Divide the syllabus of FMT as per 80-20 rule for KNRUHS UNIVERSITY exams

Asking for Preferences
Searching the Web

KNRUHS MBBS FMT Forensic Medicine Toxicology syllabus Phase III Part 1 exam pattern

Searching the Web

KNRUHS Forensic Medicine Toxicology important topics previous year questions high yield

Reading Web Page

https://www.diginerve.com/blogs/important-topics-of-fmt-in-m…

I now have enough information to give you a thorough, well-structured 80-20 analysis. Here it is:

FMT Syllabus - 80-20 Rule for KNRUHS MBBS Final Year (Phase III Part 1)

The 80-20 rule (Pareto Principle) applied here means: 20% of the topics account for ~80% of the marks in KNRUHS university exams. This is based on KNRUHS previous year question papers (including Jan 2025), CBME competency weightage, and the standard FMT exam question frequency pattern.

KNRUHS FMT Exam Pattern (100 Marks Theory Paper)

SectionTypeMarks
Section AMCQs / IBQs~20 marks
Section BShort Answer Questions (SAQ)~40 marks
Section CLong Answer Questions (LAQ/Essays)~40 marks

✅ THE HIGH-YIELD 20% (Covers ~80% of Marks)

These are the topics that appear in almost every KNRUHS FMT paper as LAQs, SAQs, or MCQs.

🔴 CATEGORY A - Most Repeated (Score-Clinching Topics)

These appear every single year as LAQs or SAQs - never skip these

1. Thanatology (Death & Post-Mortem Changes)

  • Signs of death - somatic vs molecular
  • Rigor mortis - mechanism, sequence, exceptions, medicolegal importance
  • Putrefaction and decomposition
  • Cadaveric spasm vs rigor mortis (frequently compared in SAQ)
  • Time since death (TSD) estimation - Henssge nomogram concept
  • Adipocere and mummification

2. Wounds & Injuries (Traumatology)

  • Classification of wounds
  • Abrasion, contusion, laceration - differences (very common comparison SAQ)
  • Incised wound vs lacerated wound vs stab wound
  • Medicolegal aspects of wounds - simple vs grievous hurt (IPC 319-325)
  • Defense wounds, hesitation cuts
  • Firearm injuries - entry vs exit wound, range of firing, blackening, tattooing, singing

3. Asphyxial Deaths

  • Types of asphyxia - signs, post-mortem findings
  • Hanging - typical vs atypical, judicial vs suicidal; ligature mark features
  • Strangulation - manual vs ligature; differences from hanging
  • Drowning - fresh water vs salt water; diatom test
  • Smothering, throttling, suffocation
  • Post-mortem findings in asphyxia (Tardieu spots, etc.)

4. Toxicology - Organophosphorus Compound (OPC) Poisoning

  • Mechanism (acetylcholinesterase inhibition)
  • SLUDGE features / DUMBELS mnemonic
  • Muscarinic, nicotinic, CNS effects
  • Management - atropine, pralidoxime (PAM), dose, timing
  • Medicolegal aspects - most common suicidal poison in India

5. Sexual Jurisprudence (Rape / POCSO)

  • Legal definition of rape under PCSOA and IPC 375/376
  • Examination of victim - findings, hymen types, evidence collection
  • Examination of accused - evidence of recent intercourse
  • Age of consent
  • POCSO Act key provisions
  • Virginity and its medicolegal significance

🟠 CATEGORY B - High-Frequency Topics

Appear in at least 60-70% of papers - must prepare these

6. Autopsy / Post-Mortem Examination

  • Types: medicolegal vs clinical autopsy
  • Procedure of medicolegal autopsy (PM) step by step
  • Exhumation - definition, procedure, indications
  • Inquest - types (police, magistrate, coroner)
  • Duties of a doctor at scene of crime/death

7. Identification

  • Methods of identification - Bertillon system, Locard exchange principle
  • Fingerprints - types (whorl, loop, arch), Galton details, dactylography
  • DNA fingerprinting - VNTR, STR, uses
  • Age estimation from teeth (eruption charts) and bones (epiphyseal fusion)
  • Sex determination from skeleton, pelvis, skull
  • Height estimation from long bones (Pearson's formula)

8. Medical Negligence & Professional Misconduct

  • Bolam test / Bolitho modification
  • Essential elements of negligence (duty, breach, causation, damage)
  • Criminal negligence (IPC 304A)
  • Infamous conduct vs professional misconduct
  • MCI / NMC disciplinary procedures, penal erasure

9. Alcohol / Ethyl Alcohol Poisoning

  • Absorption, blood alcohol levels and their effects
  • Acute vs chronic alcoholism features
  • Medicolegal significance - drunkenness examination
  • Denatured spirit, methyl alcohol poisoning - difference

10. Corrosive & Irritant Poisons

  • Strong acids (sulphuric/hydrochloric) - features, PM findings
  • Strong alkalis (caustic soda) - features
  • Carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning
  • Arsenic poisoning - acute vs chronic; Reinsch test, Marsh test
  • Copper sulphate (used in India for pest control)

🟡 CATEGORY C - Moderate Frequency

Appear in about 40-50% of papers - prepare at least key concepts

11. Consent & Dying Declaration

  • Types of consent (informed, implied, express, proxy, therapeutic privilege)
  • Exceptions to consent
  • Dying declaration - types, evidentiary value, conditions, IPC 32
  • Dying deposition - difference from declaration

12. Forensic Psychiatry

  • Unsoundness of mind - IPC 84, McNaughten rules
  • Types of mental disorders with medicolegal relevance
  • Testamentary capacity
  • Fitness to stand trial
  • Lucid interval

13. Injuries - Burns & Scalds

  • Classification of burns (degree I-IV)
  • Antemortem vs postmortem burns - differences
  • Pugilistic attitude
  • Rule of nines - body surface area estimation
  • Scald marks vs flame burns

14. Snakebite / Neurotoxic Poisons

  • Neurotoxic vs hemotoxic snakes (cobra/krait vs viper/Russell's viper)
  • Features and treatment of snakebite
  • Anti-snake venom - polyvalent
  • Medicolegal aspects of snakebite deaths

15. Infanticide & Neonaticide

  • Hydrostatic test (lung flotation test) for live birth
  • Distinction: stillbirth vs live birth vs neonatal death
  • Signs of maturity of fetus
  • Precipitate labour defense
  • IPC 302 vs IPC 318 - infanticide vs concealment

🟢 CATEGORY D - Lower Yield (The remaining 20%)

These form ~80% of the syllabus volume but contribute only ~20% of marks - read only if time permits
  • History of forensic medicine
  • Racial identification features
  • Dermatoglyphics beyond fingerprints
  • Organic poisons (dhatura, nux vomica, aconite) - brief features
  • Sedative/hypnotic overdose (barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
  • Opioid poisoning details beyond basics
  • Cannabis poisoning
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning (moderate yield - some universities ask more)
  • Cyanide poisoning
  • Nitrite poisoning
  • Medical certification of cause of death (MCCD forms - more practical exam)
  • Medico-legal certificates - types and formats
  • Clinical forensic medicine (injury reports in living)
  • Forensic odontology details
  • Forensic ballistics beyond basic entry/exit wound
  • DNA beyond STR/PCR concepts
  • Forensic accounting, DNA databanks
  • Ethics codes (Hippocratic, Declaration of Geneva etc.) - occasional MCQ
  • Consumer Protection Act for doctors
  • Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA) - occasional SAQ

📊 Summary Prioritization Table

CategoryTopics (approx.)% of Exam MarksTime to Invest
🔴 A - Must Know5 topics~45% of marks50% of study time
🟠 B - High Yield5 topics~25% of marks25% of study time
🟡 C - Moderate5 topics~15% of marks15% of study time
🟢 D - Low Yield~20+ topics~15% of marks10% of study time

📝 KNRUHS-Specific Exam Tips

  1. LAQ (essay) format: Asphyxia, OPC poisoning, and Rape examination are the most common 10-mark questions. Write with clear subheadings, medicolegal importance paragraphs, and relevant IPC sections.
  2. SAQ format: Rigor mortis, drowning signs, Marsh test, dying declaration, Bolam test - write in 5-7 precise points.
  3. MCQs/IBQs: Focus on medicolegal age cutoffs (7 yr, 12 yr, 14 yr, 18 yr), IPC sections (304A, 375, 376, 302, 318, 84), and toxicology antidotes.
  4. KS Narayan Reddy (Essentials of FMT) is the standard KNRUHS textbook - follow this book's terminology.
  5. For practicals: Certificate writing (wound/injury report, drunkenness certificate, MCCD), specimen identification (poisons, bones, instruments), and X-ray age estimation are the most practical exam components.

Bottom line: Master Categories A and B fully (10 topics) - they reliably deliver ~70% of your theory marks. Skim Category C for SAQ and MCQ coverage. Category D can be treated as optional given time constraints.

Create a quick-reference cheat sheet with IPC sections, toxicology antidotes, and medicolegal cutoffs

Reading File
Reading File
Running Command

ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null && mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/fmt-…

Writing File

~/fmt-cheatsheet/build.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_WIDE"; // 13.3 x 7.5 inches
pres.title = "FMT Quick-Reference Cheat Sheet – KNRUHS";

// ─── PALETTE ───────────────────────────────────────────────
const BG_DARK   = "0D1B2A";  // navy
const BG_MED    = "1B2838";  // dark slate
const ACCENT1   = "E63946";  // red
const ACCENT2   = "F4A261";  // amber
const ACCENT3   = "2EC4B6";  // teal
const ACCENT4   = "8338EC";  // purple
const WHITE     = "FFFFFF";
const LIGHT     = "E0E7EF";
const GREY      = "A0AEC0";
const YELLOW    = "FFD60A";

// ─── HELPER: section header bar ───────────────────────────
function headerBar(slide, title, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.72, fill: { color } });
  slide.addText(title, {
    x: 0.25, y: 0, w: 12.8, h: 0.72,
    fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: WHITE, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
}

// ─── HELPER: colored badge ─────────────────────────────────
function badge(slide, text, x, y, w, h, bg, fg) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, { x, y, w, h, fill: { color: bg }, rectRadius: 0.08 });
  slide.addText(text, { x, y, w, h, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: fg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
}

// ─── HELPER: section label ─────────────────────────────────
function sectionLabel(slide, text, x, y, w, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x, y, w, h: 0.28, fill: { color } });
  slide.addText(text, { x, y, w, h: 0.28, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: WHITE, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
}

// ─── HELPER: table helper ─────────────────────────────────
function addTable(slide, rows, x, y, w, colW, opts = {}) {
  slide.addTable(rows, {
    x, y, w,
    colW,
    fontSize: opts.fontSize || 9.5,
    fontFace: "Calibri",
    border: { pt: 0.5, color: opts.borderColor || "334155" },
    ...opts
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 — TITLE SLIDE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: BG_DARK };

  // Top accent strip
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: ACCENT1 } });

  // Red vertical bar
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.5, y: 1.0, w: 0.12, h: 4.2, fill: { color: ACCENT1 } });

  s.addText("FMT", {
    x: 0.85, y: 0.95, w: 11, h: 1.6,
    fontSize: 96, bold: true, color: WHITE, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
  });
  s.addText("Quick-Reference Cheat Sheet", {
    x: 0.85, y: 2.45, w: 11, h: 0.6,
    fontSize: 28, bold: false, color: ACCENT2, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
  });
  s.addText("Forensic Medicine & Toxicology  |  KNRUHS MBBS Final Year", {
    x: 0.85, y: 3.05, w: 11, h: 0.45,
    fontSize: 17, color: LIGHT, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
  });

  // 3 subject pills
  const pills = [
    { label: "IPC Sections", color: ACCENT1 },
    { label: "Toxicology Antidotes", color: ACCENT3 },
    { label: "Medicolegal Cutoffs", color: ACCENT2 },
  ];
  pills.forEach((p, i) => {
    badge(s, p.label, 0.85 + i * 3.1, 3.7, 2.8, 0.42, p.color, WHITE);
  });

  s.addText("Based on KNRUHS exam pattern & KS Narayan Reddy (FMT)", {
    x: 0.85, y: 6.9, w: 11, h: 0.35,
    fontSize: 10, color: GREY, italic: true, margin: 0
  });

  // Bottom strip
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0, y: 7.32, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: ACCENT3 } });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 — IPC SECTIONS (Part 1): Injuries, Death, Sexual
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: BG_DARK };
  headerBar(s, "IPC SECTIONS  —  Part 1: Injuries · Death · Sexual Offences", ACCENT1);

  // ── Col 1: Injuries & Hurt
  sectionLabel(s, "HURT & INJURIES", 0.18, 0.85, 3.9, ACCENT1);
  const injTable = [
    [{ text: "Section", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Offence", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["IPC 319", "Hurt"],
    ["IPC 320", "Grievous Hurt (8 kinds)"],
    ["IPC 321", "Voluntarily causing Hurt"],
    ["IPC 322", "Voluntarily causing Grievous Hurt"],
    ["IPC 323", "Punishment for Hurt (1 yr / ₹1000)"],
    ["IPC 325", "Punishment for Grievous Hurt (7 yr)"],
    ["IPC 326", "Hurt by dangerous weapon (10 yr/life)"],
    ["IPC 334", "Hurt on Provocation (1 month)"],
    ["IPC 304A", "Death by Negligence (2 yr / fine)"],
    ["IPC 299", "Culpable Homicide"],
    ["IPC 300", "Murder"],
    ["IPC 302", "Punishment – Murder (death/life)"],
    ["IPC 304", "Culpable Homicide not amounting to murder"],
    ["IPC 306", "Abetment of Suicide"],
  ];
  injTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, injTable, 0.18, 1.15, 4.0, [1.1, 2.9], { fontSize: 9, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // ── Col 2: Sexual offences
  sectionLabel(s, "SEXUAL OFFENCES", 4.5, 0.85, 4.1, "B5179E");
  const sexTable = [
    [{ text: "Section", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Offence", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["IPC 375", "Definition of Rape (7 acts)"],
    ["IPC 376", "Punishment for Rape (7 yr – life)"],
    ["IPC 376A", "Rape → death/vegetative state (20 yr-life)"],
    ["IPC 376B", "Intercourse by husband during separation"],
    ["IPC 376C", "Intercourse by authority (5–10 yr)"],
    ["IPC 376D", "Gang Rape (20 yr – life)"],
    ["IPC 376E", "Repeat offenders (life/death)"],
    ["POCSO S.3", "Penetrative sexual assault on child"],
    ["POCSO S.4", "Punishment – 7 yr to life"],
    ["IPC 377", "Unnatural offences (sodomy, 10 yr-life)"],
    ["IPC 354", "Outraging modesty of woman (1–5 yr)"],
    ["IPC 509", "Word/gesture insulting modesty (1 yr)"],
    ["IPC 312", "Causing miscarriage (3 yr)"],
    ["IPC 313", "Miscarriage without consent (life)"],
  ];
  sexTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, sexTable, 4.5, 1.15, 4.2, [1.2, 3.0], { fontSize: 9, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // ── Col 3: Misc
  sectionLabel(s, "DEATH / MISC", 8.9, 0.85, 4.2, ACCENT3);
  const miscTable = [
    [{ text: "Section", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Offence/Description", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["IPC 174", "Police Inquest"],
    ["IPC 176", "Magistrate Inquest"],
    ["IPC 39", "Duty to give info of offences"],
    ["IPC 32", "Dying Declaration as evidence"],
    ["IPC 45", "Medical Opinion / Expert Evidence"],
    ["IPC 84", "Act of person of unsound mind (McNaughten)"],
    ["IPC 85", "Intoxication by another – no responsibility"],
    ["IPC 86", "Voluntary intoxication – reduced intent"],
    ["IPC 302", "Murder – punishment (death/life)"],
    ["IPC 318", "Concealment of birth (2 yr)"],
    ["IPC 315", "Act to prevent child being born alive"],
    ["IPC 316", "Act causing death of quick unborn child"],
    ["IPC 304B", "Dowry Death (7 yr – life)"],
    ["IPC 498A", "Cruelty to wife (3 yr)"],
  ];
  miscTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, miscTable, 8.9, 1.15, 4.2, [1.15, 3.05], { fontSize: 9, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  s.addText("Slide 2 of 5  |  FMT Cheat Sheet – KNRUHS", {
    x: 0.2, y: 7.25, w: 12.9, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, color: GREY, align: "right", margin: 0
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 3 — IPC SECTIONS (Part 2): Negligence, Consent, Ethics + CrPC/Evidence
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: BG_DARK };
  headerBar(s, "IPC SECTIONS  —  Part 2: Negligence · Consent · Evidence · Abortion · Psychiatry", ACCENT4);

  // Col 1: Negligence & Ethics
  sectionLabel(s, "NEGLIGENCE & ETHICS", 0.18, 0.85, 4.0, ACCENT4);
  const negTable = [
    [{ text: "Section/Act", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Key Point", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["IPC 304A", "Criminal negligence – 2 yr / fine / both"],
    ["IPC 80", "Accident – no criminal liability"],
    ["IPC 88", "Act for benefit of person (no consent needed)"],
    ["IPC 89", "Act done for child / insane person"],
    ["IPC 92", "Act done in good faith even without consent"],
    ["Consumer Protection Act 1986 / 2019", "Medical services covered; deficiency in service"],
    ["Bolam Test (1957)", "Doctor judged by standard of same specialty"],
    ["Bolitho Modification", "Expert opinion must be logically defensible"],
    ["Res Ipsa Loquitur", "Negligence speaks for itself (no expert needed)"],
    ["NMC Act 2019", "Replaces MCI; governs medical registration"],
    ["Clinical Estab. Act 2010", "Regulates hospitals/clinics"],
  ];
  negTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, negTable, 0.18, 1.15, 4.1, [1.6, 2.5], { fontSize: 8.5, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // Col 2: Evidence & Inquest
  sectionLabel(s, "EVIDENCE & INQUEST", 4.5, 0.85, 4.1, "0077B6");
  const evTable = [
    [{ text: "Section/Rule", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Relevance", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["CrPC 174", "Police inquest (Executive Magistrate area)"],
    ["CrPC 176", "Magistrate inquest – dowry, rape, custodial deaths"],
    ["Sec 32 IEA", "Dying declaration – admissible even w/o oath"],
    ["Sec 45 IEA", "Expert opinion admissible (doctor as expert)"],
    ["Sec 46 IEA", "Facts bearing upon expert opinion"],
    ["Sec 118 IEA", "Who can testify – anyone who can understand"],
    ["Sec 133 IEA", "Accomplice can be witness"],
    ["CrPC 164", "Statement to Magistrate (confession)"],
    ["CrPC 313", "Examination of accused"],
    ["Evidence Act Sec 27", "Discovery of facts on accused's info"],
    ["Sec 112 IEA", "Legitimacy of child (born during wedlock)"],
  ];
  evTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, evTable, 4.5, 1.15, 4.2, [1.55, 2.65], { fontSize: 8.5, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // Col 3: Abortion & Psychiatry
  sectionLabel(s, "ABORTION & PSYCHIATRY", 8.9, 0.85, 4.22, "E76F51");
  const abTable = [
    [{ text: "Section/Act", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Key Point", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["IPC 312", "Causing miscarriage (3 yr / 7 yr if woman)"],
    ["IPC 313", "Without consent – life imprisonment"],
    ["IPC 315", "Preventing child from being born alive"],
    ["MTP Act 1971 (Amended 2021)", "Termination of pregnancy up to 24 wks"],
    ["MTP – Gestational Limits", "≤20 wk: 1 doctor; 20–24 wk: 2 doctors; any wk if fetal anomaly/rape/minor"],
    ["IPC 84", "Insanity defense – McNaughten Rules"],
    ["Mental Healthcare Act 2017", "Replaces Mental Health Act 1987"],
    ["MHA 2017 Sec 3", "Right to access mental healthcare"],
    ["MHA 2017 Sec 20–28", "Admission: Voluntary / Independent / Supported"],
    ["IPC 309", "Attempt to suicide (decriminalized 2017)"],
    ["Mental Healthcare Act S.115", "Presumption of mental illness in attempt to suicide"],
    ["IPC 376 Proviso", "Rape within marriage (wife <18 yr): yes offence"],
  ];
  abTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, abTable, 8.9, 1.15, 4.22, [1.65, 2.57], { fontSize: 8.2, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  s.addText("Slide 3 of 5  |  FMT Cheat Sheet – KNRUHS", {
    x: 0.2, y: 7.25, w: 12.9, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, color: GREY, align: "right", margin: 0
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 4 — TOXICOLOGY ANTIDOTES
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: BG_DARK };
  headerBar(s, "TOXICOLOGY ANTIDOTES  —  Quick Reference", ACCENT3);

  sectionLabel(s, "SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES", 0.18, 0.82, 12.9, ACCENT3);

  const antidoteRows = [
    // Header
    [
      { text: "Poison / Drug", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
      { text: "Antidote / Specific Treatment", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
      { text: "Key Notes", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
      { text: "Poison / Drug", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
      { text: "Antidote / Treatment", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
      { text: "Key Notes", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
    ],
    // Row 1
    [
      { text: "Organophosphorus (OPC)", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "Atropine + Pralidoxime (PAM)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "PAM within 24–48 hr; atropinize fully (dry secretions)", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Within 8 hr most effective; also methionine", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 2
    [
      { text: "Carbamates (CARB)", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "Atropine ONLY (NO PAM)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "PAM contraindicated in carbamates!", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "Iron (Fe) poisoning", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "Desferrioxamine (Deferoxamine)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "IV infusion; also supportive care", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 3
    [
      { text: "Opioids (Morphine, Heroin)", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "Naloxone (Narcan)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "0.4–2 mg IV; repeat q2–3 min; short half-life", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Methanol / Ethylene glycol", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "Ethanol or Fomepizole (4-MP)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Competitive substrate; also folate for methanol", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 4
    [
      { text: "Benzodiazepines", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "Flumazenil", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Short acting; avoid in mixed TCA overdose", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Arsenic / Heavy metals", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "BAL (British Anti Lewisite / Dimercaprol)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Also DMSA for mild-moderate; for Mercury, Lead", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 5
    [
      { text: "Cyanide (HCN, Prussic acid)", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "Amyl nitrite → Sodium nitrite → Sodium thiosulfate", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Hydroxocobalamin IV is modern antidote", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Lead (Pb) poisoning", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "EDTA (Ca-EDTA) / DMSA (Succimer)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "DMSA oral for mild; EDTA IV for severe", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 6
    [
      { text: "Carbon Monoxide (CO)", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "100% O₂ (normobaric); hyperbaric O₂", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "HBO for severe/COHb >25%; cardiac/neuro involvement", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Mercury (Hg)", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "BAL (Dimercaprol) / DMSA", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Organic mercury (MeHg): DMSA preferred", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 7
    [
      { text: "Warfarin / Rodenticides (superwarfarin)", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "Vitamin K (Phytonadione)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Vit K1 IV/oral; FFP for immediate reversal", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Copper Sulphate (vitriol)", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "D-Penicillamine (specific chelator)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Also supportive; remove from exposure", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 8
    [
      { text: "Digoxin / Digitalis glycosides", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "Digoxin-Specific Fab antibody fragments", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "DigiFab/Digibind; also correct K+/Mg2+", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Heparin (anticoagulant)", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "Protamine Sulfate", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "1 mg per 100 IU heparin; slow IV", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 9
    [
      { text: "Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Alkalinize blood pH to 7.45–7.55; QRS >100 ms", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Anticholinergic (Atropine, Dhatura)", options: { color: ACCENT1, bold: true } },
      { text: "Physostigmine (Neostigmine)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Reverse CNS + peripheral effects", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 10
    [
      { text: "Beta-Blockers (propranolol OD)", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "Glucagon + Atropine + High-dose Insulin", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Glucagon bypasses receptor; ECMO in refractory", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Fluoride / Oxalate", options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } },
      { text: "Calcium Gluconate IV", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Corrects hypocalcemia; also for HF acid, Ca-channel blockers", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 11
    [
      { text: "Cobra / Neurotoxic Snakebite", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "Polyvalent Anti-Snake Venom (ASV)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Neostigmine + Atropine for neostigmine-responsive cases", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Methemoglobin (nitrites, dapsone)", options: { color: ACCENT3, bold: true } },
      { text: "Methylene Blue 1–2 mg/kg IV", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Reduces MetHb; repeat if needed; avoid in G6PD deficiency", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
    // Row 12
    [
      { text: "Isoniazid (INH) overdose", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "Pyridoxine (Vit B6)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Gram for gram dose; controls seizures", options: { color: LIGHT } },
      { text: "Hydrofluoric (HF) acid", options: { color: ACCENT4, bold: true } },
      { text: "Calcium Gluconate (topical + IV)", options: { color: WHITE } },
      { text: "Topical gel first; IV for systemic fluoride toxicity", options: { color: LIGHT } },
    ],
  ];

  addTable(s, antidoteRows, 0.18, 1.1, 12.94,
    [2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.0, 2.2, 2.14],
    { fontSize: 8.2, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED, colW: [2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.0, 2.2, 2.14] }
  );

  // Memory tip
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.18, y: 6.82, w: 12.94, h: 0.4, fill: { color: "1e293b" } });
  s.addText("⚡ MEMORY AIDS: OPC → 'A+P' (Atropine + PAM)  |  Carbamate → Atropine ONLY (no PAM!)  |  Opioid → Naloxone  |  BZD → Flumazenil  |  Cyanide → Hydroxycobalamin (modern) / Nitrite-Thiosulfate  |  Paracetamol → NAC  |  CO → O₂", {
    x: 0.25, y: 6.85, w: 12.8, h: 0.34, fontSize: 8.5, bold: true, color: YELLOW, margin: 0
  });

  s.addText("Slide 4 of 5  |  FMT Cheat Sheet – KNRUHS", {
    x: 0.2, y: 7.25, w: 12.9, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, color: GREY, align: "right", margin: 0
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 5 — MEDICOLEGAL CUTOFFS & KEY NUMBERS
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: BG_DARK };
  headerBar(s, "MEDICOLEGAL CUTOFFS  —  Age Thresholds · Legal Limits · Forensic Numbers", ACCENT2);

  // ── COL 1: Age cutoffs
  sectionLabel(s, "AGE-RELATED CUTOFFS", 0.18, 0.85, 4.0, ACCENT2);
  const ageTable = [
    [{ text: "Age", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Legal/Medicolegal Significance", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["< 7 years", "Doli incapax – no criminal responsibility"],
    ["7–12 years", "Partial responsibility (court judges maturity)"],
    ["12 years", "Age of discretion – POCSO child ≤18 yr"],
    ["< 14 years", "Child labour prohibited (Child Labour Act)"],
    ["< 16 years", "Consent to sex = rape (IPC 375)"],
    ["< 18 years", "Juvenile – Juvenile Justice Act"],
    ["< 18 years (girl)", "Child marriage (Prohibition) Act – girl"],
    ["< 21 years (boy)", "Child marriage – boy"],
    ["18 years", "Age of consent (sexual intercourse)"],
    ["18 years", "Voting age; driving license (LMV)"],
    ["18 years", "MTP Act – no parental consent needed"],
    ["21 years", "Full legal capacity; driving heavy vehicle"],
    ["< 20 weeks", "MTP – 1 doctor can terminate (routine)"],
    ["20–24 weeks", "MTP – 2 doctors needed (special category)"],
    ["Any gestation", "MTP allowed – rape/fetal anomaly/contraception failure"],
    ["45 days", "Sperm motility detectable in vagina post coitus"],
    ["72 hours", "Sperm identifiable in vagina (non-motile)"],
  ];
  ageTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, ageTable, 0.18, 1.13, 4.1, [1.1, 3.0], { fontSize: 8.5, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // ── COL 2: Alcohol / Thanatology numbers
  sectionLabel(s, "ALCOHOL LEVELS & THANATOLOGY", 4.5, 0.85, 4.1, ACCENT3);
  const alcTable = [
    [{ text: "Level / Time", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Effect / Finding", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["30 mg/100 mL", "Mild euphoria, slight impairment"],
    ["50 mg/100 mL", "Legal limit for driving in India (MV Act)"],
    ["80 mg/100 mL", "UK legal limit; marked impairment"],
    ["100 mg/100 mL", "Drunkenness; incoordination"],
    ["200 mg/100 mL", "Stupor; severe CNS depression"],
    ["300 mg/100 mL", "Coma risk"],
    ["≥ 400 mg/100 mL", "Usually fatal (respiratory arrest)"],
    ["--- THANATOLOGY ---", "--- Post-mortem changes ---"],
    ["0–3 hrs", "Algor mortis starts (1°C / hr cooling)"],
    ["3–6 hrs", "Rigor mortis begins (jaw, neck)"],
    ["12 hrs", "Rigor mortis fully established"],
    ["24–48 hrs", "Rigor mortis passes off"],
    ["36–72 hrs", "Early putrefaction – green discoloration (R iliac fossa)"],
    ["3–10 days", "Bloating, skin-slippage"],
    ["1 month+", "Adipocere / Mummification (dry climate)"],
    ["--- LIVIDITY ---", "--- Hypostasis ---"],
    ["30 min–2 hr", "Lividity appears"],
    ["6–8 hr", "Fixation of lividity begins"],
    ["12 hr", "Fully fixed (not blanchable)"],
  ];
  alcTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      const isHeader = (row[0] === "--- THANATOLOGY ---" || row[0] === "--- LIVIDITY ---");
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: isHeader ? ACCENT3 : ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: isHeader ? ACCENT3 : LIGHT, bold: isHeader } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, alcTable, 4.5, 1.13, 4.2, [1.45, 2.75], { fontSize: 8.2, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  // ── COL 3: Forensic key numbers
  sectionLabel(s, "KEY FORENSIC NUMBERS & LIMITS", 8.9, 0.85, 4.22, ACCENT1);
  const numTable = [
    [{ text: "Item", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } },
     { text: "Value / Rule", options: { bold: true, color: YELLOW, fill: { color: "1e293b" } } }],
    ["Rule of 9 (Burns)", "Head 9%, Each arm 9%, Each leg 18%, Trunk ant 18%, Trunk post 18%, Perineum 1%"],
    ["Vitreous K+ for TSD", "Rises 0.14 mmol/L/hr after death"],
    ["Diatom test", "Silicified algae in bone marrow = antemortem drowning"],
    ["Lung flotation test", "Lungs float = air breathed (live birth) vs sink = stillborn"],
    ["Fatal dose – Arsenic", "120–180 mg (As2O3)"],
    ["Fatal dose – Cyanide", "50–60 mg (HCN gas); 100–300 mg (KCN/NaCN)"],
    ["Fatal dose – OPC", "Varies widely by compound"],
    ["Fatal dose – CO", "COHb >50% usually fatal"],
    ["Fatal dose – Alcohol", "400–500 mg/100 mL blood"],
    ["Snakebite – ASV", "≥10 vials polyvalent IV (repeated if needed)"],
    ["Grievous Hurt – 8 kinds", "Emasculation, loss of sight, hearing, joint, limb, deformity, life-endanger, >20 day incapacity"],
    ["Hymen – forensic", "Not reliable indicator of virginity; elastic in many"],
    ["Age of bone fusion – medial clavicle", "25 yr = last epiphysis to fuse (oldest reliable)"],
    ["Ossification – iliac crest", "Fuses at 21–25 yr"],
    ["PITS mnemonic (antemortem burns)", "Pain, Inflammatory reaction, Tissue charring, Smell – all present"],
    ["Carbon monoxide – cherry red lividity", "Carboxyhemoglobin >20–30%"],
    ["McIndoe test", "Confirms seminal fluid (acid phosphatase test)"],
    ["Locard exchange principle", "Every contact leaves a trace"],
    ["Bertillon system", "First scientific identification method (11 body measurements)"],
  ];
  numTable.forEach((row, i) => {
    if (i > 0) {
      row[0] = { text: row[0], options: { color: ACCENT2, bold: true } };
      row[1] = { text: row[1], options: { color: LIGHT } };
    }
  });
  addTable(s, numTable, 8.9, 1.13, 4.22, [1.85, 2.37], { fontSize: 8, color: LIGHT, fill: BG_MED });

  s.addText("Slide 5 of 5  |  FMT Cheat Sheet – KNRUHS  |  Based on KS Narayan Reddy & CBME syllabus", {
    x: 0.2, y: 7.25, w: 12.9, h: 0.22, fontSize: 7.5, color: GREY, align: "right", margin: 0
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// WRITE FILE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/fmt-cheatsheet/FMT_CheatSheet_KNRUHS.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("DONE: FMT_CheatSheet_KNRUHS.pptx created"))
  .catch(e => { console.error("ERROR:", e); process.exit(1); });
Running Command

cd /home/daytona/workspace/fmt-cheatsheet && node build.js 2>&1

Running Command

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/fmt-cheatsheet/FMT_CheatSheet_KNRUHS.pptx

Your cheat sheet is ready! Download it here:

FMT CheatSheet KNRUHS

Presentation · PPTX


What's inside (5 slides, wide format):

Slide 1 - Title / Cover

Clean navy dark theme with red, amber, and teal accents. Subject pills for quick orientation.

Slide 2 - IPC Sections Part 1

Three color-coded columns covering:
  • Hurt & Injuries - IPC 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 334, 304A, 299, 300, 302, 304, 306
  • Sexual Offences - IPC 375, 376 (A/B/C/D/E), POCSO S.3/S.4, IPC 377, 354, 509, 312, 313
  • Death / Misc - CrPC 174/176, IPC 32, 45, 84, 85, 86, 318, 315, 316, 304B, 498A

Slide 3 - IPC Sections Part 2

  • Negligence & Ethics - IPC 304A, Bolam test, Bolitho, Res Ipsa Loquitur, NMC Act, Consumer Protection Act
  • Evidence & Inquest - CrPC 174/176, IEA Sec 32/45/46/118, CrPC 164/313
  • Abortion & Psychiatry - MTP Act 2021 gestational limits, IPC 312/313/315, Mental Healthcare Act 2017, IPC 84/309

Slide 4 - Toxicology Antidotes

A full 12-row two-panel table with 24 poisons and their specific antidotes + key notes: OPC, Carbamates, Opioids, BZD, Cyanide, CO, Warfarin, Digoxin, TCAs, Beta-blockers, Snakebite, Paracetamol, Iron, Methanol, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, Copper sulphate, Anticholinergics, INH, Methemoglobinemia, HF acid, and more. Plus a yellow memory-aid bar at the bottom.

Slide 5 - Medicolegal Cutoffs

  • Age cutoffs - Doli incapax (7 yr), consent (18 yr), MTP limits, POCSO, JJA, and sperm viability timelines
  • Alcohol levels - 30 to 400 mg/100 mL effects + India's legal driving limit (50 mg/100 mL)
  • Thanatology timelines - Rigor, lividity, putrefaction, adipocere
  • Key forensic numbers - Rule of 9, fatal doses, Locard, Bertillon, hymen, bone fusion ages, diatom test, lung flotation test, and more
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.