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Give answer for plasma protiens for 5 marks for mbbs 1st year. Take reference from gk pal physiology text book for university exam

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plasma proteins functions albumin globulins fibrinogen physiology

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Plasma Proteins

Definition: Plasma proteins are proteins present in blood plasma. Their normal total concentration is about 6-8 g/dL.

Types and normal values

Protein fractionApproximate concentrationMain site of synthesis
Albumin3.5-5.0 g/dLLiver
Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma)2.0-3.0 g/dLAlpha and beta: liver; gamma: plasma cells/lymphoid tissue
Fibrinogen0.2-0.4 g/dLLiver
Note: Serum is plasma without fibrinogen and most clotting factors.

Functions of plasma proteins

  1. Maintain colloid osmotic pressure
    Albumin is the major contributor to plasma oncotic pressure. It retains water in blood vessels and prevents edema.
  2. Transport function
    Albumin and globulins transport hormones, bilirubin, fatty acids, calcium, iron, copper, lipids, drugs, and vitamins.
  3. Buffering action
    Plasma proteins act as weak acids and bases and help maintain blood pH.
  4. Defense mechanism
    Gamma globulins are immunoglobulins or antibodies. Complement proteins also help in body defense.
  5. Blood coagulation
    Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin during coagulation and forms the clot.
  6. Protein reserve
    They can provide amino acids to tissues during starvation or increased protein requirement.
  7. Maintain blood viscosity and suspension stability of RBCs
    Plasma proteins contribute to viscosity of blood and influence erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Clinical importance

  • Hypoproteinemia/hypoalbuminemia occurs in malnutrition, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, and severe burns.
  • Decreased albumin reduces plasma oncotic pressure, causing edema.
Reference: The answer is arranged in the standard MBBS physiology format used for GK Pal-style university answers. The available textbook library did not contain G. K. Pal Physiology, so exact GK Pal page citation cannot be verified. Supporting physiology: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, section “Plasma Proteins”; Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, “Functional Roles of the Plasma Proteins.”
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