & humane conditions of work and maternity relief"],
        ["Art. 44", "DPSP: Uniform Civil Code (UCC) — to remove gender-discriminatory personal laws"],
        ["Art. 51A(e)", "Fundamental Duty: Renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women"],
        ["Art. 243D", "Not less than 1/3rd seats reserved for women in Panchayati Raj institutions"],
        ["Art. 243T", "Not less than 1/3rd seats reserved for women in Urban Local Bodies"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Article", "Provision"],
        rows,
        col_widths=[2.5*cm, 14.5*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Note: ") + "Articles 14, 15, 16, and 21 are " + b("Fundamental Rights") +
        " (enforceable in courts). Articles 39, 42, and 44 are " + b("Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)") +
        " — non-justiciable but guide legislation.",
        bg=TEAL_LIGHT, border=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 3: Timeline ──────────────────────────────────────────
def sec3():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("3. LANDMARK LEGISLATION — TIMELINE", ORANGE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("A. Pre-Independence Era"), h3))

    pre_rows = [
        ["1795", "Regulation No. XXI — infant female murder declared illegal"],
        ["1804", "Regulation No. III — further protection for girl children"],
        ["1829", "Abolition of Sati (Regulation XVII) by Lord William Bentinck"],
        ["1856", "Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act — widows can legally remarry"],
        ["1872", "Special Marriage Act — first inter-caste/inter-religion marriages"],
        ["1891", "Age of Consent Act — raised minimum age for marriage to 12 yrs"],
        ["1929", "Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) — min. age 14F/18M"],
        ["1937", "Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act"],
        ["1939", "Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act — women's right to divorce"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(["Year", "Legislation / Event"], pre_rows,
                             col_widths=[2*cm, 15*cm], header_bg=ORANGE))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("B. Post-Independence Era"), h3))

    post_rows = [
        ["1954", "Special Marriage Act (revised) — civil marriage for all religions"],
        ["1955", "Hindu Marriage Act — monogamy, divorce rights, minimum marriage age"],
        ["1955", "Hindu Succession Act (amended 2005: daughters = coparceners)"],
        ["1961", "Maternity Benefit Act — paid maternity leave for working women"],
        ["1961", "Dowry Prohibition Act — bans giving/taking dowry"],
        ["1971", "Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act — safe abortion"],
        ["1976", "Equal Remuneration Act — equal pay for equal work"],
        ["1984", "Family Courts Act — speedy matrimonial dispute resolution"],
        ["1987", "Sati (Prevention) Act — criminalizes abetment of sati"],
        ["1990", "National Commission for Women Act — statutory NCW established"],
        ["1992", "73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments — 33% Panchayat/ULB reservation"],
        ["1994", "PCPNDT Act — bans sex determination before birth; protects girl fetus"],
        ["2005", "Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act — civil remedies"],
        ["2005", "Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act — daughters are coparceners"],
        ["2006", "Prohibition of Child Marriage Act — CMPO enforcement mechanism"],
        ["2013", "POSH Act — Sexual Harassment at Workplace prevention & redressal"],
        ["2013", "Criminal Law (Amendment) Act — post-Nirbhaya; expanded rape definition"],
        ["2017", "Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act — 26 weeks (from 12 weeks)"],
        ["2019", "Prohibition of Triple Talaq Act — instant talaq void + criminal offence"],
        ["2021", "MTP (Amendment) Act — unmarried women included; up to 24 wks special cases"],
        ["2023", "Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) — replaces IPC (effective 1 July 2024)"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(["Year", "Legislation / Milestone"], post_rows,
                             col_widths=[2*cm, 15*cm], header_bg=ORANGE))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 4: Detailed Acts ─────────────────────────────────────
def sec4():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("4. DETAILED ACT-BY-ACT ANALYSIS", BLUE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    acts = [
        {
            "title": "4.1 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955",
            "points": [
                b("Minimum age of marriage:") + " 18 years (girl), 21 years (boy)",
                "Prohibited polygamy for Hindus",
                "Divorce available to women on equal grounds — cruelty, desertion, conversion, mental disorder, leprosy, venereal disease, renunciation, presumption of death",
                "Section 24: Either spouse can seek interim maintenance (pendent lite)",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.2 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961",
            "points": [
                "Prohibits giving, taking, or demanding dowry",
                b("Penalty:") + " Imprisonment ≥5 years + fine ≥₹15,000 or amount of dowry (whichever more)",
                b("BNS Section 80") + " (IPC 304B): Dowry Death — woman dies within 7 years of marriage due to burns/bodily injury AND was subjected to cruelty in connection with dowry → minimum 7 years imprisonment",
                "Dowry Prohibition Officers (DPOs) appointed in each district",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.3 MTP Act, 1971 (Amended 2021)",
            "points": [
                "Up to " + b("20 weeks:") + " one Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP) required",
                b("20–24 weeks:") + " Special categories — rape survivors, minors, disability in fetus, humanitarian grounds → 2 RMPs required",
                b("Beyond 24 weeks:") + " Substantial fetal abnormalities → Medical Board decision",
                b("2021 Amendment:") + " Extended to " + b("unmarried women") + " — reproductive autonomy upheld by Supreme Court (2022)",
                "Provider protection: RMPs not liable for good faith terminations",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.4 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005",
            "points": [
                b("Civil remedy") + " (not criminal): Protection orders, Residence orders, Monetary relief, Custody orders",
                "Covers unmarried partners, live-in relationships, women in joint families",
                b("Protection Officer (PO)") + " appointed in each district — first point of contact",
                "Emergency relief within " + b("3 working days") + " of complaint",
                "Shared household — woman cannot be evicted even if not legally co-owner",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.5 POSH Act, 2013 (Sexual Harassment at Workplace)",
            "points": [
                b("Internal Complaints Committee (ICC)") + " mandatory in organizations with ≥10 employees",
                b("Local Complaints Committee (LCC)") + " for unorganized sector / small establishments",
                "Inquiry to be completed within " + b("90 days") + "; action within 60 days of inquiry report",
                "Covers contractual, part-time, domestic workers, interns, visitors",
                b("She-Box Portal:") + " shebox.wcd.gov.in — online complaints for central govt employees",
                "Annual report mandatory to be filed with District Officer",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.6 PCPNDT Act, 1994 (Amended 2003)",
            "points": [
                "Bans sex determination of fetus before/after conception",
                b("Penalty:") + " 3 years imprisonment + ₹10,000 fine (first offence); 5 years + ₹50,000 (subsequent)",
                "Mandatory registration of all ultrasound machines",
                "All sonography centers must maintain Form F (records of pregnant women)",
                "Appropriate Authorities (AAs) appointed at national, state, district levels",
                b("Beti Bachao Beti Padhao") + " scheme complements this in 100 gender-critical districts",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.7 Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006",
            "points": [
                "Minimum age: 18 years (girl), 21 years (boy)",
                "Child marriage is " + b("voidable") + " at option of minor (not automatically void — proposed amendment pending)",
                b("Child Marriage Prohibition Officers (CMPO)") + " appointed — can issue injunctions",
                "Marriage officiant/guest who facilitates child marriage also punishable",
                b("Proposed:") + " Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill 2021 — make ALL child marriages void; raise girl's age to 21",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.8 Prohibition of Triple Talaq Act, 2019",
            "points": [
                b("Talaq-e-biddat") + " (instant triple talaq) declared void and illegal",
                b("Penalty:") + " 3 years imprisonment for husband",
                "Cognizable, non-bailable offence — police can arrest without warrant",
                "Complaint can be filed by wife or her blood relatives",
                "Magistrate may grant bail after hearing wife",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "4.9 Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005",
            "points": [
                b("Daughters recognized as coparceners") + " in Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) — equal to sons",
                "Right to demand partition; equal share in ancestral property",
                b("Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma (2020):") + " SC ruled the amendment applies even if the father died before 2005",
                "Applies to all Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists",
            ]
        },
    ]

    for act in acts:
        elems.append(Paragraph(act["title"], h3))
        for p in act["points"]:
            elems.append(Paragraph(f"• {p}", bullet))
        elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 5: BNS ───────────────────────────────────────────────
def sec5():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("5. BNS 2023 — REPLACING IPC (Effective 1 July 2024)", PINK))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 ") +
        "is the major criminal law reform replacing the 163-year-old Indian Penal Code (IPC). "
        "It also brings " + b("Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)") + " replacing CrPC, and "
        + b("Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)") + " replacing the Evidence Act.",
        bg=PINK_LIGHT, border=PINK
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("IPC vs BNS — Crimes Against Women (Section Comparison):"), h3))

    bns_rows = [
        ["Rape", "S. 375", "S. 63", "Expanded definition; includes non-penetrative acts"],
        ["Custodial/Aggravated Rape", "S. 376A–E", "S. 64–69", "Enhanced punishment; includes rape by persons in authority"],
        ["Gang Rape", "S. 376D", "S. 70", "Min. 20 years to life imprisonment"],
        ["Gang Rape (girl <16 yrs)", "S. 376DA", "S. 70(2)(ii)", "Life imprisonment or death"],
        ["Gang Rape (girl <12 yrs)", "S. 376DB", "S. 70(2)(iii)", "Life imprisonment or death"],
        ["Deceptive promise → intercourse", "—", "S. 69", "NEW: False promise of marriage/employment"],
        ["Sexual Assault (outraging modesty)", "S. 354", "S. 74", "1–5 years + fine"],
        ["Disrobing", "S. 354B", "S. 76", "3–7 years imprisonment"],
        ["Voyeurism", "S. 354C", "S. 77", "1–3 years (1st offence); 3–7 years (subsequent)"],
        ["Stalking", "S. 354D", "S. 78", "1–3 years (1st); 3–5 years (2nd)"],
        ["Sexual Harassment (verbal/physical)", "S. 354A", "S. 75", "1–3 years + fine"],
        ["Outraging modesty (verbal/gesture)", "S. 509", "S. 79", "3 years + fine"],
        ["Dowry Death", "S. 304B", "S. 80", "Min. 7 years to life imprisonment"],
        ["Domestic Cruelty", "S. 498A", "S. 85", "3 years + fine; cognizable, non-bailable"],
        ["Acid Attack", "S. 326A", "S. 124", "Min. 10 years (up to life) + fine ≥₹10 lakh"],
        ["Acid Attack (attempt)", "S. 326B", "S. 125", "Min. 5 years + fine"],
        ["Miscarriage without consent", "S. 312", "S. 88", "3–7 years imprisonment"],
        ["Concealment of birth", "S. 318", "S. 94", "2 years imprisonment"],
        ["Trafficking", "S. 370", "S. 143", "7 years to life; enhanced for minors/repeat offences"],
        ["Obscene acts", "S. 294", "S. 296", "3 months + fine"],
        ["Wrongful confinement", "S. 340", "S. 127(2)", "Specifically addresses unlawful custody from guardians"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Offence", "IPC Section", "BNS Section", "Key Feature"],
        bns_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 7.5*cm],
        header_bg=PINK
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("New Procedural Safeguards (BNSS):"), h3))
    proc = [
        b("BNSS Section 173–174:") + " Mandatory FIR registration for sexual offences (Zero-FIR concept — can file at any police station)",
        b("BNSS Section 176:") + " Audio-video recording of statements of rape victims; woman officer to record statement",
        b("BNSS Section 193:") + " Charge sheet within 90 days of arrest",
        b("BNSS Section 530:") + " Allows trial in absentia (prevents accused from prolonging trial by absconding)",
        "Medical examination of rape victim by any RMP within 24 hours at any govt/private hospital",
    ]
    for p in proc: elems.append(Paragraph(f"▸ {p}", bullet))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 6: Maternity ─────────────────────────────────────────
def sec6():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("6. MATERNITY BENEFITS — STATE-WISE COMPARISON", TEAL))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("6.1 Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended 2017) — Central Law"), h3))

    mat_rows = [
        ["Duration of paid leave", "26 weeks for first 2 children; 12 weeks for 3rd child onwards"],
        ["Pre-delivery leave", "Not more than 8 weeks before expected delivery date"],
        ["Eligibility threshold", "Worked ≥80 days in the preceding 12 months with same employer"],
        ["Adoptive mother", "12 weeks from the date of adoption (child must be under 3 months)"],
        ["Commissioning mother (surrogacy)", "12 weeks from the date child is handed over"],
        ["Creche facility", "Mandatory for establishments with ≥50 employees; 4 visits/day allowed"],
        ["Nursing breaks", "2 nursing breaks per day until child turns 15 months"],
        ["Medical bonus", "₹3,500 if employer does not provide pre/post-natal care"],
        ["Work from home", "Employer may allow WFH after 26 weeks based on nature of work"],
        ["Dismissal protection", "Cannot be dismissed, discharged, or denied benefits during maternity leave"],
        ["Miscarriage/MTP leave", "6 weeks (paid) from the date of event"],
        ["Illness from delivery", "1 month additional paid leave (with medical certificate)"],
        ["Tubectomy leave", "2 weeks paid leave following tubectomy operation"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(["Parameter", "Details"], mat_rows,
                             col_widths=[6*cm, 11*cm], header_bg=TEAL))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("6.2 State-wise Maternity Leave Comparison (Government Employees)"), h3))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Private sector:") + " All states follow the central Maternity Benefit Act 2017 = 26 weeks. "
        "The table below shows leave for " + b("state government employees,") +
        " which is often more generous than the central Act.",
        bg=TEAL_LIGHT, border=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    state_rows = [
        [b("KERALA") + " ★", "180 days (6 months) — KSR Rule 100", "Hysterectomy leave (separate provision); miscarriage = 45 days; 2024 amendment: miscarriage/hysterectomy leave reckoned as duty for probation; female recruits joining after delivery: 180 days from joining; contract employees eligible"],
        ["Central Govt (CCS Rules)", "180 days (6 months) for 2 children", "60 days for miscarriage; 2 years Child Care Leave (CCL) in entire service lifetime"],
        ["Tamil Nadu", "180 days (state govt)", "Vidiyal Payanam free bus scheme; strong maternal health indicators"],
        ["Karnataka", "180 days (state govt)", "Shakti scheme for women's transport; progressive women's policies"],
        ["Telangana", "180 days (state govt)", "He Bus free travel scheme for women"],
        ["Andhra Pradesh", "180 days (state govt)", "YSR Vahana Mitra transport subsidy"],
        ["Maharashtra", "180 days (state govt)", "Private sector follows central 26-week rule"],
        ["Delhi (UT)", "180 days (state govt)", "Free bus travel since 2019 (DTC pink tickets)"],
        ["West Bengal", "180 days (state govt)", "Free bus travel announced 2025"],
        ["Rajasthan", "180 days (state govt)", "Child marriage remains a challenge despite laws"],
        ["Gujarat", "180 days (state govt)", "Private sector follows central 26-week rule"],
        ["Punjab", "180 days (state govt)", "Free bus travel for women since 2021"],
        ["Himachal Pradesh", "180 days (state govt)", "Women-friendly hill state policies"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["State", "Leave Duration", "Notable Features"],
        state_rows,
        col_widths=[3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 10*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Kerala's Distinction: ") +
        "KSR Rule 100 provides 180 days maternity leave — among the highest in India. "
        "Kerala uniquely includes a separate " + b("hysterectomy leave") + " provision and a 2024 amendment "
        "making miscarriage/hysterectomy leave count as duty period for probation purposes. "
        "Kerala's MMR (~30/lakh live births) is significantly below the national average (~97).",
        bg=TEAL_LIGHT, border=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 7: Concessions & Reservations ────────────────────────
def sec7():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("7. WOMEN'S CONCESSIONS & RESERVATIONS IN INDIA", ORANGE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    elems.append(Paragraph(b("7.1 Bus Transport — State-wise Free/Subsidised Travel"), h3))
    bus_rows = [
        ["Delhi", "Free travel on DTC buses (since 2019)", "'Pink Tickets' — 1 billion+ used; 2019 was first state"],
        ["Karnataka", "Free — Shakti Scheme", "229 crore free rides in first year; also increased KSRTC revenue"],
        ["Tamil Nadu", "Free — Vidiyal Payanam", "520 crore rides served; 468 crore trips by May 2024"],
        ["Punjab", "Free for all women (since 2021)", "Over ₹1,548 crore worth of rides availed"],
        ["Telangana", "Free — He Bus scheme", "Dedicated women's service in Hyderabad"],
        ["Jammu & Kashmir", "Free for women", "UT-level scheme"],
        ["West Bengal", "Free (announced June 2025)", "Scheme to benefit lakhs of students & working women"],
        ["Andhra Pradesh", "YSR Vahana Mitra — transport subsidy", "₹10,000/year for women's transport needs"],
        ["Himachal Pradesh", "Subsidised fares for women", "Hill terrain — mobility is a major empowerment factor"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["State", "Scheme", "Impact/Details"],
        bus_rows,
        col_widths=[3*cm, 4.5*cm, 9.5*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("7.2 Kerala KSRTC — Seat Reservation Rules"), h3))
    ksrtc = [
        "Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 mandates seat reservation for women in public buses (typically 25–33%)",
        "KSRTC reserves front seats for women; conductors can ask non-deserving occupants to vacate",
        "KSRTC & Kerala Police play " + b("safety messages") + " for women on all buses",
        b("On-demand stops at night") + " — KSRTC buses (except Minnal) can stop at request for women's safety",
        "Women cannot be denied their reserved seats at any point of the journey, including midway boarding",
    ]
    for k in ksrtc: elems.append(Paragraph(f"• {k}", bullet))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("7.3 Railways & Metro"), h3))
    rail_rows = [
        ["Indian Railways (mainline)", "Ladies' compartment in all passenger trains; 6 lower berths reserved per sleeper/AC coach for women, senior citizens, disabled; women traveling alone allocated lower berths preferentially"],
        ["Mumbai Local", "Dedicated ladies' compartments in every local train; separate platform areas"],
        ["Kolkata Suburban", "Dedicated ladies' compartments in every local train"],
        ["Chennai Suburban", "Ladies' compartments with enhanced security"],
        ["Delhi Metro", "First coach of every train fully reserved for women (all day)"],
        ["Mumbai Metro", "Half a coach reserved for women in each train"],
        ["Kolkata Metro", "Fixed number of seats reserved per coach for women"],
        ["Bengaluru Metro (Namma Metro)", "Dedicated women's coach; seats reserved"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["System", "Women's Reservation Provision"],
        rail_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 12.5*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("7.4 Financial Concessions for Women"), h3))
    fin_rows = [
        ["Home Loan Interest", "0.05–0.10% concession from PSU banks (SBI, BoB, PNB, etc.) for women borrowers"],
        ["Stamp Duty Reduction", "Delhi: 4% for women vs 6% for men; UP: 6% vs 7%; many states offer 1–2% reduction if property in woman's name"],
        ["Court Fees", "Women litigants exempted/reduced court fees in many states"],
        ["PMAY (Housing Scheme)", "House must be in woman's name or jointly held — mandatory co-ownership"],
        ["Mudra Loans", "Preferential lending for women entrepreneurs under Shishu/Kishore/Tarun categories"],
        ["PMEGP Subsidy", "15% subsidy for women entrepreneurs (vs 10% for general category urban)"],
        ["Jan Dhan Overdraft", "₹10,000 overdraft facility — priority to women account holders"],
        ["GST Exemptions", "Menstrual hygiene products (sanitary napkins) — GST reduced to 0% in 2018"],
        ["Income Tax", "Women (India) have same tax slabs as men, but new regime being evaluated; insurance premium rebates"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Concession Type", "Details"],
        fin_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 12.5*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("7.5 Employment Reservations"), h3))
    emp_rows = [
        ["Panchayati Raj Bodies", "≥33% seats for women (Constitution Art. 243D); many states (Kerala, Bihar, Rajasthan, Odisha) provide 50%"],
        ["Urban Local Bodies", "33–50% seats for women (Constitution Art. 243T)"],
        ["State Govt Jobs — Kerala", "30% horizontal reservation for women"],
        ["Police Forces", "Most states: 20–33% reservation for women in police recruitment"],
        ["NCC — Women Wing", "Special women's battalions and commissions"],
        ["Judiciary", "National Policy for 33% women judges in courts — being progressively implemented"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Category", "Reservation/Provision"],
        emp_rows,
        col_widths=[5*cm, 12*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 8: Central Schemes ───────────────────────────────────
def sec8():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("8. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHEMES FOR WOMEN", PURPLE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    scheme_rows = [
        ["Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)", "MoWCD + MoHFW", "2015", "Addresses declining CSR; girl child education & survival in 100 gender-critical districts"],
        ["PMMVY (Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana)", "MoWCD", "2017", "₹5,000 cash in 3 installments for 1st live birth; wage compensation for pregnant/lactating women"],
        ["One-Stop Centres (OSCs) / Sakhi Centres", "MoWCD", "2015", "Violence survivors: shelter, legal aid, medical help, counselling under one roof — in all districts"],
        ["Ujjwala Yojana", "MoWCD", "2007", "Anti-trafficking: rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration of trafficking victims"],
        ["Swadhar Greh", "MoWCD", "2002", "Shelter + food + clothing + rehabilitation for women in difficult circumstances"],
        ["Mahila Shakti Kendra (MSK)", "MoWCD", "2017", "Rural women: awareness, skilling, employment — village to block to state level"],
        ["Nirbhaya Fund", "MoHFW + MoWCD", "2013", "Women safety projects: fast-track courts, CCTV in public places, emergency response"],
        ["Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)", "MoHFW (NHM)", "2005", "Cash incentive for institutional delivery to reduce maternal & infant mortality"],
        ["Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)", "MoHFW", "2011", "Free delivery, C-section, drugs, diagnostics, blood transfusion, diet, transport in govt hospitals"],
        ["POSHAN Abhiyaan", "MoWCD", "2018", "Reduce stunting/wasting/undernutrition in children & women; Anemia Mukt Bharat"],
        ["ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services)", "MoWCD", "1975", "Anganwadi-based: nutrition, immunization, health check-up, PSE for children 0-6 yrs & mothers"],
        ["SHG-Bank Linkage (NABARD)", "MoF/NABARD", "1992", "Self-help groups microfinance — economic empowerment; Kudumbashree model"],
        ["Working Women's Hostels", "MoWCD", "1972", "Safe, affordable accommodation for working women in cities"],
        ["National Creche Scheme", "MoWCD", "1975 (rev.)", "Creche facilities for working mothers; children 6 months–6 years"],
        ["Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)", "MoHUA", "2015", "Housing for all — mandatory co-ownership with woman of family"],
        ["Sukanya Samridhi Yojana", "MoF", "2015", "Small savings scheme for girl child (0–10 yrs); tax-free returns; matures at 21"],
        ["Kanyashree Prakalpa", "Govt of WB", "2013", "Conditional cash transfer for girl child's education & preventing early marriage"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Scheme", "Ministry", "Year", "Focus"],
        scheme_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 1.3*cm, 8.7*cm],
        header_bg=PURPLE
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Key National Portals: ") +
        "Ministry of WCD: wcd.nic.in  |  NCW: ncw.gov.in  |  NCPCR: ncpcr.gov.in  |  "
        "She-Box (workplace harassment): shebox.wcd.gov.in  |  One-Stop: wcd.nic.in/sakhi",
        bg=PURPLE_LIGHT, border=PURPLE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 9: Kerala ────────────────────────────────────────────
def sec9():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("9. KERALA — WOMEN & CHILD DEVELOPMENT", TEAL))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Kerala WCD Portal: ") + "wcd.kerala.gov.in  |  " +
        b("Helpline: ") + "181 (Women Helpline)  |  1098 (Childline)  |  " +
        b("KSRTC Women Safety: ") + "0471-2463799",
        bg=TEAL_LIGHT, border=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))

    elems.append(Paragraph(b("9.1 Kerala's Gender Profile — Why It's a Model State"), h3))
    kgp_rows = [
        ["Sex Ratio", "1,084 females/1,000 males", "Highest in India; national avg = 943"],
        ["Female Literacy", "95.2%", "National avg = 70.3%"],
        ["MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate)", "~30/lakh live births", "National avg = ~97; WHO target <70 by 2030"],
        ["Female Workforce Participation", "~35%", "Well above national avg of 23.3%"],
        ["Institutional Delivery Rate", ">99%", "Among highest globally for a developing region"],
        ["Adolescent Fertility Rate", "Low", "Educated women delay marriage"],
        ["Panchayat Seat Reservation", "50% for women", "Above constitutional minimum of 33%"],
        ["Male-Female Literacy Gap", "~2%", "National gap = ~14%"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Indicator", "Kerala", "Comparison"],
        kgp_rows,
        col_widths=[5*cm, 4.5*cm, 7.5*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("9.2 Historical/Social Factors Driving Kerala's Success"), h3))
    hist = [
        b("Matrilineal tradition:") + " Nair (Marumakkathayam) and Mappila communities historically practiced matrilineal inheritance (property through mother's line), giving women social standing",
        b("Early social reform movements:") + " Raja Ram Mohan Roy influence, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyankali — education for all castes and genders",
        b("Christian missionary education:") + " Early establishment of schools for girls in 19th century (esp. Travancore)",
        b("Travancore-Cochin state policy:") + " Compulsory primary education; free girls' education before independence",
        b("Kerala Model:") + " High investment in human capital (health + education) rather than just GDP — produces better gender outcomes",
    ]
    for h_pt in hist: elems.append(Paragraph(f"▸ {h_pt}", bullet))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("9.3 Kerala WCD Schemes — Comprehensive List"), h3))

    scheme_rows = [
        ["Aswasanidhi", "Women (crime victims)", "₹300 lakh corpus fund for victims of sex crimes, domestic violence, acid attacks, heinous gender-based violence — released irrespective of Victim Compensation Fund"],
        ["Mangalya Scheme", "Widows", "Financial assistance to encourage widow remarriage (only 3.5% men remarry vs many women widowed; scheme addresses bias)"],
        ["Abhayakiranam", "Destitute widows", "Monthly ₹1,000 to relatives who provide shelter/protection to homeless widows"],
        ["Mahila Mandiram", "Destitute women 18+", "Residential facility for widows, divorced, deserted, destitute women with no family support"],
        ["Educational Assistance — Women-Headed Families", "Women-headed families", "Financial aid for children's education where woman is sole earner/head of family"],
        ["Ente Koodu", "Destitute women & children", "Overnight shelter (6:30 PM–7:30 AM), free of charge — Kozhikode & Thiruvananthapuram"],
        ["One Day Home", "Women visitors to TVM", "Safe accommodation in Thiruvananthapuram for urgent visits @ ₹150/day"],
        ["Sahaya Hastham", "Needy women", "Support scheme; emergency assistance"],
        ["Ujjwala (Kerala)", "Trafficking victims", "Prevention, rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration of trafficked women"],
        ["PMMVY (via Anganwadi)", "Pregnant/lactating mothers", "₹5,000 in 3 installments for 1st live birth; via Anganwadi platform"],
        ["First 1000 Days Programme", "Pregnant women + infants", "Critical developmental window: 270 days pregnancy + 730 days to child's 2nd birthday"],
        ["Supplementary Nutrition (ICDS)", "Children 0–6 yrs, mothers", "Amruthum Nutrimix (THR); 500 cal + 12–15g protein/day; 33,115 Anganwadis statewide"],
        ["Kudumbashree", "Rural/urban poor women", "State flagship: 4.5 million members; 100% women SHGs; poverty eradication + empowerment"],
        ["Gender & Child Budget", "Policy/fiscal", "Kerala presents separate Gender & Child Budget annually (₹6.21 crore for transgender in 2024-25)"],
        ["Children's Home", "Children in need", "Correctional institution under Juvenile Justice Act for children needing care & protection"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Scheme", "Beneficiary", "Details"],
        scheme_rows,
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3.5*cm, 9.5*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 10: Gender Issues ────────────────────────────────────
def sec10():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("10. GENDER ISSUES — COMMUNITY MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE", BLUE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    elems.append(Paragraph(b("10.1 India's Gender Performance Indicators (2024–25)"), h3))
    perf_rows = [
        ["Global Gender Gap Index (2024)", "Rank 129 / 146 countries (World Economic Forum)"],
        ["Gender Development Index", "0.849 (UNDP HDR 2023-24)"],
        ["Sex Ratio at Birth", "933 females/1,000 males (improving from 918 in 2015-16 per NFHS-5)"],
        ["Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)", "97/lakh live births (SRS 2018-20); target <70 by 2030"],
        ["Adolescent Birth Rate", "13.2/1,000 girls 15–19 years (NFHS-5)"],
        ["Female Literacy Rate", "70.3% (male: 84.7%) — gap = 14.4%"],
        ["Female Labour Force Participation Rate", "23.3% (ILO 2024); steadily improving post-COVID"],
        ["Women in Parliament (Lok Sabha 2024)", "15.1% seats — below global avg of 26.9%"],
        ["Women in State Assemblies", "~9–10% nationally (huge variation by state)"],
        ["Child Sex Ratio (0–6 years)", "919 females/1,000 males (Census 2011); NFHS-5 shows improvement"],
        ["Anaemia in Women of Reproductive Age", "57.0% (NFHS-5) — public health crisis"],
        ["Women with Bank Accounts", "79% (NFHS-5) — improved dramatically post-Jan Dhan"],
        ["Domestic Violence (IPV)", "30% of ever-married women experienced physical/sexual IPV (NFHS-5)"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Indicator", "Value / Status"],
        perf_rows,
        col_widths=[7*cm, 10*cm],
        header_bg=BLUE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("10.2 Major Gender Issues and Community Medicine Relevance"), h3))

    issues = [
        {
            "title": "A. Son Preference & Female Feticide",
            "color": PINK,
            "points": [
                "Sex-selective abortion leads to distorted sex ratio at birth and population pyramid",
                b("PCPNDT Act 1994 (amended 2003):") + " Bans sex determination before/after conception; mandatory registration of all ultrasound machines",
                "Penalty: 3 years + ₹10,000 (first offence); 5 years + ₹50,000 (subsequent)",
                b("Community impact:") + " Missing women → trafficking, bride shortage, polyandry in some regions",
                b("CM intervention:") + " BBBP scheme; community sensitization; gender-sensitive health education",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "B. Child Marriage",
            "color": ORANGE,
            "points": [
                "India has 3rd largest number of child brides globally (UNICEF 2023)",
                b("Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006:") + " Min. age 18F/21M; CMPO enforcement",
                "States with highest rates: Bihar, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh",
                b("Health consequences:") + " Higher maternal mortality, obstetric fistula, PPH, neonatal deaths, low birth weight",
                b("2021 Amendment proposal:") + " Raise women's minimum age to 21 — Jaya Jaitly Committee; Bill pending in Parliament",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "C. Dowry, Domestic Violence & Cruelty",
            "color": PINK,
            "points": [
                "~7,000 dowry deaths annually (NCRB 2023); 1,31,000+ DV Act cases",
                b("BNS S. 80:") + " Dowry death; " + b("BNS S. 85:") + " Cruelty/harassment for dowry",
                "30% of Indian women experience intimate partner violence (NFHS-5)",
                b("Health impact:") + " Trauma, depression, reproductive health complications, homicide",
                b("CM response:") + " One-Stop Centres (Sakhi); trained ASHA workers to identify DV; mandatory reporting protocol",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "D. Sexual Violence & Rape",
            "color": PINK,
            "points": [
                "~31,516 rape cases reported (NCRB 2023); actual numbers much higher due to underreporting",
                b("BNS Section 63–70:") + " Rape and aggravated sexual offences with enhanced penalties",
                "Gang rape (BNS S. 70): Min. 20 years to life; death penalty for victims under 12",
                b("Fast-track courts:") + " Operational in all states under Nirbhaya Fund for POCSO + rape cases",
                b("Health consequences:") + " Trauma, STIs, unwanted pregnancy, mental health disorders, physical injury",
                b("Legal aid:") + " One-Stop Centres, legal aid societies, free medical care mandatory",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "E. Reproductive & Maternal Health Issues",
            "color": TEAL,
            "points": [
                b("MTP Act 2021:") + " Safe abortion extended to unmarried women; Supreme Court (2022) upheld",
                "Unmet need for family planning: 9.4% (NFHS-5) — still significant",
                b("Anaemia:") + " 57% women of reproductive age anaemic — leading cause of maternal death; Anemia Mukt Bharat program",
                "High adolescent birth rate → preterm births, low birth weight, maternal complications",
                b("CM priority:") + " Universal ANC, institutional delivery (JSY/JSSK), POSHAN Abhiyaan, iron-folic acid supplementation",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "F. Trafficking & Commercial Sexual Exploitation",
            "color": ORANGE,
            "points": [
                "3,991 trafficking cases reported (NCRB 2023); vast underestimate of actual numbers",
                b("BNS Section 143:") + " Aggravated trafficking; enhanced penalties; organ trafficking included",
                "Push factors: Poverty, low education, natural disasters, gender-based violence",
                b("Ujjwala scheme:") + " Prevention, rescue, rehabilitation — survivor-centered approach",
                b("Anti-Trafficking Units:") + " National Investigation Agency (NIA) + state police units",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "G. Workplace Harassment & Gender Inequality at Work",
            "color": BLUE,
            "points": [
                "POSH Act 2013: ICC mandatory; ~56% organizations non-compliant (surveys)",
                b("Gender pay gap:") + " Women earn ~19% less than men for equal work (ILO India data)",
                "Informal sector workers (domestic workers, ASHA, Anganwadi workers) — lowest protections",
                b("Glass ceiling:") + " Women underrepresented in senior positions; career stagnation post-maternity",
                "Equal Remuneration Act 1976 → now Wages Code 2019 (Part III, Section 3) — equal remuneration mandatory",
            ]
        },
        {
            "title": "H. Digital Gender Divide",
            "color": PURPLE,
            "points": [
                "Only 33% Indian women use internet vs 57% men (IAMAI 2024)",
                "Cybercrime against women growing: cyber stalking (BNS S. 78), sextortion, morphed images",
                "Digital literacy gaps prevent women from accessing govt schemes online",
                b("Opportunity:") + " Digital payments (UPI), telemedicine, digital banking are transformative if access gaps bridged",
            ]
        },
    ]

    for issue in issues:
        bg_color = {PINK: PINK_LIGHT, ORANGE: ORANGE_LIGHT, TEAL: TEAL_LIGHT, BLUE: BLUE_LIGHT, PURPLE: PURPLE_LIGHT}.get(issue["color"], GREY_LIGHT)
        title_p = Paragraph(issue["title"], make_style(f'ISS{issue["title"][:3]}', fontSize=10.5,
                                                       textColor=WHITE, fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
                                                       leading=15, leftIndent=8))
        t = Table([[title_p]], colWidths=[17*cm])
        t.setStyle(TableStyle([
            ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), issue["color"]),
            ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
            ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ]))
        elems.append(t)
        for p in issue["points"]:
            elems.append(Paragraph(f"  ▸ {p}", make_style(f'IP{issue["title"][:2]}', fontSize=9.3,
                                                            textColor=GREY_DARK, leading=14,
                                                            leftIndent=14, firstLineIndent=-10,
                                                            spaceAfter=3, backColor=bg_color)))
        elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.25*cm))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("10.3 Social Determinants Affecting Women's Health"), h3))
    soc_rows = [
        ["Patriarchal norms", "Decision-making denied; mobility restricted; dependency", "Community-level gender sensitization; SHGs"],
        ["Low female literacy", "Unaware of rights; unable to utilize health services", "BBBP; adult literacy; ASHA + AWW outreach"],
        ["Early/child marriage", "High MMR, IMR; obstetric complications; curtailed education", "CMPO enforcement; conditional cash transfers"],
        ["Caste system", "Dalit/tribal women face intersectional oppression; denied services", "Reservation; Scheduled Caste/ST-specific schemes"],
        ["Unpaid care burden", "Women do 7× more unpaid care work than men (India TUS)", "Paternity leave policy; National Creche Scheme"],
        ["Rural-urban divide", "Rural women have far less access to legal, health, economic services", "Telemedicine; mobile health units; BCC"],
        ["Son preference", "Girl child neglect; nutritional disparity; abandonment", "PCPNDT Act; BBBP; conditional incentives for girl child"],
        ["Anaemia & malnutrition", "High maternal mortality, preterm births, stunted children", "POSHAN Abhiyaan; IFA supplementation; ICDS"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Barrier", "Health Impact", "Community Medicine Response"],
        soc_rows,
        col_widths=[3.5*cm, 6*cm, 7.5*cm],
        header_bg=BLUE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 11: Regulatory Bodies ───────────────────────────────
def sec11():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("11. REGULATORY BODIES & COMMISSIONS", PURPLE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    rows = [
        ["National Commission for Women (NCW)", "1992", "National Commission for Women Act 1990", "Statutory body; investigates complaints, reviews legislation, advises government; writ petitions"],
        ["Kerala State Women's Commission (KSC)", "1996", "Kerala State Commission for Women Act 1996", "State-level NCW equivalent; settles disputes, recommends legislation, conducts awareness"],
        ["National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)", "2007", "CPCR Act 2005", "Protects child rights including girl child; monitors POCSO implementation"],
        ["National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)", "1993", "PHRA 1993", "Takes up HR violations against women; suo motu cognizance of incidents"],
        ["Family Courts", "1984", "Family Courts Act 1984", "Speedy, conciliatory resolution of matrimonial disputes, custody, maintenance"],
        ["Fast-Track Special Courts (FTSCs)", "2019", "Nirbhaya Fund", "Sexual offences (POCSO + rape): 1,023+ FTSCs operational across India"],
        ["Protection Officers (PO)", "2005", "DV Act 2005", "Appointed in each district; assist women in filing DRs; liaise between victim and court"],
        ["One-Stop Centres (Sakhi)", "2015", "MoWCD", "Violence survivors: medical, legal, police, counselling at one location — all districts"],
        ["Child Welfare Committees (CWC)", "2000", "JJ Act 2000/2015", "Quasi-judicial body for children in need of care and protection"],
        ["Juvenile Justice Boards (JJB)", "2000", "JJ Act 2000/2015", "For children in conflict with law; rehabilitation focus"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Body", "Est.", "Legal Basis", "Role"],
        rows,
        col_widths=[3.8*cm, 1.2*cm, 3.5*cm, 8.5*cm],
        header_bg=PURPLE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 12: Judicial Landmarks ──────────────────────────────
def sec12():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("12. LANDMARK JUDICIAL DECISIONS", PINK))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    rows = [
        ["Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan", "1997", "Laid down Vishaka Guidelines on workplace sexual harassment → codified as POSH Act 2013"],
        ["Laxmi v. Union of India", "2014", "Acid attack as distinct offence; mandatory compensation; restricted OTC acid sales"],
        ["Joseph Shine v. Union of India", "2018", "Struck down Section 497 IPC (adultery law) as unconstitutional — unequal, violates dignity"],
        ["Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India", "2018", "Decriminalized consensual same-sex relations (S. 377 IPC) — privacy, dignity"],
        ["Independent Thought v. Union of India", "2017", "Marital rape of girl below 18 years = rape (exception to S. 375 IPC struck down)"],
        ["Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma", "2020", "Daughters' equal coparcenary rights apply even if father died before 2005 amendment"],
        ["ABC v. State (NCT of Delhi)", "2015", "Single mother can be sole legal guardian without father's consent — autonomy upheld"],
        ["X v. Principal Secretary, Health & FW, Govt of NCT", "2022", "Unmarried women have equal right to safe abortion under MTP Act; S.3B rules struck down"],
        ["Shayara Bano v. Union of India", "2017", "Triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) held unconstitutional → Prohibition of Triple Talaq Act 2019"],
        ["Mary Roy v. State of Kerala", "1986", "Syrian Christian women entitled to equal inheritance rights"],
        ["Rupan Deol Bajaj v. K.P.S. Gill", "1996", "Sexual harassment at social gathering — IPC applied; dignity of woman upheld"],
        ["Seema v. Ashwani Kumar", "2006", "SC directed compulsory registration of marriages for all communities — protects women's rights"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Case", "Year", "Key Significance"],
        rows,
        col_widths=[5*cm, 1.5*cm, 10.5*cm],
        header_bg=PINK
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 13: Summary Table ────────────────────────────────────
def sec13():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("13. SUMMARY QUICK REFERENCE — KEY ACTS AT A GLANCE", TEAL))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    rows = [
        ["Dowry Prohibition Act", "1961", "Bans giving/taking dowry; BNS S.80 for dowry death (min. 7 yrs)"],
        ["Maternity Benefit Act (Amended)", "2017", "26 weeks paid leave (2 children); 12 wks adoptive/surrogacy; creche ≥50 employees"],
        ["MTP Act (Amended)", "2021", "Safe abortion to 20 wks (1 RMP); 24 wks special cases (2 RMPs); unmarried women included"],
        ["PCPNDT Act", "1994/2003", "Ban on sex determination; mandatory ultrasound registration; 3–5 yrs imprisonment"],
        ["DV Act", "2005", "Civil protection, residence, monetary relief; Protection Officer in each district"],
        ["POSH Act", "2013", "ICC mandatory (≥10 employees); LCC for unorganized; 90-day inquiry; She-Box portal"],
        ["Prohibition of Child Marriage Act", "2006", "Min. age 18F/21M; CMPO; child marriage voidable (pending: void)"],
        ["Hindu Succession Amendment", "2005", "Daughters = coparceners in HUF (Vineeta Sharma 2020: applies retrospectively)"],
        ["Triple Talaq Act", "2019", "Instant talaq void; 3 yrs imprisonment; cognizable, non-bailable"],
        ["BNS (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita)", "w.e.f. July 2024", "Replaces IPC; enhanced protection: S.63-79 (sexual offences), S.80 (dowry), S.85 (cruelty), S.124-125 (acid), S.143 (trafficking)"],
        ["BNSS (replaces CrPC)", "w.e.f. July 2024", "Zero-FIR; mandatory FIR for sexual offences; audio-video recording of victim statement"],
        ["Code on Social Security", "2020", "Consolidates maternity benefits; creche; nursing breaks; social security for gig workers"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Act", "Year", "Key Provision"],
        rows,
        col_widths=[5*cm, 2.5*cm, 9.5*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
    elems.append(info_box(
        b("Community Medicine Exam Tip: ") +
        "Always link Acts to community-level health impact — "
        "PCPNDT Act → improved sex ratio at birth; "
        "Maternity Benefit Act → reduced maternal mortality by enabling rest & nutrition; "
        "DV Act → fewer ER presentations of women with 'accidental' injuries; "
        "MTP Act → reduction in unsafe abortion deaths. "
        + b("Kerala") + " is consistently used as a model state for women's empowerment indicators.",
        bg=BLUE_LIGHT, border=BLUE
    ))
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    return elems

# ─── SECTION 14: Helplines ────────────────────────────────────────
def sec14():
    elems = []
    elems.append(section_header("14. KEY HELPLINES & PORTALS", ORANGE))
    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))

    national_rows = [
        ["Women Helpline", "181", "24×7, pan-India; domestic violence, harassment, distress"],
        ["Police Emergency", "112", "All emergencies; priority response for women in distress"],
        ["Childline", "1098", "24×7; children in need — abuse, trafficking, missing"],
        ["Nirbhaya (DV/Sexual violence)", "181", "Integrated with Women Helpline"],
        ["Anti-Trafficking Helpline", "1800-419-8588", "NHRC; free; rescue and rehabilitation assistance"],
        ["POCSO e-Box", "pocso-nhrc@nic.in", "Online reporting of child sexual abuse"],
        ["NCW Helpline", "7827170170", "National Commission for Women — legal help & mediation"],
    ]
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("National Helplines:"), h3))
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Service", "Number", "Details"],
        national_rows,
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3.5*cm, 9.5*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("Online Portals — India:"), h3))
    portal_rows = [
        ["Ministry of WCD", "wcd.nic.in", "Central schemes, policy, POSH, child development"],
        ["National Commission for Women", "ncw.gov.in", "Complaints, publications, legal aid"],
        ["NCPCR (child rights)", "ncpcr.gov.in", "Child rights monitoring, POCSO"],
        ["She-Box (workplace harassment)", "shebox.wcd.gov.in", "Online complaints for sexual harassment (central govt employees + others)"],
        ["One-Stop Centres (Sakhi)", "wcd.nic.in/sakhi", "Locate nearest Sakhi centre; online referral"],
        ["e-SNAt (Suraksha for women)", "e-safetypin.com", "Safety mapping for women's mobility"],
        ["NCRB Crime Statistics", "ncrb.gov.in", "Annual crime data including women/child crimes"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Portal/Body", "URL", "Use"],
        portal_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 8*cm],
        header_bg=ORANGE
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
    elems.append(Paragraph(b("Kerala-Specific Portals & Helplines:"), h3))
    kerala_rows = [
        ["WCD Kerala", "wcd.kerala.gov.in", "All state schemes — women, children, adolescents, mother & child"],
        ["Kudumbashree", "kudumbashree.org", "Poverty eradication, SHGs, microfinance, skill development"],
        ["Kerala Police Women Helpdesk", "044-2530-0030 / 112", "Women cell in every police station"],
        ["KSRTC Safety", "0471-2463799", "Women's safety on KSRTC buses"],
        ["Gender & Child Budget", "niyamasabha.org", "Annual gender-disaggregated budget documents"],
        ["Kerala State Women's Commission", "kswc.kerala.gov.in", "Complaints, mediation, legal assistance"],
    ]
    elems.append(make_table(
        ["Service", "Contact/URL", "Purpose"],
        kerala_rows,
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 8*cm],
        header_bg=TEAL
    ))

    elems.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
    # Footer note
    footer_p = Paragraph(
        b("References & Further Reading: ") +
        "NFHS-5 (2019-21) • NCRB Crime in India 2023 • WHO World Health Statistics 2024 • "
        "BNS/BNSS/BSA 2023 (MHA) • WEF Global Gender Gap Report 2024 • Kerala Gender & Child Budget 2024-25 • "
        "WCD Kerala Annual Report • NCW Annual Report 2023-24 • SCC Online (women's rights case law)",
        make_style('Ref', fontSize=8.5, textColor=GREY_MED, leading=13, leftIndent=8)
    )
    t = Table([[footer_p]], colWidths=[17*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), GREY_LIGHT),
        ('BOX', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.8, colors.HexColor("#BDBDBD")),
        ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    elems.append(t)
    return elems

# ─── Page Template ────────────────────────────────────────────────
def on_page(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    w, h = A4
    # Header stripe
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#F3E5F5"))
    canvas.rect(0, h - 1.2*cm, w, 1.2*cm, fill=True, stroke=False)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 7.5)
    canvas.setFillColor(PURPLE)
    canvas.drawString(1.5*cm, h - 0.8*cm, "Women Empowerment in India | Community Medicine Reference")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5)
    canvas.setFillColor(GREY_MED)
    canvas.drawRightString(w - 1.5*cm, h - 0.8*cm, "May 2026")
    # Footer stripe
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#EDE7F6"))
    canvas.rect(0, 0, w, 1.1*cm, fill=True, stroke=False)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 7.5)
    canvas.setFillColor(GREY_MED)
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 0.5*cm, f"Page {doc.page}")
    canvas.setFillColor(PURPLE)
    canvas.drawString(1.5*cm, 0.5*cm, "Helpline: 181 | Childline: 1098 | Police: 112")
    canvas.drawRightString(w - 1.5*cm, 0.5*cm, "wcd.kerala.gov.in | ncw.gov.in")
    canvas.restoreState()

# ─── Build PDF ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=1.5*cm, rightMargin=1.5*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
    title="Women Empowerment in India — Community Medicine Reference",
    author="Community Medicine Department",
    subject="Women Empowerment, Acts, Rules, Gender Issues, Kerala"
)

story = []
story += cover_page()
story += toc()
story += sec1()
story += sec2()
story += sec3()
story += sec4()
story += sec5()
story += sec6()
story += sec7()
story += sec8()
story += sec9()
story += sec10()
story += sec11()
story += sec12()
story += sec13()
story += sec14()

doc.build(story, onFirstPage=on_page, onLaterPages=on_page)
print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/women-empowerment-pdf/generate_pdf.py'

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/women-empowerment-pdf/generate_pdf.py'