const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const { execSync } = require("child_process");

// ─── Pastel Palette ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const C = {
  lavender:   "E8E0F0",   // slide bg primary
  mint:       "D6F0E8",   // slide bg alt
  blush:      "FAE0E4",   // slide bg alt 2
  sky:        "D6EAF8",   // slide bg alt 3
  cream:      "FFF8F0",   // slide bg alt 4
  lilacDeep:  "7B5EA7",   // heading text
  teal:       "2E7D6B",   // accent / subheading
  rose:       "C0485A",   // accent warm
  navy:       "2C3E6E",   // body text
  white:      "FFFFFF",
  lightPurp:  "C5B3D9",   // decorative
  lightMint:  "A8D8C8",   // decorative
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};

// Cycle backgrounds
const BG = [C.lavender, C.mint, C.blush, C.sky, C.cream];

function bg(i) { return BG[i % BG.length]; }

// ─── Fetch images as base64 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
const IMG_URLS = {
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};

let images = {};
try {
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  });
  console.log("Images fetched:", Object.keys(images).length);
} catch(e) {
  console.error("Image fetch error:", e.message);
}

// ─── Helper: draw decorative corner accent ────────────────────────────────────
function addCornerAccent(slide, color1, color2) {
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}

// Helper: section header bar
function addHeaderBar(slide, title, bgColor) {
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}

// Helper: add a timeline dot
function timelineDot(slide, x, y, color) {
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}

// ─── Build Presentation ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
let pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title   = "Introduction to Pharmacology";
pres.author  = "Pharmacology Department";

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 — Title Slide
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.teal, charSpacing: 4, fontFace: "Calibri"
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    fontSize: 11, color: C.charcoal, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 — Table of Contents
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    ["02", "Ancient Foundations", "Egypt, Ayurveda, TCM, Greece"],
    ["03", "Early Scientific Era", "17th–18th Century Breakthroughs"],
    ["04", "Academic Foundation", "Buchheim, Schmiedeberg & Beyond"],
    ["05", "Evolution of Modern Pharmacology", "Magic Bullet · Antibiotics · Receptor Theory"],
    ["06", "Biotech & Personalized Medicine", "CRISPR · mAbs · AI Drug Discovery"],
    ["07", "Challenges & Future", "AMR · Ethics · Precision Therapeutics"],
    ["08", "Summary & Conclusion", "Key Takeaways"],
  ];

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}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 3 — What is Pharmacology? (Definition)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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  addHeaderBar(s, "What is Pharmacology?", C.rose);

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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 4 — Overview History Timeline
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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  s.background = { color: C.sky };
  addHeaderBar(s, "A Journey Through Time: History of Pharmacology", C.navy);

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}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 5 — Ancient Egypt: Ebers Papyrus
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 6 — Ayurveda & TCM
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  s.background = { color: C.mint };
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  addHeaderBar(s, "Ancient Traditions: Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine", C.teal);

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    { text: "Rasa Shastra", options: { bold: true, breakLine: true } },
    { text: "Medieval Ayurvedic branch — use of metals, minerals, mercury, herbal compounds. Techniques: purification, calcination, distillation.\n\n", options: { breakLine: false } },
    { text: "Core Concept: ", options: { bold: true } },
    { text: "Balance of three doshas — Vata, Pitta, Kapha. Medicines restore this balance.", options: {} }
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}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 7 — Classical Greek Era
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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      bg: C.mint,
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 8 — 17th Century Scientific Foundations
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 9 — 18th Century: William Withering & Digitalis
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    { text: "(1785) — First systematic description of Digitalis in treating dropsy (edema).\n\n", options: {} },
    { text: "Key Contribution: ", options: { bold: true } },
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    { text: "Legacy: ", options: { bold: true } },
    { text: "Digitalis glycosides still used in atrial fibrillation and heart failure today.", options: {} }
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  s.addText("First isolation of an\nalkaloid — morphine from\nopium (1804)\n\nNamed after Morpheus,\nGod of Dreams\n\nMark of alkaloid chemistry\n& drug isolation era",
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    { text: "🧪 The Aspirin Revolution (1897): ", options: { bold: true, color: C.rose } },
    { text: "Felix Hoffmann at Bayer synthesized acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). First major synthetic drug. Demonstrated importance of drug standardization & commercial production. Paved way for modern pharmaceutical industry.", options: { color: C.navy } }
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 10 — Urea Synthesis & Organic Chemistry
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  addHeaderBar(s, "Breaking Vitalism: Wöhler's Urea Synthesis (1828)", C.teal);

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    ["Impact on Pharmacology", "Led to the decline of vitalism and the rise of modern organic chemistry. Opened the door for synthetic drug manufacturing."],
    ["The Legacy", "Foundation of pharmaceutical chemistry — enabled the systematic synthesis of thousands of medicinal compounds thereafter."],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 11 — Academic Foundation: Rudolf Buchheim
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    ["Mechanism of Action Focus", "Believed medicines should be studied scientifically to understand their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects."],
    ["Discipline Founder", "Transformed pharmacology into an independent scientific discipline. Laid the foundation for modern experimental drug research."],
    ["Teaching Legacy", "Trained generations of pharmacologists who continued to expand experimental methods worldwide."],
    ["Publications", "Authored systematic texts on drug classification and pharmacological action — novel for the 19th century scientific community."],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 12 — Oswald Schmiedeberg & Global Expansion
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    { text: "• Conducted extensive research on drug action on organs\n", options: {} },
    { text: "• Emphasized experimental methods in pharmacological studies\n", options: {} },
    { text: "• Trained pharmacologists from many countries — global influence\n", options: {} },
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  s.addText([
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 13 — Paul Ehrlich & the Magic Bullet
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    ["Legacy", "One of the founders of modern chemotherapy. Transformed pharmacology from empirical to receptor-based science.", C.lilacDeep],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 14 — The Antibiotic Era: Alexander Fleming
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    { year: "1944", event: "Selman Waksman discovers streptomycin — first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.", color: C.rose },
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 15 — Receptor Theory
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  s.addText('"Corpora non agunt nisi fixata" — A substance cannot act unless it is bound.  — Paul Ehrlich', {
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    ["John N. Langley", "Proposed 'receptive substances' in cells. Introduced formal receptor concept."],
    ["A. J. Clark", "Occupancy theory — intensity of drug effect ∝ number of receptors occupied."],
    ["Raymond Ahlquist", "Classified adrenergic receptors into alpha (α) and beta (β) subtypes (1948)."],
    ["Sir James Black", "Developed beta-blockers & H2 antagonists — practical application of receptor theory. Nobel Prize 1988."],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 16 — Pharmacokinetics Deep Dive
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  addHeaderBar(s, "Pharmacokinetics: What the Body Does to the Drug", C.navy);

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    ["M  Metabolism", "Biotransformation (mainly liver). Phase I (CYP450) oxidation, reduction; Phase II conjugation reactions.", C.rose],
    ["E  Excretion", "Elimination via kidneys (urine), bile (feces), lungs, sweat. Renal clearance is key parameter.", C.navy],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 17 — Pharmacodynamics Deep Dive
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 18 — Biotech Revolution
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    { yr: "1973", event: "Recombinant DNA technology — Boyer & Cohen. Genetic manipulation of organisms for therapeutic protein production." },
    { yr: "1975", event: "Monoclonal antibodies — Köhler & Milstein via hybridoma technology. Nobel Prize 1984." },
    { yr: "1982", event: "Recombinant human insulin — first genetically engineered drug approved for human use." },
    { yr: "1990s", event: "Human Genome Project launched. Foundation for pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine." },
    { yr: "2000s", event: "Humanized monoclonal antibodies, targeted cancer therapies, gene therapy vectors." },
    { yr: "2012+", event: "CRISPR-Cas9 — Jennifer Doudna & Emmanuelle Charpentier. Nobel Prize 2020. Genome-level therapeutics." },
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    const col = [C.teal, C.lilacDeep, C.rose, "7B8A4E", C.teal, C.navy][i];
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      fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: col } });
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x, y, w: 0.9, h: 1.12, rectRadius: 0.0,
      fill: { color: col, transparency: 25 }, line: { color: col } });
    s.addText(yr, { x: x+0.02, y, w: 0.86, h: 1.12, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle" });
    s.addText(event, { x: x+1.0, y: y+0.1, w: 3.45, h: 0.9, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.navy, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle" });
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 19 — Monoclonal Antibodies
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.sky };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs): Targeted Pharmacotherapy", C.navy);

  if (images.mabStruct) {
    s.addImage({ data: images.mabStruct, x: 6.8, y: 1.1, w: 2.8, h: 2.9 });
    s.addText("mAb delivery systems\n(monoclonal + nano formulations)",
      { x: 6.8, y: 4.05, w: 2.8, h: 0.5, fontSize: 8, italic: true, color: C.charcoal, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });
  }

  const mabInfo = [
    ["What are mAbs?", "Laboratory-produced antibodies derived from a single B-lymphocyte clone. Identical in structure; act with high specificity against a single antigen.", C.navy],
    ["Production: Hybridoma Technology (1975)", "Köhler & Milstein — fused B cells with immortal myeloma cells to produce large quantities of identical antibodies.", C.teal],
    ["Therapeutic Uses", "Cancer (tumor receptor targeting), autoimmune diseases (RA, IBD), inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, transplant rejection.", C.rose],
    ["Naming Convention", "'-umab' = fully human, '-zumab' = humanized, '-ximab' = chimeric, '-momab' = murine. Reduces immunogenicity.", C.lilacDeep],
    ["Examples", "Trastuzumab (HER2+ breast cancer), Rituximab (lymphoma), Infliximab (RA/IBD), Pembrolizumab (immune checkpoint).", C.teal],
  ];

  mabInfo.forEach(([title, body, col], i) => {
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x: 0.3, y: 1.1 + i*0.88, w: 6.3, h: 0.74, rectRadius: 0.08,
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 20 — CRISPR Gene Editing
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.lavender };
  addHeaderBar(s, "CRISPR-Cas9: Precision Gene Editing in Pharmacology", C.lilacDeep);

  if (images.crispr) {
    s.addImage({ data: images.crispr, x: 5.8, y: 1.1, w: 3.9, h: 3.5 });
    s.addText("CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism:\ngRNA guides Cas9 to target DNA → DSB → NHEJ/HDR repair",
      { x: 5.8, y: 4.65, w: 3.9, h: 0.55, fontSize: 8, italic: true, color: C.charcoal, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });
  }

  const crisprPts = [
    ["Technology", "CRISPR-Cas9 system — molecular scissors guided by RNA to cut specific DNA sequences precisely."],
    ["Pioneers", "Jennifer Doudna & Emmanuelle Charpentier. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2020."],
    ["Drug Research", "Identifies disease-causing genes, validates drug targets, models genetic diseases in vitro and in vivo."],
    ["Therapeutics", "Potential cure for sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia, hereditary blindness (LCA), certain cancers."],
    ["Pharmacological Impact", "Shifts therapy from symptom management to direct genetic correction. Enables ex vivo gene therapy."],
    ["Limitations", "Off-target effects, delivery challenges, ethical concerns (germline editing), cost, regulatory hurdles."],
  ];

  crisprPts.forEach(([title, body], i) => {
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x: 0.3, y: 1.1 + i*0.75, w: 5.3, h: 0.65, rectRadius: 0.08,
      fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: C.lilacDeep } });
    s.addText(title, { x: 0.45, y: 1.13 + i*0.75, w: 1.2, h: 0.25, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: C.lilacDeep, fontFace: "Calibri" });
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 21 — AI in Drug Discovery
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.mint };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery", C.teal);

  s.addText("AI transforms drug development from trial-and-error to data-driven precision — reducing time, cost, and failure rates.",
    { x: 0.4, y: 1.05, w: 9.2, h: 0.42, fontSize: 11, italic: true, color: C.charcoal, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  const aiPoints = [
    { icon: "🧠", title: "Target Identification", body: "AI analyzes genomic/proteomic databases to find disease-specific molecular targets previously unrecognized by humans." },
    { icon: "💊", title: "Virtual Screening", body: "Screens millions of chemical compounds in silico for binding affinity, selectivity, and druglikeness (Lipinski rules, ADMET)." },
    { icon: "🔬", title: "Protein Structure Prediction", body: "AlphaFold (DeepMind) predicts 3D protein structures — revolutionizes structure-based drug design." },
    { icon: "📊", title: "Clinical Trial Optimization", body: "Patient stratification, adverse event prediction, biomarker identification — improves trial efficiency and success rates." },
    { icon: "🧬", title: "Personalized Medicine", body: "Integrates genetic profiles, biomarkers, and clinical data to predict optimal drug and dose for individual patients." },
    { icon: "⚡", title: "Speed & Cost Reduction", body: "Traditional drug discovery: 10–15 years, >$2 billion. AI-assisted discovery can reduce this significantly." },
  ];

  aiPoints.forEach(({ icon, title, body }, i) => {
    const col2 = i % 3;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 3);
    const x = 0.3 + col2 * 3.22;
    const y = 1.62 + row * 1.88;
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x, y, w: 3.0, h: 1.7, rectRadius: 0.1,
      fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: C.teal } });
    s.addText(icon, { x, y: y+0.08, w: 3.0, h: 0.45, fontSize: 22, align: "center" });
    s.addText(title, { x: x+0.12, y: y+0.55, w: 2.76, h: 0.3, fontSize: 10.5, bold: true, color: C.teal, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 22 — Personalized / Precision Medicine
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.blush };
  addHeaderBar(s, "The Era of Personalized Medicine", C.rose);

  // Main concept
  s.addShape("roundRect", { x: 0.3, y: 1.1, w: 9.4, h: 1.15, rectRadius: 0.1,
    fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: C.rose } });
  s.addText("Medical treatment and drug therapy tailored to an individual's genetic makeup, molecular profile, lifestyle, and environment — to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit with minimal adverse effects.",
    { x: 0.5, y: 1.18, w: 9.0, h: 1.0, fontSize: 11.5, color: C.navy, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", italic: true });

  const pmCards = [
    ["Genomics Foundation", "Human Genome Project (completed 2003) — 3 billion base pairs mapped. Revealed genetic basis of drug response variability.", C.rose],
    ["Pharmacogenomics", "Studies genetic variants (SNPs) affecting drug metabolism (CYP450 polymorphisms), receptor sensitivity, and drug efficacy/toxicity.", C.teal],
    ["Targeted Cancer Therapy", "Drugs designed for specific molecular targets: imatinib (BCR-ABL), trastuzumab (HER2), vemurafenib (BRAF V600E).", C.lilacDeep],
    ["Biomarker-Based Dosing", "Drug selection and dosing based on individual biomarkers — warfarin dosing (VKORC1/CYP2C9 genotyping), clopidogrel (CYP2C19).", C.navy],
    ["Reducing ADRs", "Personalized approach identifies patients at risk for adverse drug reactions — prevents harm, reduces healthcare costs.", C.rose],
    ["Future Vision", "Liquid biopsy, real-time genomic monitoring, AI-integrated therapy selection for every individual patient.", C.teal],
  ];

  pmCards.forEach(([title, body, col], i) => {
    const col2 = i % 2;
    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
    const x = 0.3 + col2 * 4.85;
    const y = 2.4 + row * 1.0;
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x, y, w: 4.55, h: 0.88, rectRadius: 0.08,
      fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: col } });
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    s.addText(title, { x: x+0.22, y: y+0.04, w: 4.25, h: 0.26, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(body, { x: x+0.22, y: y+0.3, w: 4.25, h: 0.54, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.navy, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 23 — Drug Development Process
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.sky };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Modern Drug Development: From Discovery to Clinic", C.navy);

  const stages = [
    { stage: "1. Discovery", detail: "Target ID → Hit finding → Lead optimization", time: "2–4 yr", color: C.teal },
    { stage: "2. Preclinical", detail: "In vitro/in vivo testing. Toxicology, pharmacokinetics, formulation.", time: "1–3 yr", color: C.lilacDeep },
    { stage: "3. Phase I", detail: "First-in-human. Safety, tolerability, PK/PD. 20–80 healthy volunteers.", time: "1–2 yr", color: C.rose },
    { stage: "4. Phase II", detail: "Proof of concept. Efficacy signal. 100–300 patients. Dose finding.", time: "2–3 yr", color: C.navy },
    { stage: "5. Phase III", detail: "Pivotal RCT. Efficacy vs. standard of care. 1,000+ patients.", time: "3–5 yr", color: C.teal },
    { stage: "6. Approval", detail: "NDA/BLA submission to FDA/EMA. Regulatory review & approval.", time: "1–2 yr", color: "7B8A4E" },
    { stage: "7. Phase IV", detail: "Post-marketing surveillance. Real-world safety. Pharmacovigilance.", time: "Ongoing", color: C.rose },
  ];

  // Horizontal pipeline arrows
  stages.forEach(({ stage, detail, time, color }, i) => {
    const x = 0.2 + i * 1.37;
    const w = 1.22;
    s.addShape("rect", { x, y: 2.0, w, h: 1.6,
      fill: { color: color, transparency: 55 }, line: { color: color } });
    s.addText(stage, { x: x+0.04, y: 2.05, w: w-0.08, h: 0.4, fontSize: 8, bold: true, color: color, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });
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      s.addShape("rect", { x: x+w, y: 2.72, w: 0.15, h: 0.16,
        fill: { color: C.charcoal }, line: { color: C.charcoal } });
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  s.addText("Average time: 10–15 years  |  Average cost: >$2 billion  |  Success rate: ~12% from Phase I to approval",
    { x: 0.4, y: 4.05, w: 9.2, h: 0.42, fontSize: 10.5, bold: true, color: C.rose, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });

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    fill: { color: C.mint, transparency: 20 }, line: { color: C.teal } });
  s.addText("AI-Assisted Discovery can reduce preclinical phase by 30–50% | Adaptive trial designs reduce Phase II/III timelines | Basket trials enable multi-cancer studies",
    { x: 0.5, y: 4.65, w: 9.0, h: 0.62, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.teal, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 24 — Drug Safety & Adverse Drug Reactions
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.blush };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Drug Safety, ADRs & Pharmacovigilance", C.rose);

  s.addText("Historical drug tragedies shaped modern regulatory science — every regulation has a story.",
    { x: 0.4, y: 1.05, w: 9.2, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, italic: true, color: C.charcoal, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  const safetyItems = [
    {
      title: "Thalidomide Disaster (1957–1962)",
      body: "Used for morning sickness → teratogenicity → ~10,000 infants with phocomelia. Led to strict pregnancy safety testing regulations worldwide.",
      color: C.rose
    },
    {
      title: "Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)",
      body: "Type A (predictable, dose-dependent): 80% of ADRs. Type B (idiosyncratic, unpredictable): immune-mediated or genetic. Type C–F classification.",
      color: C.lilacDeep
    },
    {
      title: "Pharmacovigilance",
      body: "Systematic monitoring of drug safety post-approval. WHO-UMC VigiBase. National pharmacovigilance programs. Signal detection via WHO-ART coding.",
      color: C.teal
    },
    {
      title: "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)",
      body: "Essential for narrow TI drugs: digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, methotrexate. Trough/peak levels guide dosing.",
      color: C.navy
    },
  ];

  safetyItems.forEach(({ title, body, color }, i) => {
    s.addShape("roundRect", { x: 0.3, y: 1.55 + i*1.0, w: 9.4, h: 0.86, rectRadius: 0.1,
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 25 — Antimicrobial Resistance
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.cream };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Current Challenge: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)", C.rose);

  s.addShape("roundRect", { x: 0.3, y: 1.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.92, rectRadius: 0.1,
    fill: { color: "FCE4D6", transparency: 20 }, line: { color: C.rose } });
  s.addText("WHO classifies AMR as one of the greatest threats to global health, food security, and development. An estimated 1.27 million deaths globally attributed to AMR in 2019.",
    { x: 0.5, y: 1.17, w: 9.0, h: 0.82, fontSize: 11, color: C.navy, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle" });

  const amrPts = [
    ["Mechanisms of Resistance", "β-lactamase production, efflux pumps, target modification (PBP mutations), outer membrane impermeability, enzymatic drug inactivation.", C.rose],
    ["ESKAPE Pathogens", "Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. — high-priority resistant organisms.", C.navy],
    ["Stewardship", "Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) — core strategy: right drug, right dose, right duration. De-escalation, culture-guided therapy.", C.teal],
    ["New Approaches", "Novel β-lactam combinations (ceftazidime-avibactam), bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, CRISPR-based antibacterials, immunotherapy.", C.lilacDeep],
  ];

  amrPts.forEach(([title, body, col], i) => {
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 26 — Ethical Challenges in Modern Pharmacology
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.lavender };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Ethical & Regulatory Challenges", C.lilacDeep);

  const ethics = [
    {
      title: "Genetic Engineering & Germline Editing",
      body: "CRISPR germline editing raises concerns about heritable genetic changes, consent of future generations, equitable access, and unintended off-target effects.",
      icon: "🧬"
    },
    {
      title: "Clinical Trial Ethics",
      body: "Declaration of Helsinki principles, informed consent, vulnerable population protection, equipoise, data sharing transparency, placebo use ethics.",
      icon: "📋"
    },
    {
      title: "Access & Global Health Equity",
      body: "Widening gap between developed and developing countries in access to advanced biologics, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapies, and precision medicines.",
      icon: "🌍"
    },
    {
      title: "AI & Data Privacy",
      body: "AI-driven drug discovery uses genomic and patient data — raises concerns about data ownership, privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory oversight.",
      icon: "🤖"
    },
    {
      title: "Off-Label Drug Use",
      body: "Common in practice (>20% of prescriptions). Balancing innovation with safety evidence. Regulatory frameworks vary globally.",
      icon: "⚖️"
    },
    {
      title: "Drug Pricing & Commercialization",
      body: "R&D cost vs. affordability. Orphan drug incentives. Patent cliffs and generic competition. Value-based pricing models.",
      icon: "💰"
    },
  ];

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    const row = Math.floor(i / 2);
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    const y = 1.1 + row * 1.42;
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      fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 10 }, line: { color: C.lilacDeep } });
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 27 — Future of Pharmacology
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.mint };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Future Directions in Pharmacology", C.teal);

  const future = [
    { icon: "🎯", title: "Precision & Personalized Medicine", body: "Pharmacogenomic-guided therapy selection. Every patient gets the right drug at the right dose." },
    { icon: "🧬", title: "Gene & Cell Therapy", body: "CAR-T cells, viral vector gene therapy, base editing, prime editing — curative potential for genetic diseases." },
    { icon: "🤖", title: "AI & Computational Pharmacology", body: "Machine learning for de novo drug design, toxicity prediction, and biomarker discovery at unprecedented speed." },
    { icon: "🔬", title: "Nanomedicine", body: "Nanoparticle drug delivery systems targeting tumors, crossing BBB, enabling organ-specific drug release." },
    { icon: "💊", title: "mRNA Therapeutics", body: "Beyond COVID-19 vaccines — mRNA for cancer immunotherapy, rare genetic diseases, cardiac repair (demonstrated in COVID era)." },
    { icon: "🌿", title: "Microbiome Pharmacology", body: "Gut microbiome influences drug metabolism, efficacy, and ADRs. Emerging field of pharmacomicrobiomics." },
  ];

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    const y = 1.1 + row * 2.1;
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  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 28 — Comprehensive Timeline (Modern Era)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  s.background = { color: C.sky };
  addHeaderBar(s, "Modern Pharmacology Timeline: 20th–21st Century", C.navy);

  if (images.cancerImmuno) {
    s.addImage({ data: images.cancerImmuno, x: 0.3, y: 1.08, w: 9.4, h: 4.25 });
    s.addText("Cancer Immunotherapy Timeline — illustrating the evolution of receptor-targeted biologic therapies from 1980s to 2020",
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  } else {
    const mEvents = [
      ["1909", "Salvarsan — Ehrlich"],
      ["1928", "Penicillin — Fleming"],
      ["1935", "Sulfonamides — Domagk"],
      ["1942", "Nitrogen mustard — first chemotherapy"],
      ["1949", "Cortisone — Hench"],
      ["1960", "Oral contraceptive pill"],
      ["1982", "Recombinant insulin"],
      ["1987", "Statins — lovastatin"],
      ["1998", "Trastuzumab — mAb therapy"],
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      ["2012", "CRISPR-Cas9"],
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 29 — Summary: A Scientific Journey
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// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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    "Key milestones — from early experimentation to modern drug discovery — shaped global healthcare.",
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