Summary : This figure presents the systolic blood pressure (SBP) categories and recommended treatment target ranges, including considerations for specific patient populations and clinical scenarios. dial chart: # SBP Categories & Target Ranges : • Non-elevated SBP: <120 mmHg (green zone). • Elevated SBP: 120–139 mmHg (yellow zone). • Systolic hypertension: ≥140 mmHg (red zone). • SBP target range: 120–129 mmHg (Class I recommendation, green highlight). • SBP 120 mmHg is the optimal point in this range if tolerated. # Special Considerations : • Target SBP as low as reasonably achievable (preferably <140 mmHg) if 120–129 mmHg target not tolerated or in these settings: – Pre-treatment symptomatic orthostatic hypotension and/or age ≥85 years (Class IIa, yellow box). – Clinically significant moderate-to-severe frailty at any age and/or limited predicted lifespan (<3 years) (Class IIb, orange box). # Clinical Actions : • Assess for symptoms or signs of hypotension (dashed black box). • Exclude hypertensive emergency (dashed red box). # Design Encodings : • Dial chart with SBP values from 0 to 280 mmHg. • Green, yellow, and red colour zones correspond to SBP categories. • Boxes and arrows highlight recommendations and exceptions. • ESC logo and figure legend at the bottom. # Analysis : • The optimal SBP target for most patients is 120–129 mmHg, with 120 mmHg as the ideal if tolerated. • Lower or higher targets may be appropriate for elderly, frail, or symptomatic patients. • SBP ≥140 mmHg is classified as systolic hypertension and warrants exclusion of hypertensive emergency. • The figure visually guides clinicians through SBP management, emphasizing individualized targets and safety checks.

Summary : This flowchart presents the ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) risk reduction algorithm for hypertension management, outlining stepwise goals, interventions, and medication options. flowchart: # Nodes : • GOAL: <130 SYSTOLIC/<80 DIASTOLIC mmHg (rectangle, blue) • LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION: Decrease Sodium Intake | Diet (DASH, Mediterranean) | Physical Activity | Achieve Optimal Weight (rectangle, blue) • ARB OR ACE: For initial blood pressure >150/100 mmHg, consider starting DUAL THERAPY combined with another agent below (rectangle, purple) • TITRATE MEDICATION DOSE OR ADD ON THERAPY EVERY 2-3 MONTHS TO REACH GOAL (rectangle, orange) • THIAZIDE | CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER (rectangle, blue) • COMBINED α-β BLOCKER | β1 SELECTIVE BLOCKER | MINERALOCORTICOID RA (rectangle, orange) • ADDITIONAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS: CENTRAL α2 AGONIST | PERIPHERAL α1-BLOCKER | HYDRALAZINE (rectangle, red) # Connectors : • Top-down linear flow from goal setting, lifestyle intervention, initial medication choice, titration, and escalation to additional agents. • ARB/ACE node includes a branch for dual therapy if initial BP is >150/100 mmHg. • Medication escalation proceeds in order: thiazide/calcium channel blocker → combined blockers/mineralocorticoid RA → additional antihypertensive agents. # Layout : • Vertically stacked rectangles, each representing a step in the algorithm. • Colour-coded sections: blue for goals/lifestyle/first-line agents, purple for ARB/ACE, orange for titration/combination, red for additional agents. • Footnotes and references are included at the bottom for clinical context and special considerations. # Analysis : • The algorithm emphasizes a stepwise approach: starting with lifestyle changes, then progressing to medication based on blood pressure severity and response. • Dual therapy is recommended for very high initial BP (>150/100 mmHg). • Medication titration and escalation are structured, with clear options for combination and additional agents. • Colour coding visually separates intervention types and escalation steps. • The flowchart provides a comprehensive, guideline-based pathway for hypertension management in ASCVD risk reduction.

Summary : This table presents recommendations for managing hypertension in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment, specifying drug strategies, blood pressure targets, and the class and level of evidence for each recommendation. table: # Recommendations : • BP-lowering drug treatment for preventing recurrent stroke should include a RAS blocker plus a CCB or a thiazide-like diuretic. • For patients with confirmed BP ≥130/80 mmHg and history of TIA or stroke, a systolic BP target of 120–129 mmHg is recommended to reduce CVD outcomes, provided treatment is tolerated. # Class of Recommendation (Classa) : • Both recommendations are classified as Class I. # Level of Evidence (Levelb) : • Both recommendations have Level A evidence. # References : • Drug strategy recommendation: 820, 823, 825, 826. • BP target recommendation: 824, 827, 828. # Abbreviations : • BP: blood pressure • CCB: calcium channel blocker • CVD: cardiovascular disease • RAS: renin–angiotensin system • TIA: transient ischaemic attack Analysis : • Both recommendations are strongly supported (Class I, Level A). • The table emphasizes combination therapy and tight BP control for secondary prevention in high-risk patients. • The recommendations are evidence-based and target reduction of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular outcomes.