Body of a moderately built and nourished adult male of height 162cm and weight 77kg. Face was livid. Eyes were closed, conjunctivae congested, corneae clear, pupils dilated. Blood stained fine froth was seen coming out of mouth and nostrils. Other external body orifices were normal. Finger nails bluish. Wrinkling, bleaching and soddening were present on fingers of both hands. Sand particles were seen sticking on body at places Rigor mortis was fully established and retained all over the body. Postmortem staining was present on the back of body, not fixed. No sign of decomposition was present. (Body was not kept in cold chamber) INJURIES (ANTE-MORTEM) 1. Abrasion 2x0.5 cm on right cheek, 2 cm infront of the tragus of right ear 2. Linear abrasion 4x0.1 cm, horizontal on left side of back of trunk its inner end being placed 18 cm outer to midline and 16 cm below top of shoulder. 3. Contusion 4x2x1 cm on back of trunk in midline, 10 cm above natal cleft. 4. Contusion 2x1x0.3 cm on right side of back of trunk, 19 cm outer to midline and 30 cm below top of shoulder Brain was congested and oedematous. Air passages contained sand particles and blood-stained fine froth upto the smallest dissectable divisions and its mucosa was reddish. Lungs (right lung - 895 grams , left lung- 792 grams) were pale, doughy and crepitant. Subpleural confluent haemorrhages were present on surface of both lungs. Cut-section of lungs exuded fine froth. Walls, valves, chambers and blood vessels of heart were normal. Aorta showed atheromatous plaques and reddish discolouration of intima at places. Stomach contained 100 ml of watery fluid and a few meat particles having no unusual smell, mucosa showed submucosal haemorrhages. Liver showed cirrhotic changes. Urinary bladder was empty. All other internal organs were congested otherwise appeared normal. Body cavities emitted a sour smell. Sample of blood , bone marrow and water sample provided by the Investigating officer were preserved and sent for Chemical Examiner’s Laboratory 1. Frame opinion as to the cause of death? Find out time since death.(5 marks) 2. What is diatom test?(1mark) 3. What is Paltauf haemorrhage?(1 mark) 4. What are the cardinal signs of asphyxia?(1 mark) 5. What is hydrocution? (1 mark) 6. How will you find out time since death from stomach contents in this case(1mark)