This clinical photograph is a side-by-side comparison chart showing the 'before' and 'after' results of carboxytherapy for dark under-eye circles (DUC) in a patient with Fitzpatrick skin type 3. The images provide a close-up view of the periorbital and infraorbital regions with eyes closed. The 'before' image (left) demonstrates significant infraorbital hyperpigmentation characterized by a dark, shadowed appearance in the tear trough area, along with fine lines and visible micro-vessels beneath the lower eyelid. The 'after' image (right) shows a visible reduction in pigmentation, resulting in a more even skin tone and decreased shadowing. Additionally, there is a subtle improvement in skin texture with a softened appearance of fine lines and a reduction in the prominence of superficial vascularity. This comparison illustrates the clinical effectiveness of carboxytherapy in improving microcirculation and reducing localized hyperpigmentation in the dermatological management of aesthetic periorbital concerns.

This clinical photograph presents a side-by-side 'before' and 'after' comparison of the periorbital and malar regions in a patient with pigmented dark under-eye circles (DUC). The 'before' image (left) shows significant infraorbital hyperpigmentation with a dark, mottled brown appearance extending from the medial canthus to the lateral periorbital area. There is visible skin texture irregularity and prominent fine lines in the lower eyelid and upper cheek regions. The 'after' image (right) demonstrates the clinical outcome following carboxytherapy, showing a marked reduction in pigmentation intensity and a more uniform skin tone. The treated area exhibits a smoother texture with diminished visibility of pores and fine wrinkles. Blue vertical lines are overlaid for measurement reference, likely marking the lateral, middle, and medial zones for quantitative ΔE (color change) analysis. This comparison illustrates the efficacy of carboxytherapy in managing periorbital hyperpigmentation and improving overall skin quality in Fitzpatrick skin type III individuals.

This clinical photograph displays the facial features and periorbital region of a 28-year-old patient. Key diagnostic observations include translucent, fair skin and a narrow nasal bridge. Both eyes exhibit significant infraorbital hyperpigmentation and hollows, often referred to as periorbital dark circles or 'raccoon eyes' appearance, which in this clinical context may relate to underlying vascular pathology or connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). The patient's right eye shows mild conjunctival injection at the inner canthus. The patient also demonstrates thin vermilion lips, a characteristic phenotypic feature associated with certain vascular-type connective tissue conditions. This image serves to illustrate the extraocular physical manifestations that can accompany internal vascular emergencies such as carotid-cavernous fistulas or central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Clinical photograph of a patient's face, specifically highlighting the periocular region. The image illustrates mild-to-moderate periocular hyperpigmentation, commonly referred to as dark circles or infraorbital hyperchromia. The discoloration is most prominent along the inferior orbital rim and lower eyelids, with a higher intensity of faint brownish pigmentation noted at the medial canthi. The skin texture appears relatively smooth, with the primary finding being the focal increase in melanin or vascular congestion in the periorbital tissues. This image serves as a post-treatment documentation frame, showing a satisfactory clinical response where the transverse and vertical dimensions of the hyperpigmentation have reduced. In an educational context, this visual demonstrates the clinical manifestation of periocular darkening which can be associated with external factors like kohl application or systemic issues like lead toxicity, and is used to evaluate the efficacy of dermatological or chelation interventions.