const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Castor Poisoning";
pres.author = "3rd Year MBBS";

// ─── THEME ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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// ─── HELPERS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 — TITLE
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  s.addText("Ricinus communis — Forensic Toxicology", {
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  s.addText([
    { text: "Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology", options: { breakLine: true } },
    { text: "Third Year MBBS", options: { breakLine: true } },
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 — OVERVIEW / CONTENTS
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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  addTopBar(s, "Contents at a Glance");

  const topics = [
    ["01", "Introduction & Synonyms"],
    ["02", "Botanical Description"],
    ["03", "Active Toxin — Ricin"],
    ["04", "Mechanism of Action"],
    ["05", "Clinical Features"],
    ["06", "Diagnosis"],
    ["07", "Medico-Legal Aspects"],
    ["08", "Management & Treatment"],
    ["09", "Post-Mortem Findings"],
    ["10", "References"],
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 3 — INTRODUCTION
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Introduction", "Ricinus communis — The Castor Oil Plant");
  sectionTag(s, "Forensic Toxicology", 0.3, 1.0);

  const points = [
    { label: "Scientific Name", val: "Ricinus communis (Family: Euphorbiaceae)" },
    { label: "Common Names", val: "Castor bean, Castor oil plant, Arandi (Hindi), Amanakku (Tamil), Diveli (Gujarati)" },
    { label: "Distribution", val: "Tropical and subtropical regions worldwide; commonly found throughout India" },
    { label: "Toxic Part", val: "Seeds (beans) — contain the potent toxalbumin RICIN" },
    { label: "Castor Oil", val: "Cold-pressed castor oil is non-toxic (ricin not transferred to oil); used medicinally" },
    { label: "Importance", val: "One of the most toxic naturally occurring substances known; Category B bioterrorism agent (CDC)" },
  ];

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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 4 — BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  addTopBar(s, "Botanical Description", "Ricinus communis");

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    "Tall shrub/small tree (up to 4–8 m height)",
    "Large, star-shaped (palmate) green leaves",
    "Hollow, reddish-green stem",
    "Flowers: monoecious; female flowers above male",
    "Fruit: spiny green capsule containing 3 seeds",
    "Seeds: oval, shiny, mottled brown/grayish with a caruncle (white protrusion at one end)",
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    "Shiny, hard outer testa (coat)",
    "Mottled appearance — light & dark brown",
    "White caruncle at one end (key ID feature)",
    "Bitter taste when chewed",
    "Hard coat when swallowed whole → toxin not absorbed",
    "Chewing/crushing breaks coat → releases ricin → TOXIC",
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 5 — ACTIVE TOXIN: RICIN
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Active Toxin — Ricin", "Properties & Chemical Nature");

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      title: "Chemical Nature",
      items: [
        "Toxalbumin (toxic protein / lectin)",
        "Composed of 2 chains: A-chain & B-chain",
        "A-chain: enzymatically active (rRNA N-glycosidase)",
        "B-chain: lectin — binds to cell surface galactose residues",
        "MW: ~66 kDa",
        "Water-soluble, heat-sensitive",
        "Destroyed at >80°C (hence castor oil is safe)",
      ],
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    {
      title: "Other Toxic Constituents",
      items: [
        "Ricinine: alkaloid present in leaves & seeds",
        "CB-1A: toxic allergen (causes allergic reactions)",
        "Ricin D & E: related toxin isoforms",
        "Agglutinin (RCA-120): less toxic haemagglutinin",
        "Ricinine detected in urine — useful for diagnosis",
      ],
    },
    {
      title: "Toxicity Data",
      items: [
        "LD50 (rats, injection): ~22 µg/kg body weight",
        "LD50 (oral, human estimate): ~1–20 mg/kg",
        "Lethal dose: 4–8 seeds (chewed) in children",
        "~8–10 seeds may be lethal in adults",
        "Purified ricin: 1 µg/kg may be fatal by injection",
        "Category B Bioterrorism Agent (CDC/FBI)",
      ],
    },
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 6 — MECHANISM OF ACTION
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
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  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Mechanism of Action", "How Ricin Kills Cells");

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    { num: "1", color: "40916C", title: "Cell Entry (B-chain)", body: "B-chain (lectin) binds galactose residues on cell-surface glycoproteins/glycolipids → receptor-mediated endocytosis" },
    { num: "2", color: "2D6A4F", title: "Intracellular Transport", body: "Ricin taken into endosomes → retrograde transport to Golgi apparatus & endoplasmic reticulum (ER)" },
    { num: "3", color: "1B4332", title: "A-chain Release", body: "In ER lumen: disulfide bond between A & B chains reduced → A-chain released into cytosol" },
    { num: "4", color: "0D3321", title: "Ribosome Inactivation", body: "A-chain (rRNA N-glycosidase) depurinates a specific adenine residue (A4324) in 28S rRNA of 60S ribosomal subunit → irreversible ribosome inactivation" },
    { num: "5", color: C.warn, title: "Cell Death", body: "Protein synthesis halted → Apoptosis & necrosis → Multi-organ failure → DEATH" },
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    align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0,
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}

// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 7 — CLINICAL FEATURES (INGESTION)
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Clinical Features — Ingestion", "Most common route; 4–6 hrs onset");

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      label: "Phase 2 (6–24 hrs) — Systemic",
      color: "1F5C41",
      items: ["Dehydration, electrolyte disturbance", "Tachycardia, hypotension", "Haematuria (blood in urine)", "Jaundice (hepatic involvement)", "Oliguria / anuria (renal failure)"],
    },
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      label: "Phase 3 (1–5 days) — CNS & MOF",
      color: "174D37",
      items: ["Headache, dizziness, confusion", "Seizures, coma, cerebral oedema", "Agitation, visual disturbances", "Multi-organ failure (liver, kidney, heart)", "Death (3–5 days without treatment)"],
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 8 — CLINICAL FEATURES (OTHER ROUTES)
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Clinical Features — Other Routes of Exposure");

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    {
      route: "Inhalation (Ricin Powder)",
      onset: "4–8 hrs",
      features: ["Rhinorrhoea, eye irritation", "Cough, chest tightness", "Dyspnoea, bronchospasm", "Pulmonary oedema", "Respiratory failure → death"],
      note: "Bioterrorism risk",
      color: C.warn,
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    {
      route: "Injection (Parenteral)",
      onset: "6–12 hrs",
      features: ["Local tissue necrosis at injection site", "Swollen regional lymph nodes", "Fever, malaise, body ache", "Nausea, vomiting", "Multi-organ failure (rare, but high fatality)"],
      note: "Georgi Markov case (1978 — pellet injection)",
      color: "FF8C42",
    },
    {
      route: "Dermal / Ocular",
      onset: "Variable",
      features: ["Skin: contact dermatitis, erythema", "Eye: conjunctivitis, pain, lacrimation", "Rarely absorbed through intact skin", "Large area exposure → mild systemic effects"],
      note: "Usually local, self-limiting",
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}

// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 9 — DIAGNOSIS
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addTopBar(s, "Diagnosis of Castor Poisoning");

  const sections = [
    {
      title: "Clinical Diagnosis",
      items: [
        "History of exposure to castor seeds / plant",
        "Characteristic GI symptoms + systemic progression",
        "Identification of seeds in vomitus / stool / stomach contents",
        "Pathognomonic mottled appearance of seeds with caruncle",
      ],
    },
    {
      title: "Laboratory Investigations",
      items: [
        "CBC: leucocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytopenia",
        "LFT: elevated transaminases (AST, ALT), bilirubin",
        "KFT: elevated creatinine & urea (renal failure)",
        "Coagulation profile: PT, aPTT may be prolonged",
        "ABG: metabolic acidosis",
        "Urine: haematuria, proteinuria, myoglobinuria",
      ],
    },
    {
      title: "Specific / Confirmatory Tests",
      items: [
        "Urine ricinine detection: HPLC, LC-MS/MS (most reliable)",
        "ELISA for ricin (serum/lavage fluid)",
        "Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ricin",
        "Lateral flow immunoassay (rapid field test)",
        "Mass spectrometry — gold standard for confirmation",
        "PCR for Ricinus communis DNA in suspicious material",
      ],
    },
  ];

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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 10 — MANAGEMENT
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 11 — MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS
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        "Accidental: most common — children, unintentional ingestion",
        "Suicidal: chewing multiple seeds; common in India",
        "Homicidal: rare; seeds ground and mixed in food/drink",
        "Bioterrorism: purified ricin as weapon (powder, aerosol, injection)",
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        "Washington DC postal facility (2001): ricin-laced letters discovered post 9/11",
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        "Section 309 IPC (attempt to suicide — now decriminalised)",
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        "Disaster Management Act 2005 — for bioterrorism events",
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 12 — POST-MORTEM FINDINGS
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        "Gastric mucosa: congestion, erosions, haemorrhages",
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        "Bloody contents throughout GI tract",
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 13 — DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
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    { condition: "Arsenic Poisoning", key: "GI symptoms similar; garlic odour; Mees lines; Marsh test positive; no seed fragments" },
    { condition: "Organophosphate Poisoning", key: "Cholinergic syndrome (SLUDGE); miosis; low AChE; responds to atropine" },
    { condition: "Aconite Poisoning", key: "Cardiac arrhythmias, paraesthesia, tingling; no bloody diarrhoea; aconitine on tox screen" },
    { condition: "Mushroom (Amanita) Poisoning", key: "Similar liver/kidney failure; delayed onset; mushroom history; cyclopeptides on analysis" },
    { condition: "Acute Gastroenteritis (Infective)", key: "No systemic toxicity; positive stool culture; responds to antibiotics; no hepatorenal failure" },
    { condition: "Oleander / Digitalis Poisoning", key: "Cardiac arrhythmias prominent; digoxin-like compound on immunoassay" },
    { condition: "Jatropha curcas Poisoning", key: "Similar GI picture; no multi-organ failure usually; seeds ID by botanical features" },
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 14 — REFERENCES
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      author: "Gautam Biswas",
      book: "Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology",
      detail: "Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Chapter: Plant Poisons — Castor Poisoning (Ricin). Latest edition.",
    },
    {
      author: "K.S. Narayan Reddy",
      book: "The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology",
      detail: "K. Suguna Devi Publishers. Chapter: Vegetable Poisons — Ricinus communis. Latest edition.",
    },
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      author: "Rajesh Bardale",
      book: "Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology",
      detail: "Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. Chapter: Vegetable / Plant Poisons — Castor Bean. Latest edition.",
    },
    {
      author: "Rosen's Emergency Medicine",
      book: "Concepts and Clinical Practice, 9th Edition",
      detail: "Chapter 153 — Toxalbumins (Ricinus communis / Ricin). Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323757898.",
    },
    {
      author: "CDC Chemical Emergencies",
      book: "Ricin Fact Sheet",
      detail: "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov/chemical-emergencies. Accessed 2026.",
    },
    {
      author: "Audi J, et al.",
      book: "Ricin Poisoning: A Comprehensive Review",
      detail: "JAMA. 2005;294(18):2342–2351.",
    },
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// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 15 — THANK YOU
// ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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