1. Heart Failure

1. Assess a patient with suspected heart failure and identify symptoms/signs.
2. Interpret BNP, ECG, and echocardiography findings in heart failure.
3. Formulate acute and chronic management of heart failure.
4. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy according to symptom totality.
5. Counsel a heart-failure patient on diet, fluid restriction, exercise, adherence, and danger signs.
6. Interpret chest X-ray, ECG, BNP, and echocardiographic findings in heart failure.

2. Ischaemic Heart Disease / Myocardial Infarction

1. Identify chest-pain characteristics and associated symptoms suggestive of IHD.
2. Interpret ECG, troponin, CK-MB, stress test, echocardiography, and coronary angiography in IHD.
3. Formulate management for stable and unstable angina.
4. Plan acute MI management, including reperfusion, thrombolysis/PCI, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and monitoring of complications.
5. Counsel on primary and secondary prevention of IHD: diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction.
6. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for IHD according to symptom totality.
7. Identify and assess post-MI complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and pericarditis.

3. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease

1. Recognize rheumatic fever and apply the Jones criteria.
2. Identify chronic rheumatic valvular complications, including mitral/aortic stenosis and heart failure.
3. Interpret ASO titre, throat culture, ESR, CRP, ECG, and echocardiography in rheumatic fever.
4. Formulate acute treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory treatment, and supportive care.
5. Plan long-term management of rheumatic valvular disease, including anticoagulation, valve intervention, and heart-failure management.
6. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for rheumatic fever based on presenting symptoms.
7. Counsel on hygiene, early treatment of sore throat, adherence to secondary prophylaxis, and prevention of recurrence.

4. Valvular Heart Disease

1. Identify symptoms and signs of valvular heart disease, including murmur, thrill, JVP, dyspnoea, syncope, fatigue, and palpitations.
2. Interpret ECG, chest X-ray, echocardiography, Doppler studies, and cardiac catheterization in valvular lesions.
3. Formulate management of mitral stenosis and state indications for intervention.
4. Explain management and timing of surgery in mitral regurgitation.
5. Formulate management of aortic stenosis, including TAVI where indicated.
6. Formulate management of aortic regurgitation.
7. Explain medical and surgical management of tricuspid valve disease.
8. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for valvular heart disease according to symptom totality.
9. Counsel a patient on disease progression, warning symptoms, lifestyle measures, follow-up, and adherence.

5. Infective Endocarditis

1. Recognize clinical features of infective endocarditis, including fever, murmur, petechiae, splinter haemorrhages, Osler nodes, and Janeway lesions.
2. Interpret blood culture, echocardiography, CBC, ESR, CRP, and imaging findings.
3. Formulate an antibiotic treatment plan based on culture results and duration of therapy.
4. State indications for valve surgery in infective endocarditis.
5. Counsel high-risk patients regarding prophylactic antibiotics before dental/surgical procedures.
6. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for infective endocarditis based on symptom totality.
7. Counsel patients/families on adherence, relapse symptoms, prevention of recurrence, and follow-up.

6. Hypertension

1. Demonstrate correct manual or automated blood-pressure measurement.
2. Diagnose hypertension using BP readings, clinical findings, ECG, urinalysis, and serum electrolytes.
3. Formulate lifestyle and pharmacological management of hypertension.
4. Identify possible secondary causes of hypertension and plan evaluation.
5. Formulate emergency management of hypertensive crisis.
6. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for hypertension based on symptom totality.
7. Counsel on diet, exercise, weight reduction, stress management, and smoking cessation.
8. Plan follow-up, BP monitoring, and assessment of adherence/adverse effects.

7. Cardiomyopathies

1. Identify clinical presentation of cardiomyopathy, including dyspnoea, syncope, palpitations, murmur, S3 gallop, arrhythmia, and heart failure.
2. Interpret ECG, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, genetic tests, biopsy, and cardiac enzymes.
3. Formulate medical management for dilated cardiomyopathy.
4. Explain management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including drugs, myectomy, and ICD.
5. Explain management of restrictive cardiomyopathy and treatment of underlying causes.
6. Identify patients requiring transplant, ventricular-assist devices, or palliative care.
7. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for cardiomyopathy based on symptom totality.
8. Counsel on adherence, lifestyle changes, disease progression, and genetic counselling.

8. Arrhythmias / SVT

1. Recognize arrhythmia symptoms and signs: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, irregular pulse, and BP fluctuations.
2. Interpret an ECG showing supraventricular tachycardia.
3. Demonstrate stepwise management of acute SVT, including vagal manoeuvres, adenosine, drugs, and synchronized cardioversion.
4. Explain long-term management of arrhythmias, including antiarrhythmics and ablation.
5. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for arrhythmia according to symptoms.
6. Counsel on caffeine reduction, stress management, medication adherence, and device use.
7. Plan follow-up with ECG/Holter monitoring and assess for stroke or heart-failure complications.

9. Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Recognize clinical features of cor pulmonale/pulmonary hypertension, including dyspnoea, syncope, raised JVP, hepatomegaly, and peripheral oedema.
2. Interpret chest X-ray, ECG, echocardiography, right-heart catheterization, and pulmonary-function tests.
3. Formulate medical management of pulmonary hypertension.
4. Formulate acute and chronic management of cor pulmonale.
5. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for cor pulmonale/pulmonary hypertension.
6. Counsel on smoking cessation, oxygen adherence, lifestyle measures, and warning signs.
7. Plan follow-up by monitoring right-ventricular function and secondary complications.

10. Congenital Heart Disease

1. Recognize cyanotic and acyanotic CHD from clinical signs such as murmur, cyanosis, clubbing, squatting, and heart-failure features.
2. Interpret ECG, chest X-ray, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization in CHD.
3. Outline medical and surgical management of acyanotic CHD.
4. Describe management of cyanotic CHD, including prostaglandin E1 in duct-dependent lesions and definitive repair.
5. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for symptomatic management of CHD.
6. Counsel the family on diagnosis, treatment choices, prognosis, and the need for regular follow-up.
7. Plan follow-up for growth, development, and complications such as Eisenmenger syndrome.

11. Myocardial Disorders

1. Recognize clinical manifestations of myocardial disorders, including dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations, S3/S4, and heart failure.
2. Interpret ECG, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and biopsy findings in myocarditis/myocardial disease.
3. Formulate management for dilated cardiomyopathy.
4. Explain management approaches for hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
5. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for myocardial disorders.
6. Counsel on lifestyle modification, activity adjustment, medication adherence, and danger signs.
7. Plan follow-up by assessing LV function and complications such as arrhythmia.

12. Pericardial Disease

1. Recognize acute pericarditis/pericardial effusion/tamponade from chest pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, friction rub, raised JVP, and pulsus paradoxus.
2. Interpret ECG, echocardiography, CT/MRI, and pericardiocentesis findings.
3. Formulate management of acute pericarditis.
4. Explain indications for pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage in tamponade/effusion.
5. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for pericardial disease.
6. Counsel regarding disease, treatment options, adherence, lifestyle measures, and warning signs.
7. Plan long-term follow-up for recurrence, chronic pericarditis, and heart-failure complications.

13. Aortic Diseases

1. Recognize clinical presentation of aortic aneurysm, dissection, and coarctation, including severe chest/back pain and pulse disparity.
2. Interpret CT, MRI, ultrasound, angiography, and echocardiography in aortic disease.
3. Formulate management of aortic aneurysm based on size, site, and risk factors.
4. Formulate emergency management of acute aortic dissection.
5. Explain management of coarctation of aorta.
6. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for aortic disease according to symptoms.
7. Counsel on hypertension control, danger signs of rupture/dissection, and adherence.
8. Plan follow-up for aneurysm size, post-dissection surgery, recurrence, and complications.

14. Peripheral Vascular Disease

1. Recognize PAD, DVT, varicose veins, and arterial ulcers from history and examination: claudication, pain, swelling, skin changes, ulcer, pulse changes, oedema, varicosities, and cyanosis.
2. Interpret Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, MRI, venography, blood tests, and ankle-brachial index.
3. Formulate management of PAD, including antiplatelets, statins, angioplasty, and bypass surgery.
4. Formulate management of DVT, including anticoagulation and prevention of pulmonary embolism.
5. Plan conservative and surgical management of varicose veins.
6. Demonstrate or outline wound-care management of arterial ulcers, including debridement and revascularization.
7. Select the listed homoeopathic remedy for peripheral vascular disease.
8. Counsel on exercise, diet, avoidance of prolonged standing/sitting, and leg elevation.
9. Plan follow-up to detect recurrent thrombosis, ulcers, gangrene, or other complications.