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analyse_media
analyse_media
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brainstem anatomy
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cranial nerve nuclei vestibular area nucleus ambiguus diencephalon embryology pyramidal decussation anatomy
1. Fill in the gaps
1.1 Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
The vestibular area overlies the vestibular nuclei, associated with CN VIII.
The vestibular area overlies the vestibular nuclei, associated with CN VIII.
1.2 Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves
The nucleus ambiguus supplies branchial motor fibers to these nerves. Some descriptions also include its caudal contribution to the cranial part of CN XI.
The nucleus ambiguus supplies branchial motor fibers to these nerves. Some descriptions also include its caudal contribution to the cranial part of CN XI.
1.3 Diencephalon
The thalamencephalon, hypothalamus, and third ventricle develop from the diencephalon.
The thalamencephalon, hypothalamus, and third ventricle develop from the diencephalon.
2. Test
2.1. D) Accessory nerve
It has nuclei in both the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
It has nuclei in both the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
2.2. A and C: Trapezoid body and superior olivary nucleus
Both are structures of the pons.
Both are structures of the pons.
2.3. A) Pyramidal decussation
This is the conventional boundary between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
This is the conventional boundary between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
The locations and cranial-nerve associations of the vestibular nuclei and nucleus ambiguus are consistent with this cranial nerve nuclei reference. The pyramidal decussation occurs at the medulla-spinal cord junction.
Trigeminal?
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Yes. Trigeminal nerve (CN V) should also be included.
- Trigeminal nerve: the spinal trigeminal nucleus extends from the pons through the medulla into the upper cervical spinal cord.
- Accessory nerve (CN XI): has a cranial component related to the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla and a spinal accessory nucleus in the cervical spinal cord.
So for 2.1, the best answer is: A) Trigeminal and D) Accessory nerves.
My prior answer listing only the accessory nerve was incomplete.
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