mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/sensory-pathway-pptx

~/sensory-pathway-pptx/build.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");

const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Sensory Pathways";
pres.author = "Medical Neuroscience";

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// ====================== BUILD SLIDES ======================

// SLIDE 1: Title
titleSlide(pres);

// SLIDE 2: Overview / Introduction
contentSlide(pres,
  "Overview: The Sensory System",
  [
    "The sensory system detects stimuli from the body and environment and relays them to the brain for processing and perception.",
    "Sensory information travels via three-neuron chains: first-order, second-order, and third-order neurons.",
    "Two major ascending spinal pathways carry distinct sensory modalities to the cortex:",
    { sub: "Posterior Column – Medial Lemniscal (DCML) Pathway" },
    { sub: "Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathway" },
    "Both pathways converge at the thalamus and project to the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus).",
    "Additional special senses have dedicated pathways: visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and vestibular."
  ],
  "Source: Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, 3rd Ed."
);

// SLIDE 3: Types of Sensory Receptors
contentSlide(pres,
  "Sensory Receptors: The Starting Point",
  [
    "Mechanoreceptors – detect touch, pressure, vibration (e.g., Meissner, Pacinian, Merkel, Ruffini corpuscles)",
    "Thermoreceptors – detect warm and cold temperature changes",
    "Nociceptors – free nerve endings responding to pain (mechanical, chemical, thermal)",
    "Proprioceptors – muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs; detect body position & joint movement",
    "Chemoreceptors – respond to chemical stimuli (taste, smell, O2/CO2 levels)",
    "Photoreceptors – rods and cones in the retina for vision",
    "Receptor potential: depolarisation of receptor triggers action potential in afferent neuron"
  ],
  "Receptor type determines which pathway carries the signal centrally."
);

// SLIDE 4: Peripheral Nerve Fibers
contentSlide(pres,
  "Peripheral Sensory Nerve Fiber Classification",
  [
    "Aβ (A-beta) fibers – large, myelinated; carry touch, vibration, proprioception; fast conduction (30–70 m/s)",
    "Aδ (A-delta) fibers – small, myelinated; carry sharp/fast pain and cold temperature (5–30 m/s)",
    "C fibers – unmyelinated; carry slow/burning pain, warmth, itch; slowest conduction (<2 m/s)",
    "Ia/Ib fibers – largest diameter; proprioception from muscle spindles & Golgi tendon organs",
    "Dorsal root ganglion (DRG): cell bodies of all primary afferent neurons lie here",
    { sub: "DRG neurons are pseudounipolar – one axon splits into peripheral and central branches" }
  ],
  "Fiber diameter and myelination determine conduction velocity and modality carried."
);

// SLIDE 5: Section divider – DCML
sectionDivider(pres, 1, "Dorsal Column – Medial Lemniscal Pathway", "Fine Touch • Vibration • Proprioception • 2-Point Discrimination");

// SLIDE 6: DCML Pathway – Detail
contentSlide(pres,
  "Posterior Column – Medial Lemniscal (DCML) Pathway",
  [
    "1st-order neuron: Large myelinated axons enter via medial dorsal root entry zone; ascend IPSILATERALLY in posterior (dorsal) columns",
    { sub: "Gracile fasciculus (medial): legs and lower trunk (below T6)" },
    { sub: "Cuneate fasciculus (lateral): arms, upper trunk, neck (above T6)" },
    "1st synapse: Nucleus gracilis & nucleus cuneatus in the caudal medulla",
    "2nd-order neuron: Axons cross as internal arcuate fibers → form medial lemniscus CONTRALATERALLY in medulla",
    "Medial lemniscus ascends through brainstem → synapse in VPL nucleus of thalamus",
    "3rd-order neuron: VPL → posterior limb internal capsule → primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1, 2; postcentral gyrus)"
  ],
  "Decussation occurs in medulla – lesion above decussation causes contralateral deficit."
);

// SLIDE 7: Somatotopic organization
contentSlide(pres,
  "Somatotopic Organization of DCML",
  [
    "Posterior columns (spinal cord): medial = legs (gracile), lateral = arms (cuneate)",
    "Mnemonic: fibers add on LATERALLY as the pathway ascends from lower levels",
    "Medial lemniscus in medulla: VERTICAL – feet ventral, head dorsal ('little person stands up')",
    "Medial lemniscus in pons/midbrain: INCLINED – arms medial, legs lateral ('little person lies down')",
    "VPL thalamus: precise somatotopic map maintained",
    "Primary somatosensory cortex (SI): classic homunculus – face lateral, legs on medial wall",
    "Secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in parietal operculum: bilateral representation"
  ],
  "Note the reversal: in posterior columns, legs are MEDIAL; in medial lemniscus pons/midbrain, legs are LATERAL."
);

// SLIDE 8: Section divider – Anterolateral
sectionDivider(pres, 2, "Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathway", "Pain • Temperature • Crude Touch");

// SLIDE 9: Anterolateral Pathway – Detail
contentSlide(pres,
  "Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathway",
  [
    "1st-order neuron: Small myelinated (Aδ) and unmyelinated (C) fibers enter via lateral dorsal root entry zone",
    { sub: "Some axon collaterals ascend/descend 2–3 segments in Lissauer's tract before synapsing" },
    "1st synapse: Dorsal horn – mainly lamina I (marginal zone) and lamina V",
    "2nd-order neuron: Crosses in anterior (ventral) commissure – takes 2–3 segments to fully cross",
    "Ascends CONTRALATERALLY in anterolateral white matter",
    { sub: "Somatotopic: legs most lateral, arms most medial (opposite to posterior columns)" },
    "Reaches brainstem: laterally in medulla, then lateral to medial lemniscus in pons/midbrain",
    "3rd-order neuron: VPL thalamus → somatosensory radiations → primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1, 2)"
  ],
  "Lesion at spinal cord: contralateral pain/temp loss begins 2–3 segments BELOW lesion level."
);

// SLIDE 10: Three Anterolateral Tracts
contentSlide(pres,
  "Three Components of the Anterolateral System",
  [
    "1. Spinothalamic tract (lateral/ventral)",
    { sub: "Mediates discriminative pain & temperature: location, intensity, character of stimulus" },
    { sub: "Projects to VPL thalamus → somatosensory cortex – 'Where & how intense?'" },
    "2. Spinoreticular tract",
    { sub: "Projects to medullary-pontine reticular formation → intralaminar thalamic nuclei (centromedian nucleus)" },
    { sub: "Involved in emotional/arousal aspects of pain – 'Ouch, that hurts!'" },
    "3. Spinomesencephalic tract",
    { sub: "Projects to midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and superior colliculi" },
    { sub: "PAG mediates descending pain MODULATION (endogenous opioid system)" }
  ],
  "Source: Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, 3rd Ed., p. 304"
);

// SLIDE 11: Comparison Table
tableSlide(pres,
  "DCML vs. Anterolateral Pathway: Comparison",
  ["Feature", "DCML Pathway", "Anterolateral Pathway"],
  [
    ["Modalities", "Fine touch, vibration, proprioception, 2-point discrimination", "Pain, temperature, crude touch"],
    ["Fiber type", "Large Aβ / Ia/Ib (myelinated)", "Small Aδ and C (unmyelinated/thin)"],
    ["1st synapse", "Nucleus gracilis / cuneatus (medulla)", "Dorsal horn lamina I & V (spinal cord)"],
    ["Decussation site", "Medulla (internal arcuate fibers)", "Spinal cord (anterior commissure)"],
    ["Ascending side", "Ipsilateral in cord; contralateral in brainstem", "Contralateral throughout"],
    ["Thalamic relay", "VPL nucleus", "VPL + intralaminar nuclei"],
    ["Cortical target", "Primary somatosensory cortex (SI)", "SI + diffuse cortical projection"],
  ]
);

// SLIDE 12: Thalamus – Gateway
contentSlide(pres,
  "The Thalamus: Gateway to Conscious Sensation",
  [
    "ALL sensory information (except olfaction) relays through the thalamus before reaching cortex",
    "Ventral Posterior Lateral (VPL) nucleus: somatosensory relay for body – receives DCML & spinothalamic input",
    "Ventral Posterior Medial (VPM) nucleus: somatosensory relay for face (trigeminal pathway)",
    "Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN): auditory relay",
    "Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN): visual relay",
    "Intralaminar nuclei (centromedian): pain arousal, diffuse cortical activation",
    "Thalamus acts as a gate – filters and modulates sensory signals before cortical processing"
  ],
  "VPL and VPM project via the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the postcentral gyrus (areas 3, 1, 2)."
);

// SLIDE 13: Clinical Correlations
twoColSlide(pres,
  "Clinical Correlations: Sensory Pathway Lesions",
  "Posterior Column Lesions",
  [
    "Loss of vibration & position sense BELOW lesion (ipsilateral in cord)",
    "Pain & temperature largely preserved",
    "Paresthesias: tingling, pins-and-needles",
    "Positive Romberg sign (balance depends on proprioception)",
    "Agraphesthesia; impaired 2-point discrimination",
    "Causes: MS, B12/copper deficiency, tabes dorsalis, HIV, HTLV-1"
  ],
  "Spinothalamic Lesions",
  [
    "Loss of pain & temperature CONTRALATERAL, 2–3 segments below lesion",
    "Touch preserved (crude touch can travel both pathways)",
    "Brown-Séquard syndrome: ipsilateral proprioception loss + contralateral pain/temp loss",
    "Anterior spinal artery syndrome: bilateral pain/temp loss with preserved proprioception",
    "Wallenberg (lateral medullary) syndrome: crossed face & body sensory loss"
  ]
);

// SLIDE 14: Special Sensory Pathways
contentSlide(pres,
  "Special Sensory Pathways: Brief Overview",
  [
    "Visual pathway: Retina → Optic nerve (CN II) → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN thalamus → Visual cortex (occipital, V1)",
    { sub: "Nasal fibers decussate at chiasm; temporal fibers stay ipsilateral" },
    "Auditory pathway: Cochlea → CN VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Bilateral olivary complex → Inferior colliculus → MGN thalamus → Auditory cortex (A1, temporal lobe)",
    "Olfactory pathway: Olfactory epithelium → CN I → Olfactory bulb/tract → Olfactory cortex (piriform cortex) – the ONLY sense bypassing thalamus",
    "Vestibular pathway: Semicircular canals/otoliths → CN VIII → Vestibular nuclei → Thalamus / Cerebellum / Spinal cord",
    "Gustatory pathway: Taste buds → CN VII/IX/X → Nucleus tractus solitarius → VPM thalamus → Gustatory cortex (insula)"
  ],
  "Olfaction uniquely bypasses the thalamus and projects directly to the olfactory cortex."
);

// SLIDE 15: Summary / Conclusion
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s15.addText("KEY TAKEAWAYS", {
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});

const keyPoints = [
  { text: "Two major spinal sensory pathways: DCML (touch/vibration/proprioception) and Anterolateral (pain/temperature).", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, breakLine: true, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } },
  { text: "DCML decussates in the medulla; anterolateral pathway decussates in the spinal cord – explaining different sides of deficit.", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, breakLine: true, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } },
  { text: "All somatosensory signals (except pain arousal) relay via VPL thalamus → somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus).", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, breakLine: true, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } },
  { text: "Anterolateral system = 3 tracts: spinothalamic (discriminative pain), spinoreticular (emotional pain), spinomesencephalic (pain modulation via PAG).", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, breakLine: true, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } },
  { text: "Clinical syndromes (Brown-Séquard, Wallenberg, anterior cord, posterior column) localize lesions by the pattern of sensory loss.", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, breakLine: true, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } },
  { text: "Olfaction is unique – the only special sense that bypasses the thalamus.", options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", color: TEAL }, fontSize: 15, color: WHITE, paraSpaceBefore: 8 } }
];
s15.addText(keyPoints, { x: 0.5, y: 1.05, w: 9, h: 4.3, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top" });

// ====================== WRITE FILE ======================
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/sensory-pathway-pptx/Sensory_Pathways.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("DONE: Sensory_Pathways.pptx written"))
  .catch(e => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });

cd /home/daytona/workspace/sensory-pathway-pptx && node build.js 2>&1

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/sensory-pathway-pptx/Sensory_Pathways.pptx