cd /home/daytona/workspace && python3 -c " import pdfplumber with pdfplumber.open('attachments/7af6b76c-c727-4992-8dc6-44b07c5d463a/Vitamins.pdf') as pdf: print(f'Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() print(f'--- PAGE {i+1} ---') print(text) print() "

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/fat-soluble-vitamins && python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm from reportlab.platypus import ( SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, KeepTogether ) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/fat-soluble-vitamins/Fat_Soluble_Vitamins_Revision.pdf" doc = SimpleDocTemplate( OUTPUT, pagesize=A4, rightMargin=2*cm, leftMargin=2*cm, topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm ) # ─── Color Palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── C_DARK = colors.HexColor("#1a1a2e") # dark navy (page header) C_VIT_A = colors.HexColor("#e76f51") # warm orange – Vitamin A C_VIT_D = colors.HexColor("#2a9d8f") # teal – Vitamin D C_VIT_E = colors.HexColor("#457b9d") # steel blue – Vitamin E C_VIT_K = colors.HexColor("#6a0572") # purple – Vitamin K C_LIGHT = colors.HexColor("#f1faee") # off-white – section header bg C_BULLET = colors.HexColor("#264653") # dark teal – bullet text C_GOLD = colors.HexColor("#e9c46a") # amber – accent # ─── Styles ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── styles = getSampleStyleSheet() title_style = ParagraphStyle( "MainTitle", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=22, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4, leading=28, ) sub_title_style = ParagraphStyle( "SubTitle", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor("#a8dadc"), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2, ) date_style = ParagraphStyle( "DateStyle", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor("#d4e09b"), alignment=TA_CENTER, ) vit_header_base = ParagraphStyle( "VitHeader", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=15, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_LEFT, leftIndent=6, spaceAfter=0, leading=20, ) section_label = ParagraphStyle( "SectionLabel", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9.5, textColor=colors.white, spaceAfter=1, leading=13, ) bullet_style = ParagraphStyle( "BulletItem", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9.5, textColor=C_BULLET, leftIndent=14, bulletIndent=4, spaceAfter=3, leading=13, ) sub_bullet_style = ParagraphStyle( "SubBullet", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor("#3d405b"), leftIndent=28, bulletIndent=18, spaceAfter=2, leading=12, ) note_style = ParagraphStyle( "Note", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor("#6c757d"), leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=3, leading=12, ) footer_style = ParagraphStyle( "Footer", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.HexColor("#adb5bd"), alignment=TA_CENTER, ) # ─── Helper functions ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── def colored_header(text, color, emoji=""): """Returns a Table that acts as a colored section header.""" p = Paragraph(f"{emoji} {text}", vit_header_base) t = Table([[p]], colWidths=[17.1*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), color), ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [6,6,6,6]), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) return t def sub_header(text, color): """Thin colored bar for sub-sections (Roles, Deficiency, etc.).""" p = Paragraph(text, section_label) t = Table([[p]], colWidths=[17.1*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), color), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ])) return t def b(text): return Paragraph(f"<bullet>\u2022</bullet> {text}", bullet_style) def sb(text): return Paragraph(f"<bullet>\u2023</bullet> {text}", sub_bullet_style) def note(text): return Paragraph(f"\u24d8 {text}", note_style) def sp(h=0.2): return Spacer(1, h*cm) def hr(color, thickness=0.8): return HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=thickness, color=color, spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=3) # ─── Build story ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── story = [] # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # TITLE PAGE HEADER (banner table) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ title_p = Paragraph("FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS", title_style) sub_p = Paragraph("Quick Revision Notes — A | D | E | K", sub_title_style) date_p = Paragraph("Exam Preparation • Pharmaceutical Chemistry II (Biochemistry) • June 2026", date_style) banner = Table([[title_p],[sub_p],[date_p]], colWidths=[17.1*cm]) banner.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), C_DARK), ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [8,8,8,8]), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 14), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 14), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ])) story.append(banner) story.append(sp(0.4)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # OVERVIEW TABLE # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ overview_hdr = Paragraph("<b>OVERVIEW — FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS COMPARISON</b>", ParagraphStyle( "OH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER )) ov_hdr_tbl = Table([[overview_hdr]], colWidths=[17.1*cm]) ov_hdr_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), C_DARK), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0),(-1,-1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1), 5), ])) story.append(ov_hdr_tbl) ov_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Feature</b>", ParagraphStyle("oh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white,alignment=TA_CENTER)), Paragraph("<b>Vitamin A</b>", ParagraphStyle("oh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white,alignment=TA_CENTER)), Paragraph("<b>Vitamin D</b>", ParagraphStyle("oh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white,alignment=TA_CENTER)), Paragraph("<b>Vitamin E</b>", ParagraphStyle("oh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white,alignment=TA_CENTER)), Paragraph("<b>Vitamin K</b>", ParagraphStyle("oh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white,alignment=TA_CENTER)), ], ["Other Name","Retinol","Calciferol","Tocopherol","Koagulation Vit."], ["Key Role","Vision & Growth","Ca²⁺ Homeostasis","Anti-oxidant","Blood Clotting"], ["Best Source","Fish liver oil","Fish liver oil","Wheat germ oil","Green vegetables"], ["RDA (adult)","5000 IU","5 µg","10 mg (M)","120 µg (M)"], ["Deficiency","Night blindness","Rickets/Osteomalacia","Rare (RBC hemolysis)","Bleeding tendency"], ["Toxicity","Hypervitaminosis A","Calcification of tissues","Muscular weakness","Rare / unclear"], ["Storage","Liver & fat tissue","Liver & fat tissue","Liver & fat tissue","Limited (tissues)"], ] ov_col = [3.4*cm, 3.4*cm, 3.4*cm, 3.4*cm, 3.5*cm] ov_tbl = Table(ov_data, colWidths=ov_col, repeatRows=1) ov_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_DARK), ("TEXTCOLOR", (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ("FONTNAME", (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("FONTSIZE", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.5), ("ALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "CENTER"), ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor("#f8f9fa"), colors.HexColor("#e9ecef")]), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#ced4da")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ])) story.append(ov_tbl) story.append(sp(0.5)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # VITAMIN A # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(colored_header("VITAMIN A — Retinol (Growth Vitamin)", C_VIT_A, "🟠")) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(sub_header("📌 KEY IDENTITY POINTS", colors.HexColor("#c1440e"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Also called: <b>Retinol</b> | Growth Vitamin", "Chemical formula: <b>C₂₀H₃₀O</b> (all-trans-retinol)", "Destroyed by high temperature in presence of O₂/air; also degraded by sunlight", "Occurs only in <b>animal kingdom</b> — NOT in plants (plants have precursor β-carotene)", "Pro-vitamin: <b>β-Carotene</b> (C₄₀H₅₆) — converted to Vit. A in the liver", "Active metabolites: Retinol → Retinaldehyde (Retinal) → Retinoic acid", "Vitamin A₂: has extra double bond between C₃–C₄ — found in freshwater fish liver", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🏭 SOURCES", colors.HexColor("#b5451b"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Richest source:</b> Halibut liver oil, shark liver oil, cod liver oil", "Liver, egg yolk, butter, cheese, whole milk", "β-Carotene (pro-vitamin A) in: carrots, sweet potato, yellow corn, spinach, peaches", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚗️ CHEMISTRY — KEY FORMS", colors.HexColor("#9d3b10"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) chem_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Form</b>", ParagraphStyle("ch",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Group at C-15</b>", ParagraphStyle("ch",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Notes</b>", ParagraphStyle("ch",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9))], ["Retinol (Vit A)", "-CH₂OH", "Main storage form"], ["Retinaldehyde", "-CHO", "Active in vision (visual cycle)"], ["Retinoic acid", "-COOH", "Gene expression & differentiation"], ["β-Carotene", "2× β-ionone rings", "Pro-vitamin A; anti-oxidant"], ] ch_tbl = Table(chem_data, colWidths=[4.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 8.1*cm]) ch_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_VIT_A), ("TEXTCOLOR", (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ("FONTNAME", (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("FONTSIZE", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.5), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor("#fff3f0"), colors.white]), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#fcd5c8")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) story.append(ch_tbl) story.append(sp(0.15)) story.append(sub_header("💊 RDA", colors.HexColor("#9d3b10"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Adult (male/female): <b>5000 IU/day</b>", "Pregnancy & lactation: <b>10,000–15,000 IU/day</b>", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🔬 BIOLOGICAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES", colors.HexColor("#9d3b10"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Vision:</b> Retinal + Opsin → Rhodopsin (visual pigment in rods) → prevents night blindness", "<b>Growth & Reproduction:</b> Normal growth, reproductive function", "<b>Epithelium integrity:</b> Maintains skin, respiratory tract, GI tract epithelium", "<b>Glycoprotein synthesis</b> and <b>MPS (mucopolysaccharide) synthesis</b>", "<b>Bone & teeth formation</b>", "<b>Gene expression</b> and tissue differentiation (retinoic acid)", "<b>Immune system</b> maintenance", "<b>Mitochondrial membrane</b> function", "<b>β-Carotene as anti-oxidant</b> → reduces cancer risk (lung, bladder, stomach, prostate)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚠️ HYPERVITAMINOSIS A (TOXICITY)", colors.HexColor("#8b0000"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Acute: headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, vertigo, drowsiness, anorexia", "Chronic (excess): bone disease — excess Vit A prevents Ca²⁺ absorption → hypercalcemia", "Classic example: eating <b>polar bear liver</b>", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("❌ HYPOVITAMINOSIS A (DEFICIENCY)", colors.HexColor("#8b0000"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Night blindness</b> → <b>Xerophthalmia</b> (complete blindness)", "Excessive dryness of skin (dry, scaly skin)", "Hypercalcemia", "Increased susceptibility to infections (GI tract & respiratory system)", "Vegetable oil as sole fat source → likely deficiency (no retinol in plant oils)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.5)) story.append(hr(C_VIT_A)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # VITAMIN D # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(sp(0.3)) story.append(colored_header("VITAMIN D — Calciferol (Sunshine Vitamin)", C_VIT_D, "🟢")) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(sub_header("📌 KEY IDENTITY POINTS", colors.HexColor("#1d7a70"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Also called: <b>Calciferol</b> | Anti-Richet Vitamin | Sunshine Vitamin", "Acts as a <b>hormone</b> — regulates calcium absorption and homeostasis", "Formed by action of <b>UV rays</b> on precursor sterols (7-dehydrocholesterol) in skin", "Promotes <b>calcification</b> of body structures", "Pure Vit D₂ & D₃ are white odorless crystals — soluble in alcohol & chloroform", "Stable in oil solution; unstable when compounded with mineral salts in tablet form", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🏭 SOURCES", colors.HexColor("#1d7a70"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Best:</b> Cod liver oil and other fish liver oils", "<b>Good:</b> Flesh of oily fish, egg yolk", "<b>Poor:</b> Milk", "<b>D₂ source:</b> Ergot / vegetables (ergosterol → D₂ by UV)", "<b>D₃ source:</b> Animal origin (7-dehydrocholesterol → D₃ by sunlight in skin)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚗️ CHEMISTRY — PRO-VITAMINS & ACTIVE FORM", colors.HexColor("#155f57"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Pro-vitamins (precursors):</b> Ergosterol (plant) & 7-dehydrocholesterol (animal/skin)", "UV irradiation of skin → <b>Cholecalciferol (D₃)</b>", "Ergosterol + UV → <b>Ergocalciferol (D₂)</b>", "Both D₂ & D₃ hydroxylated in <b>liver</b> at C-25 → 25-hydroxycholecalciferol", "Then hydroxylated in <b>kidney</b> at C-1 → <b>1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol)</b> — ACTIVE form", "D-binding protein transports Vit D from skin/intestine → liver → kidney", "High Ca²⁺ demand → PTH stimulates 1-hydroxylase in kidney → ↑ Calcitriol", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("💊 RDA", colors.HexColor("#155f57"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Children: <b>10 µg (400 IU)/day</b>", "Adults: <b>5 µg/day</b>", "Nursing mothers: <b>10 µg/day</b>", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🔬 BIOCHEMICAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES", colors.HexColor("#155f57"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Calcitriol (active form) acts as hormone</b> — regulates calcium homeostasis", "↑ Absorption of Ca²⁺ & phosphate by mucous cells of <b>duodenum and jejunum</b>", "Promotes <b>mineralization</b> of bone by increasing osteoblasts", "Acts as <b>co-enzyme for alkaline phosphatases</b>", "Promotes <b>enameling of teeth</b> and growth", "Influences <b>citric acid metabolism</b> (mechanism not fully explained)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚠️ HYPERVITAMINOSIS D (TOXICITY)", colors.HexColor("#0d4f48"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, intense thirst", "<b>Muscle wasting</b> in children", "<b>Calcification of soft tissues</b> — arteries, lungs, kidneys", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("❌ HYPOVITAMINOSIS D (DEFICIENCY)", colors.HexColor("#0d4f48"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Rickets (children):</b> deformation/bending of weight-bearing bones", "<b>Osteomalacia (adults):</b> softening of bones, bone aches/pains, prone to fractures", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.5)) story.append(hr(C_VIT_D)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # VITAMIN E # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(sp(0.3)) story.append(colored_header("VITAMIN E — Tocopherol (Anti-Sterility Vitamin)", C_VIT_E, "🔵")) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(sub_header("📌 KEY IDENTITY POINTS", colors.HexColor("#2c5f7a"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Also called: <b>Tocopherol</b> | Anti-sterility Vitamin", "First discovered in <b>1936</b>", "Group of <b>8 compounds</b>: α, β, γ, δ, ε₁, ε₂, γ₁, γ₂ — most important: α, β, γ, δ", "<b>α-Tocopherol</b> is most biologically active", "Physical form: Greenish-yellow, odorless, viscous oily liquid", "Freely soluble in organic solvents and fixed oils", "Powerful <b>anti-oxidant</b> — scavenges free radicals in cell membranes", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚗️ CHEMISTRY — STRUCTURE", colors.HexColor("#1e4d66"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(b("Basic structure: <b>Chromane ring (tocol)</b> + trimethyl tridecyl side chain")) story.append(sp(0.05)) toco_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Tocopherol</b>", ParagraphStyle("tc",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Full Name</b>", ParagraphStyle("tc",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Formula</b>", ParagraphStyle("tc",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9))], ["α-Tocopherol", "5,7,8-Trimethyl tocol", "C₂₉H₅₀O₂"], ["β-Tocopherol", "5,8-Dimethyl tocol", "C₂₈H₄₈O₂"], ["γ-Tocopherol", "7,8-Dimethyl tocol", "C₂₈H₄₈O₂"], ["δ-Tocopherol", "8-Methyl tocol", "—"], ] tc_tbl = Table(toco_data, colWidths=[4*cm, 7*cm, 6.1*cm]) tc_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_VIT_E), ("TEXTCOLOR", (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ("FONTNAME", (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("FONTSIZE", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.5), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor("#eef4f8"), colors.white]), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#b8d4e3")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) story.append(tc_tbl) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🏭 SOURCES", colors.HexColor("#1e4d66"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Wheat germ oil, rice germ, corn germ oil, <b>cotton seed oil, soya oil</b>", "Lettuce, rosehips, green leafy vegetables", "Seed germs (richest plant sources)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("💊 RDA", colors.HexColor("#1e4d66"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Males: <b>10 mg/day</b>", "Females: <b>8 mg/day</b>", "Pregnancy: <b>10 mg/day</b>", "Lactation: <b>12 mg/day</b>", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🔬 BIOCHEMICAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES", colors.HexColor("#1e4d66"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Powerful anti-oxidant</b> — converts free radicals into non-harmful forms; protects cell membranes & plasma lipoproteins", "<b>Protects RBCs from hemolysis</b> — prevents per-oxidation of RBC membranes", "<b>Slows aging process</b> — reduces cumulative damage from free radicals", "<b>Nucleic acid metabolism</b> — tocopherols are component of cytochrome reductase (part of terminal respiratory chain)", "<b>Protein synthesis</b>", "<b>Heme synthesis</b>", "<b>Prevents hepatic necrosis</b>", "Role in enzyme regulation: creatinine kinase, liver xanthine oxidase", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚠️ HYPERVITAMINOSIS E (TOXICITY)", colors.HexColor("#0f3a54"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Observed only with large doses in animals — symptoms reversible", "Skeletal muscle weakness", "Gastrointestinal disorders", "Disturbance of reproductive functions", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("❌ HYPOVITAMINOSIS E (DEFICIENCY)", colors.HexColor("#0f3a54"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(b("<b>Human deficiency NOT clinically reported</b>")) story.append(b("In experimental volunteers, deficiency produced:")) for item in [ "Increased fragility of RBCs (hemolysis)", "Muscular weakness", "Creatinuria (creatinine in urine)", ]: story.append(sb(item)) story.append(sp(0.5)) story.append(hr(C_VIT_E)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # VITAMIN K # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(sp(0.3)) story.append(colored_header("VITAMIN K — Koagulation Vitamin (Anti-Hemorrhagic)", C_VIT_K, "🟣")) story.append(sp(0.2)) story.append(sub_header("📌 KEY IDENTITY POINTS", colors.HexColor("#4a0360"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Also called: <b>Koagulation Vitamin</b> | Anti-hemorrhagic Vitamin", "Discovered by <b>Dam (1929)</b> — Danish scientist", "'K' stands for <b>Koagulation</b> (Danish/German spelling)", "Well-known for role in <b>blood clotting</b>", "<b>Heat stable</b>; sensitive to light, oxidizing agents, X-rays, radiation, aspirin", "Activity can be lost in <b>frozen food</b>", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚗️ CHEMISTRY — TYPES OF VITAMIN K", colors.HexColor("#3a0250"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(b("Basic ring structure: <b>2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone</b>")) story.append(sp(0.05)) k_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Type</b>", ParagraphStyle("kh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Name</b>", ParagraphStyle("kh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9)), Paragraph("<b>Key Features</b>", ParagraphStyle("kh",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9))], ["K₁", "Phylloquinone (C₃₁H₄₆O₂)", "Natural; dietary source (green veg); light sensitive; oily liquid at 20°C"], ["K₂", "Menaquinones", "Natural; crystalline (mp 50–52°C); synthesized by intestinal bacteria (gram +ve); variable side chains (MK-4, MK-7)"], ["K₃", "Menadione (C₁₁H₈O₂)", "Synthetic — does NOT occur naturally"], ["K₄", "Menadiol diacetate", "Synthetic — does NOT occur naturally"], ["K₅", "2-Methyl-4-amino-1-naphthol HCl", "Synthetic — does NOT occur naturally"], ] k_tbl = Table(k_data, colWidths=[1.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 11.1*cm]) k_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_VIT_K), ("TEXTCOLOR", (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ("FONTNAME", (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("FONTSIZE", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.5), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor("#f5e6ff"), colors.white]), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#d3a5f5")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"), ])) story.append(k_tbl) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🏭 SOURCES", colors.HexColor("#3a0250"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Natto (fermented soy) — <b>richest source</b>", "Spring onions, Brussels sprouts, <b>cabbage, green vegetables</b>", "Dairy (fermented), prunes, cucumbers, dried basil", "Animal tissues", "<b>K₂ synthesized by normal GIT flora</b> (gram-positive bacteria)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("💊 RDA", colors.HexColor("#3a0250"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Males: <b>120 µg/day</b>", "Females: <b>90 µg/day</b>", "Pregnancy & lactation: (specific value not defined — maintain adequate intake)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("🔬 BIOCHEMICAL ROLES", colors.HexColor("#3a0250"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "<b>Blood clotting factors:</b> Essential for liver synthesis of Factors <b>II (prothrombin), VII, IX, X</b>", "Mechanism: <b>post-translational modification</b> (Vit K is NOT part of clotting factor structures — it modifies them)", "Used clinically: supplements recommended <b>before/after surgery</b> to prevent bleeding", "Role in <b>ETC (electron transport chain)</b> — structure similar to Coenzyme Q", "Essential component of <b>photosynthetic process</b>", "<b>Prevents osteoporosis</b> and bone fractures", "K₁ and K₂ require <b>bile salts</b> for absorption → absorbed via lymph → plasma (carried with albumin)", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("⚠️ HYPERVITAMINOSIS K (TOXICITY)", colors.HexColor("#2a0140"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) for item in [ "Upper limit is not clearly defined; bioavailability variable", "<b>Toxicity has NOT been reported</b> in humans", ]: story.append(b(item)) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(sub_header("❌ DEFICIENCY — CAUSES & EFFECTS", colors.HexColor("#2a0140"))) story.append(sp(0.1)) story.append(b("<b>Primary deficiency rare in healthy adults</b> — average diet usually sufficient")) story.append(b("Conditions causing deficiency → <b>bleeding tendencies</b>:")) for item in [ "<b>Obstructive jaundice / biliary fistula</b> — lack of bile → poor Vit K absorption", "<b>Diarrheal diseases</b> (sprue, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis) — impaired absorption", "<b>Broad-spectrum antibiotics</b> — kills GIT flora → stops K₂ synthesis", "<b>Anti-vitamin K drugs</b> (e.g., Warfarin) — competitive inhibition", "<b>Uremia, parenteral nutrition, post-surgery</b> — increased risk", "<b>Newborns (especially premature)</b> — Vit K does not cross placenta easily; breast milk deficient; immature liver → hypoprothrombinemia → intracranial bleeding, skin/GIT bleeding", "Prevention: Vit K given to mother before delivery OR to newborn immediately after birth", ]: story.append(sb(item)) story.append(sp(0.5)) story.append(hr(C_VIT_K)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # QUICK MEMORY TABLE # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(sp(0.3)) memo_hdr_p = Paragraph("⚡ QUICK MEMORY TABLE — FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS", ParagraphStyle( "MH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER )) memo_hdr_tbl = Table([[memo_hdr_p]], colWidths=[17.1*cm]) memo_hdr_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), C_DARK), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8), ])) story.append(memo_hdr_tbl) memo_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Vitamin</b>", ParagraphStyle("m",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white)), Paragraph("<b>Mnemonic / Key Fact</b>", ParagraphStyle("m",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white)), Paragraph("<b>Active/Co-enzyme Form</b>", ParagraphStyle("m",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white)), Paragraph("<b>Deficiency Disease</b>", ParagraphStyle("m",fontName="Helvetica-Bold",fontSize=9,textColor=colors.white)), ], ["Vit A", "Retinol — 'A for ACUITY (vision)'", "Retinaldehyde (visual cycle)\nRetinoic acid (gene expression)", "Night blindness → Xerophthalmia"], ["Vit D", "Calciferol — 'D for DENSITY (bone)'", "Calcitriol [1,25-(OH)₂D₃]\n(activated in liver then kidney)", "Rickets (child) / Osteomalacia (adult)"], ["Vit E", "Tocopherol — 'E for ERYTHROCYTES'", "α-Tocopherol (most active)\nComponent of cytochrome reductase", "Hemolysis of RBCs; rare clinically"], ["Vit K", "Koagulation — 'K for KOAGULATION'", "Acts via post-translational modification\nof clotting factors II, VII, IX, X", "Hemorrhagic tendency / Bleeding"], ] memo_tbl = Table(memo_data, colWidths=[2*cm, 5*cm, 5.5*cm, 4.6*cm], repeatRows=1) memo_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), C_DARK), ("BACKGROUND", (0,1), (0,1), colors.HexColor("#ffe0d4")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,2), (0,2), colors.HexColor("#d4f0ec")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,3), (0,3), colors.HexColor("#d4e5f0")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,4), (0,4), colors.HexColor("#ead4f5")), ("FONTSIZE", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8.5), ("FONTNAME", (0,1), (0,-1), "Helvetica-Bold"), ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(1,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor("#fdfdfd"), colors.HexColor("#f5f5f5")]), ("BACKGROUND", (0,1), (0,1), colors.HexColor("#ffe0d4")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,2), (0,2), colors.HexColor("#d4f0ec")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,3), (0,3), colors.HexColor("#d4e5f0")), ("BACKGROUND", (0,4), (0,4), colors.HexColor("#ead4f5")), ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#dee2e6")), ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"), ])) story.append(memo_tbl) story.append(sp(0.4)) # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # FOOTER # ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story.append(hr(C_DARK, 1)) story.append(Paragraph( "Pharmaceutical Chemistry II (Biochemistry) | Fat Soluble Vitamins Revision | June 2026 • Good Luck on Your Exam! 🍀", footer_style )) # ─── Build ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── doc.build(story) print("PDF created successfully:", OUTPUT) PYEOF