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Explain with a animation video
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heart anatomy external features surfaces borders apex base animation video
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heart surfaces borders anatomy 3D animation YouTube sternocostal diaphragmatic
Your textbook pages cover Chapter 21 - Pericardium and Heart, specifically the External Features of the Heart (apex, base, five surfaces, four borders, grooves/sulci, and chambers). Here are the best animation videos that explain exactly what's in those pages:
Heart External Anatomy - Animation Videos
1. Best Match - External & Internal Structures of the Heart (covers apex, base, borders, chambers)
2. Nucleus Medical Media - 3D Heart Anatomy (classic, highly visual, 4.7M+ views)
3. Heart and Major Vessels - 3D Anatomy Tutorial
Summary of What Your Textbook Covers (Pages 268-269)
Here's a quick visual map of the key concepts from your three pages:
EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE HEART
| Feature | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Apex | Formed by left ventricle; points down, forward, left; lies in left 5th ICS at midclavicular line |
| Base (Posterior surface) | Formed by left atrium (2/3) + right atrium (1/3); directed backward and to the right; opposite the apex |
| 5 Surfaces | Posterior, Sternocostal (anterior), Diaphragmatic (inferior), Left, Right |
| 4 Borders | Right (right atrium), Left (left ventricle + auricle), Inferior (right ventricle), Upper (both atria) |
SURFACES IN DETAIL
- Sternocostal (anterior): Mainly right atrium + right ventricle, separated by AV groove anteriorly and anterior interventricular groove
- Diaphragmatic (inferior): Flat, rests on diaphragm; left ventricle (2/3) + right ventricle (1/3), separated by posterior interventricular groove
- Left surface: Mainly left ventricle + left atrium/auricle
- Right surface: Rounded, formed by right atrial wall
3 GROOVES (Sulci) - Demarcate Chambers
- Coronary sulcus (AV groove) - encircles heart, separates atria from ventricles; lodges the right coronary artery (right anterior part) and circumflex branch of left coronary artery (left anterior part); posterior part lodges the coronary sinus
- Anterior interventricular sulcus - separates right and left ventricles on the sternocostal surface; lodges the anterior interventricular artery + great cardiac vein
- Posterior interventricular sulcus - on diaphragmatic surface; lodges posterior interventricular artery + middle cardiac vein
CLINICAL NOTES
- Apex beat is normally felt in the left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
- In children under 7 years: felt in 3rd or 4th intercostal space, lateral to midclavicular line
- Dextrocardia = apex on the right side; if with reversal of all viscera = situs inversus
- On chest X-ray (PA view): left cardiac border = aortic arch + pulmonary trunk + left auricle + left ventricle; right border = SVC + right atrium
For an interactive 3D model specifically showing heart surfaces and borders, check out xranatomy.com's 360° heart model - it's free and lets you rotate the heart to see each surface and border clearly.
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