Tamak Shwas Chikitsa Sutra Shloka with Reference Refer Charak Samhita
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तमक श्वास चिकित्सा सूत्र - Tamaka Shwasa Chikitsa Sutras
Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Adhyaya 17 (Hikka-Shwasa Chikitsa)
1. परिभाषा एवं स्वभाव (Definition & Nature)
Tamaka Shwasa is classified under the 5 types of Shwasa. According to Acharya Charaka, it is a Yapya Vyadhi (palliative/manageable disease) - the patient must depend on medicines for relief. A fresh/new case however is Sadhya (curable).
- It is a Kapha-Vataja Vikara whose origin (Adhisthana) is in Pitta Sthana (Amashaya).
- It is considered "Prana Peedaka" - life-threatening.
2. लक्षण (Lakshana / Symptoms) — Ch. Sa. Chikitsa 17/33-40
The key shlokas describing Tamaka Shwasa symptoms:
श्लोक 33-34 (Shloka 33-34)
प्रतिलोमं यदा वायुः स्रोतांसि प्रतिपद्यते | ग्रीवां शिरश्च सङ्गृह्य श्लेष्माणं समुदीर्य च ||33||करोति पीनसं तेन रुद्धो घुर्घुरुकं तथा | अतीव तीव्रवेगं च श्वासं प्राणप्रपीडकम् ||34||
Transliteration:
pratilomam yadā vāyuḥ srotāṃsi pratipadyate |
grīvāṃ śiraśca saṅgṛhya śleṣmāṇaṃ samudīrya ca ||33||
karoti pīnasaṃ tena ruddho ghurghurukam tathā |
atīva tīvravegaṃ ca śvāsaṃ prāṇaprapīḍakam ||34||
Meaning: When Vayu moves in a reverse (Pratiloma) direction and obstructs the Srotamsi (channels), holding on to the neck and head and agitating Kapha, it causes Pinasa (rhinitis), Ghurghuruka (wheezing/rattling sound), and an intensely severe dyspnea that torments the vital force (Prana).
Reference: Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/33-34
श्लोक 35 (Shloka 35 - Pratyagata Vega & Timing)
प्रतामयत्यतिवेगाच्च कासते सन्निरुध्यते | प्रमोहं कासमानश्च स गच्छति मुहुर्मुहुः ||35||
Meaning: The patient is overpowered by episodes, coughs with great difficulty (the cough is restrained/suppressed), and repeatedly goes into a state of stupor/fainting.
Reference: Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/35
श्लोक 36-40 (Shlokas 36-40 - More Lakshanas)
श्लेष्मण्युच्यमाने तु भृशं भवति दुःखितः | तस्यैव च विमोक्षान्ते मुहूर्तं लभते सुखम् ||36||अथास्योद्ध्वंसते कण्ठः कृच्छ्राच्छक्नोति भाषितुम् | न चापि निद्रां लभते शयानः श्वासपीडितः ||37||पार्श्वे तस्यावगृह्णाति शयानस्य समीरणः | आसीनो लभते सौख्यमुष्णं चैवाभिनन्दति ||40||
Meaning:
- (36): When Kapha is expelled, the patient suffers greatly; only after complete expectoration does he get brief relief.
- (37): The throat is seized with difficulty; the patient cannot speak easily and gets no sleep while lying down.
- (40): Lying down worsens the condition (Vayu grips the flanks); sitting up brings relief; the patient desires warm things (Ushna Abhilasha).
Reference: Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/36-40
3. चिकित्सा सूत्र (Chikitsa Sutras) — The Core Treatment Principles
मूल चिकित्सा सूत्र श्लोक 121-122 (Primary Chikitsa Sutra)
कासिने च्छर्दनं दद्यात् स्वरभङ्गे च बुद्धिमान् | वातश्लेष्महरैर्युक्तं तमके तु विरेचनम् ||121||उदीर्यते भृशतरं मार्गरोधाद्वहज्जलम् | यथा तथाऽनिलस्तस्य मार्गं नित्यं विशोधयेत् ||122||
Transliteration:
kāsine cchardanaṃ dadyāt svarabhaṅge ca buddhimān |
vātaśleṣmahairryuktaṃ tamake tu virecanam ||121||
udīryate bṛśataraṃ mārgarodhādvahajjalam |
yathā tathā'nilastasya mārgaṃ nityaṃ viśodhayet ||122||
Meaning:
- A wise physician should administer Vamana (emesis) combined with Vata-Kapha-alleviating drugs for Kasa (cough) and Svarabhaṅga (hoarseness).
- For Tamaka Shwasa, Virechana (purgation) combined with Vata-Kapha-alleviating drugs is indicated.
- Just as obstructed water flows with more force through a blocked channel, similarly Vayu is agitated when the channels are blocked - therefore, the physician must always purify/clear the pathways (Marga Shodhana).
Reference: Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/121-122 (Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthana ed. by Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravi Dutt Tripathi)
4. पूर्वकर्म - Snehana-Swedana (Pre-treatment)
Before Shodhana therapy, Acharya Charaka prescribes:
- Snehana (oleation) followed by Swedana (sudation/fomentation)
- This loosens the Kapha in the channels, then Vamana Karma is performed to expel it
Reference: Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/8
5. औषध चिकित्सा (Drug Therapy) — Key Shlokas
हरीतकी योग (Haritaki Prayoga)
Charaka Chikitsa 1/33: Haritaki is specifically indicated for Tamaka Shwasa. Being Ushna Virya (hot potency), it acts on vitiated Kapha and Vata.
व्याघ्र हरीतकी (Vyaghra Haritaki)
A classical compound preparation - Vyaghra Haritaki (Cha. Sa. 17/2) - is a primary formulation for Tamaka Shwasa.
प्रमुख औषध सूत्र (Key Drug Principles)
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa 17/45:
Medicines, drinks, and food that are:
- Kapha-Vataghna (alleviate Kapha and Vata)
- Ushna Virya (hot in potency)
- Vatanulomana (normalize downward movement of Vata)
...are the ideal Bheshaja (medicines), Pana (drinks), and Anna (food) for Tamaka Shwasa.
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa 17/55-56: Additional formulations
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa 17/63-64: Specific drug combinations
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa 17/138: Further therapeutic guidelines
6. साध्यासाध्यता (Prognosis Sutras)
Cha. Sa. Chikitsa 17 (Prognosis Shloka):
- Tamaka Shwasa = Yapya (can be managed/palliated, patient is dependent on medicines) - in chronic cases
- Nava (fresh) Tamaka Shwasa = Sadhya (curable)
- Sushruta considers it Krichha Sadhya (difficult to cure)
7. संक्षिप्त चिकित्सा क्रम (Summary of Treatment Sequence)
| क्रम | चिकित्सा | संदर्भ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snehana + Swedana (pre-treatment) | Chi. 17/8 |
| 2 | Vamana (for Kapha removal) | Chi. 17/121 |
| 3 | Virechana with Vata-Kapha-hara drugs | Chi. 17/121-122 |
| 4 | Marga Shodhana (channel purification) | Chi. 17/122 |
| 5 | Shamana Chikitsa (palliative) with Ushna, Kapha-Vatahara, Vatanulomana dravyas | Chi. 17/45 |
| 6 | Haritaki / Vyaghra Haritaki yogas | Chi. 17/2, Chi. 1/33 |
मुख्य संदर्भ (Primary References)
- Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Adhyaya 17 (Hikka-Shwasa Chikitsa) - Shlokas 8, 11-16, 33-40, 45, 55-56, 63-64, 121-122, 138
- Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Adhyaya 1/33 (Haritaki in Tamaka Shwasa)
- Edition: Acharya Agnivesha, ed. Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji, Chaukhambha Subharati Prakashan, Varanasi (Reprint 2011)
- Also: ed. Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravi Dutt Tripathi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthana, 2012
Core Chikitsa Sutra in One Line (Shloka 121-122):
"In Tamaka Shwasa, the wise physician must administer Virechana with Vata-Kapha-alleviating drugs and must constantly purify and open the obstructed channels (Marga Shodhana), because obstructed Vayu - like water blocked in a channel - causes even greater havoc."
- Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/121-122
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