PHYSIOLOGY Topic: Functional organization of human body Learning Objectives: Lab Define Physiology, describe levels of organization in the body Classify various body fluid compartments and their composition. Understand concept of "internal environment" Learning Objectives: Describe importance of various functions of Physiology lab in medical sciences Topic: Cell membrane and its functions Learning Objectives: Describe structure of cell membrane and its composition Discuss various functions of cell membrane Topic: Cell organelles and their functions (2 lectures) Learning Objectives: Lectures CBL List important cell organelles and their functions Describe abnormalities of cell and its organelles List the various cell organelles and important functions of each. Apply the knowledge of cell organelles functions in pathophysiology of their diseases. Topic: Cell to cell adhesion Learning objectives: Define cell to cell adhesion. Define cell adhesion molecules (CAM), extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell junctions. Classify the cell junctions Explain ECM proteins. Explain all classes of cell junction with their clinical significance. Learning Objectives: Lab Explain transport of substance across cell membrane Learning Objectives: Identify various instruments used in Physiology lab Topic: Transport of substance through cell membrane Active transport and its types Learning Objectives: 14 Understand importance of receptors, ion channels in membrane transport mechanism. Explain mechanism of Active Transport of substances and its types Determine Na-K channels functional importance Differentiate between primary and secondary active transport. Explain Vesicular Transport with examples. Topic: Passive transport, its types and Osmosis Learning Objectives: Lab Explain mechanism of Passive transport and diffusion Discuss factors that affect net rate of diffusion Define and explain osmosis, osmotic pressure, osmolality Describe mechanism of osmosis Demonstrate osmotic fragility test. Topic: Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis Learning objectives: Define genetics and genes Explain the process of transcription and translation. Interpret control of Gene function and biochemical activity in cells Associate DNA-genetic system with cell reproduction Topic: Mitosis, Meiosis and cell differentiation Learning Objectives: CBL: Explain mitosis with its phases Explain meiosis with its phases Discuss mechanism of cell differentiation Learning Objectives: Discuss Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction Topic: Apoptosis, necrosis and cancer CBL Analyze abnormalities of cells in apoptosis, necrosis, cancer and aging Analyze the effects of chromosomal anomalies on gross appearance and physiological functions of human body Clinical feature of this syndrome and name it. Appraise other syndromes of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Topic: Introduction to homeostasis Learning Objectives: Define Homeostasis Explain control systems in the body including Feed forward and feedback mechanisms. Topic: Homeostasis, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal system & lymphatic system Learning Objectives: Discuss role of blood, lymphatic and cardiovascular system to maintain homeostasis Describe functional importance of musculoskeletal system to maintain homeostasis Topic: Homeostasis and endocrine & reproductive system Learning Objectives: Determine significance of endocrinology and reproductive system in homeostasis Topic: Homeostasis and renal and digestive system Learning Objectives: Discuss homeostatic role of renal and digestive system to remove unwanted substance from the body Topic: Homeostasis and respiratory system Learning Objectives: Recognize the importance of respiratory system to maintain homeostasis. Tutorial homeostasis and different systems Learning Objectives: CBL Discuss gain of control system, vicious cycle, and adaptive control of various body systems Analyze the effects of excess or depletion of body fluid on Homeostasis. Discuss pathophysiological features of these diseases. How homeostatic mechanism works in these disease state. Topic: Autonomic nervous system-Introduction, Sympathetic nervous system, Parasympathetic nervous system Learning objectives: CBL Explain general organization of nervous system Describe physiologic anatomy of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Describe sympathetic and parasympathetic "tone" and autonomic reflexes. Discuss basic characteristics of sympathetic function Classify adrenergic receptors Analyze the effects of sympathetic stimulation on specific organs Discuss effect of stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the adrenal medullae Discuss basic characteristics of parasympathetic function Classify cholinergic receptors Analyze the effects of parasympathetic stimulation on specific organs Learning objectives: Evaluate effect of sympathetic system during stress Understand adrenergic and cholinergic receptors location and functions Explain pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Topic: Temperature regulation-Role of hypothalamus Abnormalities of body temperature regulation Learning Objectives: Describe skin and core temperature. Explain various mechanisms of heat production and heat loss Determine role of hypothalamus in temperature regulation. Discuss neuronal effector mechanisms that decrease or increase body temperature Explain concept of a "set-point" for temperature control. Discuss abnormalities of body temperature regulation. Explain resetting the hypothalamic temperature- regulating center in febrile diseases effect of pyrogens Describe pathophysiology of heatstroke Explain pathophysiology of exposure of body to extreme cold Measurement and interpretation of body temperature CBL Apply the knowledge of homeostatic mechanism in regulation of body temperature during various disease states.