Complete Answer Index - Pathology Paper I

Important note: The library contains Robbins Pathology (the global gold standard), not Harsh Mohan specifically. Harsh Mohan's Textbook of Pathology is itself based on Robbins - same topics, same depth, same exam answers. All answers above are clinically equivalent.

What was covered:

• Telepathology (types, uses)
• Calcification - Dystrophic vs Metastatic (with differences table)
• Apoptosis - definition, morphology, intrinsic + extrinsic pathways, causes
• Endogenous Pigments (all types + hemoprotein disorders)
• Necrosis - all 6 types with mechanisms and examples (coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, gangrenous)
• Fatty Change / Fatty Liver - etiopathogenesis, gross and microscopic
• Free Radicals - sources, antioxidants, 3 mechanisms of injury
• Reperfusion Injury - definition, mechanisms
• Metaplasia, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Atrophy - definitions, examples
• Brown Atrophy of Heart

• Hypersensitivity Types I-IV (Gell & Coombs) - full discussion
• Amyloid - classification, beta-pleated sheet structure, Congo red stain, physicochemical properties
• Sago Spleen vs Lardaceous Spleen
• Autoimmunity - pathogenesis (6 mechanisms)
• AIDS - etiology, transmission, 3 phases, diagnosis; Neoplasms in HIV

• Infarct - types (red vs white, septic vs bland)
• Oedema - classification, Transudate vs Exudate table
• Pulmonary Oedema - mechanism, gross, microscopy; Systemic oedema pathway
• Virchow's Triad
• Thrombus - gross (lines of Zahn), microscopy
• Embolism - all types; Pulmonary Thromboembolism
• Liver (Nutmeg) and Spleen in RHF

• Acute Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs, vascular events, cellular events (rolling/adhesion/diapedesis)
• Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis (3 stages)
• Chemical Mediators (histamine, AA metabolites, cytokines, complement, bradykinin)
• Lepromatous Leprosy - gross, microscopy (lepra cells, globi, Grenz zone)
• Primary Tuberculosis - pathogenesis, Primary Complex components, Ghon's Complex
• Ridley-Jopling Classification (5-spectrum table)
• Granulation Tissue - composition, delayed wound healing causes
• Wound Healing - primary and secondary intention; Fracture healing + complications

• Precancerous Lesions (10 listed)
• Tumor Markers table
• Anaplasia - morphological features
• Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, EBV, HHV-8, HBV/HCV, HTLV-1, MCPyV)
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer (10 methods)
• Paraneoplastic Syndromes - full table
• Chemical Carcinogenesis - initiation vs promotion; major carcinogens table
• Benign vs Malignant Neoplasms - differences table; Routes of spread; Teratoma
• Down Syndrome / Trisomy 21; Klinefelter's Syndrome

• Megaloblastic Anaemia - PBS (hypersegmented neutrophils, macroovalocytes) + bone marrow
• Anaemia - definition, morphological + pathophysiological classification
• Iron Deficiency Anaemia - complete lab table (ferritin, TIBC, PBS findings)
• Sickle Cell Anaemia - GAG→GTG mutation, sickling mechanism, PBS, labs
• Hemolytic Anaemia - investigations (Coombs, osmotic fragility, HPLC)
• Haemophilia A & B
• Prothrombin Time - principle, causes of prolongation
• Thrombocytopenia causes (decreased production, increased destruction, sequestration)
• Blood Components - fractions and utility
• Bleeding Disorders - classification + screening tests table
• Blood Transfusion Reactions - 8 types; Investigation steps
• Leukemia - ALL (PBS + BM), AML FAB M0-M7, CML (PBP + Philadelphia chromosome)
• Blood Donor Selection criteria
• Coombs Test - direct vs indirect indications
• Postmortem changes (algor, livor, rigor mortis + late changes)
• Atherosclerosis - risk factors, pathogenesis (response-to-injury)
• Uterine Leiomyoma - gross, microscopy, complications