from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.lib.colors import (
    HexColor, white, black, Color
)
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import Flowable
from reportlab.lib import colors
import urllib.request
import os

# ── Color Palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
DEEP_PURPLE   = HexColor("#5C2D91")
MEDIUM_PURPLE = HexColor("#7B4DB3")
LIGHT_PURPLE  = HexColor("#E8D5F5")
PINK          = HexColor("#D63384")
LIGHT_PINK    = HexColor("#FCE4EC")
TEAL          = HexColor("#00897B")
LIGHT_TEAL    = HexColor("#E0F2F1")
ORANGE        = HexColor("#E65100")
LIGHT_ORANGE  = HexColor("#FFF3E0")
BLUE          = HexColor("#1565C0")
LIGHT_BLUE    = HexColor("#E3F2FD")
GREY_BG       = HexColor("#F5F5F5")
DARK_GREY     = HexColor("#37474F")
MID_GREY      = HexColor("#607D8B")
LIGHT_GREY    = HexColor("#ECEFF1")
DARK_TEXT     = HexColor("#1A1A2E")

OUTPUT_PATH = "/tmp/workspace/menstrual-cycle-pdf/Menstrual_Cycle_Guide.pdf"

# ── Styles ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def make_style(name, parent="Normal", **kwargs):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=styles[parent], **kwargs)

cover_title = make_style("CoverTitle", fontSize=34, textColor=white,
    leading=42, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Bold")

cover_subtitle = make_style("CoverSub", fontSize=16, textColor=HexColor("#E8D5F5"),
    leading=22, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica")

chapter_title = make_style("ChapterTitle", fontSize=22, textColor=white,
    leading=28, alignment=TA_LEFT, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=4)

section_heading = make_style("SectionH", fontSize=14, textColor=DEEP_PURPLE,
    leading=18, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=5)

sub_heading = make_style("SubH", fontSize=12, textColor=MEDIUM_PURPLE,
    leading=16, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4)

body = make_style("Body", fontSize=10.5, textColor=DARK_TEXT,
    leading=16, fontName="Helvetica", spaceAfter=5, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)

bullet_style = make_style("Bullet", fontSize=10.5, textColor=DARK_TEXT,
    leading=15, fontName="Helvetica", leftIndent=18, spaceAfter=3,
    bulletIndent=6)

highlight_box = make_style("HighBox", fontSize=10.5, textColor=DARK_TEXT,
    leading=16, fontName="Helvetica", leftIndent=10, rightIndent=10,
    spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=5)

caption_style = make_style("Caption", fontSize=9, textColor=MID_GREY,
    leading=13, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=8)

key_point_style = make_style("KP", fontSize=10.5, textColor=DARK_TEXT,
    leading=15, fontName="Helvetica", leftIndent=22, spaceAfter=4)

phase_label = make_style("PhaseLabel", fontSize=11, textColor=white,
    leading=15, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER)

toc_style = make_style("TOC", fontSize=11, textColor=DARK_TEXT,
    leading=18, fontName="Helvetica")

toc_title_style = make_style("TOCTitle", fontSize=20, textColor=DEEP_PURPLE,
    leading=26, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER,
    spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=18)


# ── Custom Flowables ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

class ColorRect(Flowable):
    """A filled rectangle used as a section-header banner."""
    def __init__(self, width, height, color, radius=6):
        Flowable.__init__(self)
        self.width  = width
        self.height = height
        self.color  = color
        self.radius = radius
    def draw(self):
        self.canv.setFillColor(self.color)
        self.canv.roundRect(0, 0, self.width, self.height,
                            self.radius, fill=1, stroke=0)


class ChapterBanner(Flowable):
    """Full-width gradient-style banner for chapter headings."""
    def __init__(self, title, subtitle, width, color1, color2, icon=""):
        Flowable.__init__(self)
        self.title    = title
        self.subtitle = subtitle
        self.width    = width
        self.height   = 58
        self.color1   = color1
        self.color2   = color2
        self.icon     = icon

    def draw(self):
        c = self.canv
        c.setFillColor(self.color1)
        c.roundRect(0, 0, self.width, self.height, 8, fill=1, stroke=0)
        # accent stripe
        c.setFillColor(self.color2)
        c.roundRect(0, 0, 8, self.height, 0, fill=1, stroke=0)
        # title
        c.setFillColor(white)
        c.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 17)
        c.drawString(20, self.height - 26, self.title)
        # subtitle
        c.setFillColor(HexColor("#E0D0F0"))
        c.setFont("Helvetica", 10)
        c.drawString(20, self.height - 43, self.subtitle)


class InfoBox(Flowable):
    """Coloured info box with left accent bar."""
    def __init__(self, text, width, bg_color, bar_color, text_color=None):
        Flowable.__init__(self)
        from reportlab.lib.utils import simpleSplit
        self.lines = simpleSplit(text, "Helvetica", 10.5, width - 28)
        self.width = width
        self.bg    = bg_color
        self.bar   = bar_color
        self.tc    = text_color or DARK_TEXT
        self.height = len(self.lines) * 15 + 14

    def draw(self):
        c = self.canv
        c.setFillColor(self.bg)
        c.roundRect(0, 0, self.width, self.height, 6, fill=1, stroke=0)
        c.setFillColor(self.bar)
        c.rect(0, 0, 5, self.height, fill=1, stroke=0)
        c.setFillColor(self.tc)
        c.setFont("Helvetica", 10.5)
        y = self.height - 19
        for line in self.lines:
            c.drawString(14, y, line)
            y -= 15


# ── Document Setup ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT_PATH,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=2*cm, rightMargin=2*cm,
    topMargin=2.2*cm, bottomMargin=2.2*cm,
    title="The Menstrual Cycle – A Complete Guide",
    author="Orris Medical Education",
    subject="Reproductive Physiology"
)

W = A4[0] - 4*cm   # usable width
story = []

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COVER PAGE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

def cover_page(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    w, h = A4
    # Deep purple background
    canvas.setFillColor(DEEP_PURPLE)
    canvas.rect(0, 0, w, h, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # Pink wave accent at bottom
    canvas.setFillColor(PINK)
    canvas.rect(0, 0, w, 28, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.setFillColor(MEDIUM_PURPLE)
    canvas.rect(0, 28, w, 18, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # Top accent
    canvas.setFillColor(PINK)
    canvas.rect(0, h - 14, w, 14, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # Title block
    canvas.setFillColor(white)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 40)
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, h/2 + 60, "The Menstrual Cycle")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 18)
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#E8D5F5"))
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, h/2 + 20, "A Complete Educational Guide")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 12)
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#C0A0E0"))
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, h/2 - 14,
        "Physiology · Hormones · Phases · Clinical Significance")
    # Decorative circle
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#7B4DB3"))
    canvas.circle(w/2, h/2 + 40, 130, fill=0, stroke=1)
    canvas.setStrokeColor(HexColor("#7B4DB3"))
    canvas.setLineWidth(1.5)
    canvas.circle(w/2, h/2 + 40, 145, fill=0, stroke=1)
    # Footer
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#E8D5F5"))
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 10)
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 58,
        "Based on Berek & Novak's Gynecology | Ganong's Physiology | Costanzo Physiology")
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 44, "Orris Medical Education  •  2026")
    canvas.restoreState()

story.append(Spacer(1, 18*cm))   # push to cover; actual cover drawn by onFirstPage
story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TABLE OF CONTENTS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(Paragraph("Table of Contents", toc_title_style))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=2, color=MEDIUM_PURPLE, spaceAfter=10))

toc_entries = [
    ("1", "Introduction & Overview", "3"),
    ("2", "The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis", "4"),
    ("3", "The Ovarian Cycle", "5"),
    ("  3.1", "Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)", "5"),
    ("  3.2", "Ovulation (Day 14)", "6"),
    ("  3.3", "Luteal Phase (Days 14-28)", "7"),
    ("4", "The Uterine (Endometrial) Cycle", "8"),
    ("  4.1", "Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)", "8"),
    ("  4.2", "Proliferative Phase (Days 5-14)", "8"),
    ("  4.3", "Secretory Phase (Days 14-28)", "9"),
    ("5", "Hormonal Changes Throughout the Cycle", "10"),
    ("6", "Cervical Mucus & Other Signs", "11"),
    ("7", "What Happens if Pregnancy Occurs?", "12"),
    ("8", "Normal Cycle Parameters", "13"),
    ("9", "Key Points Summary", "14"),
]

toc_data = []
for num, title, page in toc_entries:
    toc_data.append([
        Paragraph(f"<font color='#5C2D91'>{num}</font>", toc_style),
        Paragraph(title, toc_style),
        Paragraph(f"<font color='#5C2D91'>{page}</font>", toc_style),
    ])

toc_table = Table(toc_data, colWidths=[1.2*cm, W - 2.5*cm, 1.3*cm])
toc_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("VALIGN", (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0, 0), (-1, -1), [white, GREY_BG]),
    ("LEFTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("TOPPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
    ("LINEBELOW", (0, -1), (-1, -1), 1, MEDIUM_PURPLE),
]))
story.append(toc_table)
story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# HELPER
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

def chapter(title, subtitle):
    story.append(ChapterBanner(title, subtitle, W, DEEP_PURPLE, PINK))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

def sec(title):
    story.append(Paragraph(title, section_heading))

def sub(title):
    story.append(Paragraph(title, sub_heading))

def para(text):
    story.append(Paragraph(text, body))

def bullet(text, icon="•"):
    story.append(Paragraph(f"{icon}  {text}", bullet_style))

def space(n=8):
    story.append(Spacer(1, n))

def key_box(text, bg=LIGHT_PURPLE, bar=MEDIUM_PURPLE):
    story.append(InfoBox(text, W, bg, bar))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

def tip_box(text, bg=LIGHT_TEAL, bar=TEAL):
    story.append(InfoBox(text, W, bg, bar, DARK_GREY))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

def warning_box(text, bg=LIGHT_ORANGE, bar=ORANGE):
    story.append(InfoBox(text, W, bg, bar, DARK_GREY))
    story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

def phase_table(phases):
    """phases: list of (name, color, description)"""
    rows = []
    for name, col, desc in phases:
        rows.append([
            Paragraph(f"<font color='white'><b>{name}</b></font>", phase_label),
            Paragraph(desc, body)
        ])
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[3.2*cm, W - 3.2*cm])
    style_cmds = [
        ("VALIGN",       (0, 0), (-1, -1), "TOP"),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
        ("ROWSEP", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 1, LIGHT_GREY),
    ]
    for i, (_, col, _) in enumerate(phases):
        style_cmds.append(("BACKGROUND", (0, i), (0, i), col))
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style_cmds))
    story.append(t)
    space()


# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 1", "Introduction & Overview")

sec("What is the Menstrual Cycle?")
para(
    "The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of changes a woman's body goes through "
    "in preparation for the possibility of pregnancy. Each month, one of the ovaries "
    "releases an egg - a process called ovulation. At the same time, hormonal changes "
    "prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If ovulation takes place and the egg is not "
    "fertilised, the lining of the uterus sheds through the vagina. This is a menstrual period."
)
para(
    "In women and other primates, the reproductive cycle is a <b>menstrual cycle</b>, "
    "and its most conspicuous feature is the periodic vaginal bleeding that occurs with "
    "the shedding of the uterine mucosa. The length of the cycle is variable, but the "
    "average is <b>28 days</b> from the start of one menstrual period to the start of the next. "
    "By common usage, the days of the cycle are identified by number, starting with "
    "the <b>first day of menstruation</b>."
)

sec("The Four Organs Involved")
para(
    "The female reproductive process involves a tightly coordinated interaction between "
    "four organs. All must function appropriately for normal reproduction to occur:"
)

organs_data = [
    ["Organ", "Role in the Cycle"],
    ["Hypothalamus (Brain)", "Releases GnRH in pulses to control the entire axis"],
    ["Anterior Pituitary", "Releases FSH and LH in response to GnRH signals"],
    ["Ovary", "Responds to FSH/LH to produce follicles, ovulation, and corpus luteum"],
    ["Uterus (Endometrium)", "Responds to ovarian hormones; prepares for implantation"],
]
org_table = Table(organs_data, colWidths=[4.5*cm, W - 4.5*cm])
org_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",   (0, 0), (-1, 0), DEEP_PURPLE),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), 11),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_PURPLE]),
    ("FONTSIZE",     (0, 1), (-1, -1), 10.5),
    ("GRID",         (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",       (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("TOPPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 7),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0, 0), (-1, -1), 7),
]))
story.append(org_table)
space()

sec("Two Parallel Cycles")
para(
    "The menstrual cycle has two distinct but simultaneous cycles running in parallel:"
)
bullet("<b>Ovarian Cycle</b> - what happens inside the ovary (follicular growth, ovulation, corpus luteum)")
bullet("<b>Uterine Cycle</b> - what happens to the uterine lining (menstruation, proliferation, secretion)")
para(
    "These two cycles are synchronized by hormones, so changes in the ovary directly "
    "drive changes in the uterus."
)

key_box(
    "REMEMBER: The first day of bleeding = Day 1 of the cycle. Ovulation occurs around "
    "Day 14 in a 28-day cycle. The secretory (luteal) phase is almost always exactly 14 days long. "
    "Variation in cycle length comes from the follicular phase, not the luteal phase."
)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 2 – HPO AXIS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 2", "The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) Axis")

sec("The Master Control System")
para(
    "The menstrual cycle is regulated by a sophisticated hormonal feedback system "
    "called the <b>Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) Axis</b>. Think of it as a "
    "three-level command chain:"
)

hpo_data = [
    ["Level", "Structure", "Hormone Released", "Target"],
    ["1st (Highest)", "Hypothalamus", "GnRH (pulsatile)", "Anterior Pituitary"],
    ["2nd", "Anterior Pituitary", "FSH & LH", "Ovary"],
    ["3rd", "Ovary", "Estrogen, Progesterone, Inhibin", "Pituitary & Hypothalamus"],
]
hpo_table = Table(hpo_data, colWidths=[2.8*cm, 3.5*cm, 4.2*cm, W - 10.5*cm])
hpo_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), TEAL),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), 10),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_TEAL]),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 1), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(hpo_table)
space()

sub("GnRH - The Pulse Generator")
para(
    "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is released in <b>pulses</b> from the "
    "hypothalamus - not continuously. This pulsatile secretion is critical:"
)
bullet("Slow pulses (every 90-120 min) favour FSH secretion")
bullet("Fast pulses (every 60 min) favour LH secretion")
bullet("Continuous GnRH actually <i>suppresses</i> gonadotropins (used clinically with GnRH agonists)")
para(
    "GnRH travels through a special portal blood system directly to the pituitary, "
    "which then releases FSH and LH into the general circulation."
)

sub("FSH & LH - The Ovarian Drivers")
para("<b>FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)</b> - stimulates:")
bullet("Growth and development of ovarian follicles")
bullet("Estrogen production by granulosa cells")
bullet("Expression of LH receptors on granulosa cells late in follicular phase")
space(4)
para("<b>LH (Luteinizing Hormone)</b> - stimulates:")
bullet("Final maturation of the dominant follicle")
bullet("Ovulation when it surges (LH surge)")
bullet("Formation and maintenance of the corpus luteum")
bullet("Androgen production by theca cells (which granulosa cells convert to estrogen)")

tip_box(
    "TWO-CELL THEORY: Theca cells produce androgens (androstenedione) under LH stimulation. "
    "These androgens diffuse into adjacent granulosa cells and are converted (aromatised) "
    "to estrogen (estradiol) under FSH stimulation. Both cell types work together."
)

sub("Feedback Mechanisms")
para("Ovarian hormones feed back to the hypothalamus and pituitary to control the cycle:")
bullet("<b>Negative feedback</b> - Rising estrogen reduces FSH (prevents multiple eggs)")
bullet("<b>Positive feedback</b> - Very high estrogen (late follicular phase) triggers the LH surge")
bullet("<b>Inhibin B</b> - secreted by granulosa cells; specifically suppresses FSH")
bullet("<b>Inhibin A</b> - secreted by corpus luteum; suppresses FSH in luteal phase")

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 3 – OVARIAN CYCLE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 3", "The Ovarian Cycle")

para(
    "The ovarian cycle describes the sequence of changes in the ovary during each "
    "menstrual cycle. It has three distinct phases: <b>Follicular Phase</b>, "
    "<b>Ovulation</b>, and <b>Luteal Phase</b>."
)

sec("3.1  Follicular Phase (Days 1-14)")
para(
    "At birth, a female already has all the eggs she will ever have - about "
    "<b>1 to 2 million primordial follicles</b>. By puberty this drops to ~400,000. "
    "Each month, a cohort of these dormant follicles is recruited into the growing pool."
)

sub("Early Follicular Phase (Days 1-5)")
para(
    "With the demise of the previous cycle's corpus luteum, FSH levels begin to rise. "
    "This rise recruits a cohort of antral follicles. Each recruited follicle:"
)
bullet("Enlarges and develops a fluid-filled cavity (antrum)")
bullet("Has an egg (oocyte) surrounded by granulosa cells")
bullet("Is encased in theca cells on the outside")
bullet("Begins producing estradiol")

sub("Dominant Follicle Selection (Days 5-7)")
para(
    "Usually one follicle in one ovary starts to grow rapidly around day 6 and "
    "becomes the <b>dominant follicle</b>. The others regress (atresia). How one "
    "follicle is selected is not fully understood, but it appears related to its "
    "ability to produce estrogen internally and its greater sensitivity to FSH."
)
key_box(
    "The dominant follicle is also called the Graafian follicle. It can grow up to "
    "20-25 mm before ovulation. It produces 90% of the estradiol in the follicular phase."
)

sub("Late Follicular Phase (Days 8-14)")
para(
    "The dominant follicle grows rapidly, producing escalating amounts of estradiol. "
    "Key events:"
)
bullet("Estradiol reaches a peak (~200-400 pg/mL) about 24-36 hours before ovulation")
bullet("FSH induces LH receptors on granulosa cells, sensitising them to LH")
bullet("Progesterone begins to rise slightly - this triggers the FSH midcycle surge")
bullet("Rising estradiol switches from negative to POSITIVE feedback on LH secretion")

sec("3.2  Ovulation (Day 14)")
para(
    "After sufficient estrogen stimulation, the pituitary releases a <b>massive surge of LH</b> "
    "(the LH surge). This is the trigger for ovulation."
)

ovulation_data = [
    ["Event", "Timing", "Details"],
    ["LH Surge begins", "~36 hrs before ovulation", "Triggered by peak estradiol (positive feedback)"],
    ["FSH mini-surge", "~36 hrs before ovulation", "Helps follicle maturation and oocyte release"],
    ["Oocyte maturation", "~24-36 hrs before", "Meiosis I completes, oocyte becomes secondary oocyte"],
    ["Follicle rupture", "Day 14 (approx.)", "Follicle wall dissolves; egg released into fallopian tube"],
    ["Egg pickup", "Minutes after rupture", "Fimbriae of fallopian tube sweep up the egg"],
]
ovul_table = Table(ovulation_data, colWidths=[3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, W - 7*cm])
ovul_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), PINK),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_PINK]),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(ovul_table)
space()

tip_box(
    "MITTELSCHMERZ: Some women feel mild one-sided pelvic pain at ovulation. This is caused by "
    "minor bleeding from the ruptured follicle irritating the peritoneum. It typically lasts "
    "a few hours to 1-2 days and is completely normal."
)

sec("3.3  Luteal Phase (Days 14-28)")
para(
    "After the egg is released, the ruptured follicle undergoes a remarkable transformation:"
)
bullet("The follicle fills with blood (corpus hemorrhagicum) briefly")
bullet("Granulosa and theca cells rapidly proliferate")
bullet("These cells become <b>luteal cells</b> (yellow, lipid-rich cells) forming the <b>corpus luteum</b>")
bullet("The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of <b>progesterone</b> and some estradiol")
bullet("Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) drives blood vessel growth into the corpus luteum")

space(4)
para(
    "The corpus luteum is the ovary's temporary endocrine gland. It is essential for "
    "maintaining the uterine lining in early pregnancy."
)

sub("Corpus Luteum Lifespan")
para("If pregnancy does NOT occur:")
bullet("The corpus luteum involutes (breaks down) after ~14 days")
bullet("Progesterone and estrogen levels fall sharply")
bullet("The endometrium can no longer be maintained and sheds (menstruation)")
bullet("FSH rises again, beginning a new cycle")
space(4)
para("If pregnancy DOES occur:")
bullet("The embryo produces hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)")
bullet("hCG has an LH-like action and 'rescues' the corpus luteum")
bullet("The corpus luteum persists for the first 10-12 weeks of pregnancy")
bullet("After ~12 weeks, the placenta takes over progesterone production")

key_box(
    "The luteal phase is ALWAYS ~14 days long, regardless of total cycle length. "
    "A woman with a 35-day cycle has a 21-day follicular phase + 14-day luteal phase. "
    "This is why ovulation day varies but menstruation is predictable from ovulation."
)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 4 – UTERINE CYCLE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 4", "The Uterine (Endometrial) Cycle")

para(
    "While the ovary undergoes its cycle of follicular development and corpus luteum "
    "formation, the <b>uterine lining (endometrium)</b> undergoes its own parallel cycle "
    "of regeneration, growth, and shedding - all driven by ovarian hormones."
)

sec("Anatomy of the Endometrium")
para(
    "The endometrium has two layers with different behaviors:"
)
endo_data = [
    ["Layer", "Also Called", "Blood Supply", "Fate During Menstruation"],
    ["Superficial 2/3", "Stratum Functionale", "Spiral arteries (long, coiled)", "SHED during menstruation"],
    ["Deep 1/3", "Stratum Basale", "Basilar arteries (short, straight)", "RETAINED; source of regeneration"],
]
endo_table = Table(endo_data, colWidths=[2.8*cm, 3.2*cm, 4*cm, W - 10*cm])
endo_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), DARK_GREY),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_GREY]),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(endo_table)
space()

sec("4.1  Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)")
para(
    "This is the most visible phase - the <b>'period'</b>. It marks Day 1 of a new cycle."
)

sub("What causes menstruation?")
para(
    "When the corpus luteum regresses at the end of the previous cycle, progesterone "
    "and estrogen levels fall sharply. Without hormonal support:"
)
bullet("The endometrium becomes thinner, adding to the coiling of spiral arteries")
bullet("Spiral arteries go into spasm (vasospasm) - cutting off blood supply")
bullet("<b>Prostaglandins</b> (especially PGF2α) are released, causing intense vasospasm and uterine contractions")
bullet("Foci of necrosis (tissue death) appear and coalesce")
bullet("The stratum functionale sheds as menstrual flow")
space(4)
para("Menstrual blood characteristics:")
bullet("Approximately <b>20-60 mL</b> total blood loss (normal)")
bullet("Predominantly <b>arterial</b> blood (~75% arterial, ~25% venous)")
bullet("Contains tissue debris, prostaglandins, and <b>fibrinolysin</b>")
bullet("Fibrinolysin prevents clotting - so normal menstrual blood does <b>NOT</b> contain clots")
bullet("Clots in menstrual blood suggest excessive flow")

warning_box(
    "DYSMENORRHOEA (painful periods): Prostaglandins cause uterine contractions and ischaemia. "
    "NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) work by blocking prostaglandin synthesis, reducing cramping. "
    "Excessive pain may indicate conditions like endometriosis."
)

sec("4.2  Proliferative Phase (Days 5-14)")
para(
    "After menstruation, the endometrium regenerates under the influence of "
    "<b>estradiol</b> from the growing dominant follicle. This phase is also called "
    "the <b>follicular phase</b> of the uterine cycle."
)

sub("What estrogen does to the endometrium:")
bullet("Rapid increase in endometrial thickness (from 1-2 mm to 8-10 mm)")
bullet("Uterine glands grow and elongate (but do not yet secrete)")
bullet("Growth of glandular epithelium and stroma")
bullet("Elongation of spiral arteries that supply the endometrium")
bullet("Cell proliferation - restoring the stratum functionale lost during menstruation")
space(4)
para(
    "This phase is sometimes called the 'proliferative' phase because the main "
    "feature is rapid cellular proliferation driven by estrogen. The endometrium "
    "looks straight and regular on imaging."
)

sec("4.3  Secretory Phase (Days 14-28)")
para(
    "After ovulation, the corpus luteum produces progesterone (+ some estrogen), "
    "which transforms the endometrium from a growing state to a <b>secretory state</b> "
    "ready to receive a fertilised egg. This is also called the <b>luteal phase</b>."
)

sub("What progesterone does to the endometrium:")
bullet("Proliferation SLOWS (anti-proliferative effect)")
bullet("Uterine glands become <b>tortuous (coiled) and secrete</b> a clear, glycogen-rich fluid")
bullet("Glycogen accumulates in vacuoles within gland cells")
bullet("Stroma becomes <b>oedematous</b> (swollen with fluid)")
bullet("Spiral arteries <b>elongate further and become very coiled</b>")
bullet("Endometrium reaches maximum thickness (~12-14 mm)")
space(4)
para(
    "If fertilisation occurs, the blastocyst implants into this secretory endometrium "
    "around Days 20-23 (the 'implantation window'). The progesterone-primed endometrium "
    "provides the ideal environment for implantation and early embryo nutrition."
)

key_box(
    "CLINICAL NOTE: The secretory phase is remarkably constant at ~14 days. "
    "If a woman has a 35-day cycle, the extra length is in the proliferative phase (21 days), "
    "not the secretory phase. Endometrial biopsy in the secretory phase shows gland "
    "tortuosity and vacuoles - used clinically to date the endometrium."
)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 5 – HORMONAL CHANGES
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 5", "Hormonal Changes Throughout the Cycle")

para(
    "Understanding the hormonal profile across the 28-day cycle is essential. "
    "Here is a day-by-day summary of each key hormone:"
)

sec("FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)")
para("Produced by: Anterior pituitary   |   Unit: IU/L")
bullet("<b>Days 1-5:</b> Rises as corpus luteum regresses - recruits follicles")
bullet("<b>Days 5-13:</b> Gradually falls as estrogen rises (negative feedback) and inhibin B rises")
bullet("<b>Day 13-14:</b> Brief midcycle surge (triggered by progesterone from pre-ovulatory follicle)")
bullet("<b>Days 14-28:</b> Falls during luteal phase (suppressed by inhibin A + progesterone)")

sec("LH (Luteinizing Hormone)")
para("Produced by: Anterior pituitary   |   Unit: IU/L")
bullet("<b>Days 1-12:</b> Low, gradually falls with rising estrogen (negative feedback)")
bullet("<b>Day 12-13:</b> Estrogen crosses a threshold → switches to POSITIVE feedback")
bullet("<b>Day 13-14:</b> Massive LH SURGE (10-fold increase) - triggers ovulation 24-36 hrs later")
bullet("<b>Days 14-28:</b> Falls and remains low during luteal phase")

key_box(
    "The LH Surge is the most important hormone event in the cycle. Home ovulation predictor "
    "kits (OPKs) detect the LH surge in urine. A positive OPK means ovulation will occur "
    "within 12-36 hours."
)

sec("Estradiol (E2)")
para("Produced by: Granulosa cells of dominant follicle (follicular), corpus luteum (luteal)")
bullet("<b>Days 1-5:</b> Low (corpus luteum has regressed)")
bullet("<b>Days 5-13:</b> Steadily and markedly rises as follicle grows")
bullet("<b>Day 12-13:</b> Reaches PEAK (~200-400 pg/mL) - this triggers the LH surge")
bullet("<b>Day 14:</b> Drops slightly at ovulation")
bullet("<b>Days 14-21:</b> Rises again as corpus luteum forms (second smaller peak)")
bullet("<b>Days 21-28:</b> Falls as corpus luteum regresses")

sec("Progesterone")
para("Produced by: Corpus luteum (primarily), adrenal glands (minor)")
bullet("<b>Days 1-13:</b> Very low (< 1 ng/mL)")
bullet("<b>Day 13-14:</b> Small rise from pre-ovulatory follicle (triggers FSH surge)")
bullet("<b>Days 14-21:</b> Rises sharply as corpus luteum forms - PEAK at Day 21 (~10-20 ng/mL)")
bullet("<b>Days 21-28:</b> Falls as corpus luteum regresses → triggers menstruation")
bullet("<b>Important effect:</b> Raises basal body temperature (BBT) by 0.2-0.5°C - basis of fertility charting")

warning_box(
    "PROGESTERONE AND BBT: Progesterone's thermogenic effect causes basal body temperature "
    "to rise 0.2-0.5°C AFTER ovulation. This rise is retrospective evidence of ovulation "
    "having occurred. It forms the basis of the 'BBT method' of natural family planning."
)

sec("Summary Hormone Table")
space(4)

hormone_table_data = [
    ["Phase", "FSH", "LH", "Estradiol", "Progesterone", "Endometrium"],
    ["Menstrual\n(Days 1-5)", "Rising", "Low", "Low", "Very Low", "Shedding"],
    ["Early Follicular\n(Days 5-9)", "Moderate, falling", "Low", "Rising", "Very Low", "Proliferating"],
    ["Late Follicular\n(Days 9-13)", "Low", "Rising", "Peak", "Very Low - Low", "Thick proliferative"],
    ["Ovulation\n(Day 14)", "Mini-surge", "LH SURGE", "Slight drop", "Slight rise", "Transitioning"],
    ["Early Luteal\n(Days 14-21)", "Low", "Low", "Rising (2nd peak)", "Rapidly rising", "Secretory"],
    ["Late Luteal\n(Days 21-28)", "Low", "Low", "Falling", "PEAK then falls", "Secretory → shed"],
]
hormones_t = Table(hormone_table_data, colWidths=[2.5*cm, 2*cm, 2*cm, 2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, W - 11.5*cm])
hormones_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), MEDIUM_PURPLE),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 9),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_PURPLE]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
    # Highlight ovulation row
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 4), (-1, 4), LIGHT_PINK),
]))
story.append(hormones_t)
space()

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 6 – CERVICAL MUCUS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 6", "Cervical Mucus & Other Cyclic Signs")

sec("Cervical Mucus Changes")
para(
    "The cervix secretes mucus throughout the cycle. The character of this mucus "
    "changes dramatically depending on which hormone is dominant:"
)

mucus_data = [
    ["Phase", "Hormone", "Mucus Character", "Clinical Significance"],
    ["Follicular\n(Pre-ovulatory)", "Estrogen", "Copious, watery, clear, elastic, low viscosity - 'egg white' consistency", "Sperm-friendly; channels form allowing sperm to penetrate cervix. Shows FERNING pattern on slide."],
    ["Ovulation", "Peak Estrogen + LH", "Maximum quantity, very stretchy (spinnbarkeit up to 6-10 cm)", "Peak fertility - sperm can travel most easily to egg"],
    ["Luteal\n(Post-ovulatory)", "Progesterone", "Scanty, thick, viscous, cloudy, non-elastic", "Sperm-hostile; acts as barrier. Does NOT fern on slide."],
    ["Late Luteal\n/ Menstruation", "Falling P4 & E2", "Minimal / shed with menstruation", "N/A"],
]
mucus_t = Table(mucus_data, colWidths=[2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 4.5*cm, W - 9.5*cm])
mucus_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), TEAL),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 9.5),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_TEAL]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "TOP"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 7),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(mucus_t)
space()

tip_box(
    "FERNING: Cervical mucus from the follicular phase forms a fern-like pattern when dried "
    "on a glass slide and viewed under a microscope. This occurs because of the high salt "
    "and water content driven by estrogen. In the luteal phase, progesterone makes mucus "
    "thick and no ferning pattern is seen."
)

sec("Spinnbarkeit")
para(
    "Spinnbarkeit (from German for 'spinnability') refers to the ability of cervical "
    "mucus to form a thread when stretched between two surfaces. At ovulation, estrogen "
    "is highest and spinnbarkeit is maximal (6-10 cm). This test is used clinically to "
    "assess the estrogenic state of the reproductive tract."
)

sec("Basal Body Temperature (BBT)")
para(
    "Progesterone has a thermogenic (heat-generating) effect. After ovulation, when "
    "the corpus luteum begins secreting progesterone, basal body temperature rises "
    "by 0.2-0.5°C and stays elevated for the rest of the luteal phase."
)
bullet("BBT should be measured first thing in the morning, before getting out of bed")
bullet("A rise in BBT is RETROSPECTIVE evidence that ovulation occurred")
bullet("BBT charting over several cycles can identify ovulation patterns")
bullet("Illness, alcohol, and disrupted sleep can falsely raise BBT")

sec("Other Signs of Ovulation")
bullet("<b>Mittelschmerz</b> - mid-cycle pelvic pain from follicle rupture")
bullet("<b>Light mid-cycle spotting</b> - occasional, from the drop in estrogen at ovulation")
bullet("<b>Increased libido</b> - many women report heightened sexual drive around ovulation")
bullet("<b>Breast tenderness</b> - estrogen then progesterone cause breast changes")
bullet("<b>Bloating</b> - fluid retention in luteal phase driven by progesterone")

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 7 – IF PREGNANCY OCCURS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 7", "What Happens if Pregnancy Occurs?")

para(
    "The entire menstrual cycle is designed to prepare for the possibility of pregnancy. "
    "When fertilisation and implantation occur, the cycle is interrupted and maintained."
)

sec("Timeline of Early Pregnancy")

pregnancy_data = [
    ["Event", "Day (from LMP)", "What Happens"],
    ["Ovulation", "~Day 14", "Egg released from ovary"],
    ["Fertilisation", "Day 14-15", "Sperm fertilises egg in fallopian tube (ampulla)"],
    ["Cell division begins", "Days 14-18", "Zygote cleaves into morula while travelling to uterus"],
    ["Blastocyst formation", "Days 18-20", "Fluid-filled blastocyst reaches the uterine cavity"],
    ["Implantation", "Days 20-23", "Blastocyst embeds into secretory endometrium"],
    ["hCG production begins", "Days 22-24", "Trophoblast cells produce hCG to rescue corpus luteum"],
    ["hCG detectable in blood", "Day ~24-26", "Positive pregnancy blood test possible"],
    ["hCG detectable in urine", "Day ~28-30", "Positive home pregnancy test possible"],
    ["Corpus luteum rescued", "Days 22 onwards", "Continues making progesterone; no period occurs"],
    ["Placenta takes over", "Week 8-12", "Placenta produces progesterone; corpus luteum regresses"],
]
preg_t = Table(pregnancy_data, colWidths=[4*cm, 3*cm, W - 7*cm])
preg_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), PINK),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 9.5),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_PINK]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(preg_t)
space()

key_box(
    "hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is the 'pregnancy hormone' produced by the "
    "trophoblast (future placenta). It mimics LH, preventing corpus luteum regression. "
    "This keeps progesterone levels high, maintains the endometrium, and prevents menstruation. "
    "hCG is what home pregnancy tests detect."
)

sec("Role of Progesterone in Pregnancy")
bullet("Maintains the endometrial lining (prevents shedding)")
bullet("Inhibits uterine contractions (prevents preterm labour)")
bullet("Promotes growth of uterine blood vessels")
bullet("Suppresses maternal immune response (prevents rejection of fetus)")
bullet("In late pregnancy, progesterone withdrawal contributes to onset of labour")

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 8 – NORMAL PARAMETERS
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 8", "Normal Cycle Parameters")

sec("What is a Normal Period?")
normal_data = [
    ["Parameter", "Normal Range", "Notes"],
    ["Cycle length", "21 - 35 days", "Average 28 days; ~2/3 of women fall in 21-35 days"],
    ["Duration of flow", "2 - 6 days", "Average 4-5 days"],
    ["Blood loss volume", "20 - 60 mL", ">80 mL = heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)"],
    ["Interval variability", "< 7 days cycle-to-cycle", "Within the same woman over time"],
    ["Age of menarche", "10 - 15 years", "Average 12.5 years in developed countries"],
    ["Age of menopause", "45 - 55 years", "Average 51 years; defined as 12 months no periods"],
    ["Follicular phase length", "10 - 21 days", "Variable - source of most cycle variation"],
    ["Luteal phase length", "~14 days (12-16)", "Remarkably constant across women"],
]
norm_t = Table(normal_data, colWidths=[4.5*cm, 3.5*cm, W - 8*cm])
norm_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), BLUE),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_BLUE]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
]))
story.append(norm_t)
space()

sec("Common Menstrual Disorders")
disorders_data = [
    ["Term", "Definition"],
    ["Amenorrhoea (Primary)", "No period by age 15 in girl with secondary sex characteristics"],
    ["Amenorrhoea (Secondary)", "No period for 3+ months in a woman who previously had periods"],
    ["Oligomenorrhoea", "Infrequent periods - cycle length > 35 days"],
    ["Polymenorrhoea", "Frequent periods - cycle length < 21 days"],
    ["Menorrhagia", "Heavy periods - blood loss > 80 mL or flow lasting > 7 days"],
    ["Dysmenorrhoea", "Painful periods; primary (prostaglandins) or secondary (e.g. endometriosis)"],
    ["Metrorrhagia", "Irregular, intermenstrual bleeding"],
    ["Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)", "Physical/emotional symptoms in luteal phase, resolving with menses"],
    ["PMDD", "Severe PMS with significant mood disturbance (dysphoric symptoms)"],
    ["Anovulation", "Cycles without ovulation; common cause of infertility"],
]
dis_t = Table(disorders_data, colWidths=[4.5*cm, W - 4.5*cm])
dis_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), DARK_GREY),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), white),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0, 0), (-1, -1), 10),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1, -1), [white, LIGHT_GREY]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
]))
story.append(dis_t)
space()

story.append(PageBreak())

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# CHAPTER 9 – KEY POINTS SUMMARY
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
chapter("Chapter 9", "Key Points Summary")

sec("The Big Picture")
key_points = [
    ("1", "The menstrual cycle is controlled by the HPO axis: Hypothalamus → GnRH → Pituitary → FSH/LH → Ovary → Estrogen/Progesterone → Uterus."),
    ("2", "GnRH must be pulsatile to work. Continuous GnRH suppresses the axis (used clinically)."),
    ("3", "FSH recruits follicles in early follicular phase. One dominant follicle is selected around Day 6."),
    ("4", "The dominant follicle produces estradiol, which drives endometrial proliferation (follicular/proliferative phase)."),
    ("5", "Rising estradiol first inhibits then stimulates LH secretion (positive feedback), causing the LH surge."),
    ("6", "The LH surge triggers ovulation 24-36 hours later. Ovulation occurs around Day 14."),
    ("7", "After ovulation, the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, secreting large amounts of progesterone."),
    ("8", "Progesterone transforms the endometrium into secretory phase - ideal for implantation."),
    ("9", "The luteal phase is always ~14 days. Progesterone raises basal body temperature."),
    ("10", "If no pregnancy: corpus luteum regresses → hormones fall → endometrium sheds (menstruation)."),
    ("11", "If pregnancy: hCG from embryo rescues corpus luteum → progesterone maintained → no period."),
    ("12", "Cervical mucus is sperm-friendly at ovulation (watery, stretchy, ferning) and hostile in luteal phase (thick, no ferning)."),
]

for num, point in key_points:
    row_data = [[
        Paragraph(f"<font color='white'><b>{num}</b></font>",
                  make_style(f"kpnum{num}", fontSize=11, textColor=white,
                             fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Paragraph(point, body)
    ]]
    kp_t = Table(row_data, colWidths=[1*cm, W - 1*cm])
    bg = DEEP_PURPLE if int(num) % 2 == 1 else PINK
    kp_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (0, 0), bg),
        ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(1, 0), (1, 0), [LIGHT_PURPLE if int(num) % 2 == 1 else LIGHT_PINK]),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), 0.5, LIGHT_GREY),
    ]))
    story.append(kp_t)
    story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

space(10)
sec("References")
para("<b>Berek & Novak's Gynecology</b> (16th Edition) - Chapter 7: Menstrual Cycle Physiology")
para("<b>Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology</b> (26th Edition) - Chapter 22: Menstrual Cycle")
para("<b>Costanzo Physiology</b> (7th Edition) - Female Reproductive Physiology")
para("<b>The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology</b> - Moore & Persaud")
para("<b>Junqueira's Basic Histology</b> (17th Edition) - Endometrial Changes")

space(10)
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=2, color=MEDIUM_PURPLE, spaceAfter=8))
para(
    "<font color='#7B4DB3'><b>Prepared by Orris Medical Education  •  Based on authoritative medical textbooks  •  2026</b></font>"
)

# ── Page Template ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def on_first_page(canvas, doc):
    cover_page(canvas, doc)

def on_later_pages(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    w, h = A4
    # Top bar
    canvas.setFillColor(DEEP_PURPLE)
    canvas.rect(0, h - 22, w, 22, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.setFillColor(PINK)
    canvas.rect(0, h - 24, w, 2, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # Header text
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#E8D5F5"))
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9)
    canvas.drawString(2*cm, h - 15, "THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE - A COMPLETE EDUCATIONAL GUIDE")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.setFillColor(HexColor("#C0A0E0"))
    canvas.drawRightString(w - 2*cm, h - 15, "Orris Medical Education 2026")
    # Bottom bar
    canvas.setFillColor(DEEP_PURPLE)
    canvas.rect(0, 0, w, 20, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.setFillColor(PINK)
    canvas.rect(0, 20, w, 2, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # Page number
    canvas.setFillColor(white)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 9)
    canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 7, f"Page {doc.page}")
    canvas.restoreState()

# ── Build ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story,
          onFirstPage=on_first_page,
          onLaterPages=on_later_pages)

print(f"PDF generated: {OUTPUT_PATH}")