const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Upper Limb: Joints & Landmarks";
pres.author = "Anatomy MS1";

// ─── PALETTE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const C = {
  navy:    "0D1B2A",   // primary dark
  cobalt:  "1A4C8E",   // accent blue
  teal:    "0E7490",   // section accent
  gold:    "E9A319",   // highlight
  red:     "C0392B",   // clinical/danger
  light:   "EAF2FB",   // light bg
  white:   "FFFFFF",
  grey:    "6B7280",
  lgrey:   "D1D5DB",
  midgrey: "374151",
};

// ─── HELPERS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function addSlideBg(slide, color) {
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    x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color }, line: { width: 0 }
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}

function sectionHeader(slide, num, title) {
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}

function clinicalSlide(slide, title) {
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    color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", margin: 0
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}

function infoBox(slide, x, y, w, h, header, lines, headerColor, isLight) {
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    x, y, w, h, fill: { color: bgColor }, rectRadius: 0.08,
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 5, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.12 }
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  slide.addText(header, {
    x: x + 0.12, y: y + 0.05, w: w - 0.24, h: 0.34,
    fontSize: 10.5, bold: true, color: hColor, fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
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function tagBadge(slide, x, y, label, color) {
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    align: "center", valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri", margin: 0
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}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 1 — TITLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addSlideBg(s, C.navy);
  // gradient-like side accent
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 3.5, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.cobalt }, line: { width: 0 }
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  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.18, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { width: 0 }
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    fill: { color: C.teal, transparency: 30 }, line: { color: C.gold, width: 2 }
  });
  s.addText("✦", { x: 0.5, y: 0.6, w: 2.5, h: 2.5, fontSize: 48, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
  s.addText("UPPER LIMB", {
    x: 3.8, y: 0.7, w: 6, h: 0.7, fontSize: 28, bold: true,
    charSpacing: 5, color: C.gold, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
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  s.addText("Joints & Landmarks", {
    x: 3.8, y: 1.4, w: 6, h: 0.9, fontSize: 34, bold: true,
    color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
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    color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
  });
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    x: 3.8, y: 2.85, w: 2.2, h: 0.04, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { width: 0 }
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    x: 3.8, y: 3.05, w: 6, h: 0.4, fontSize: 12, color: C.lgrey,
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  });
  const topics = ["Joints of the Upper Limb", "Axilla & Apertures", "Cubital Fossa", "Wrist Landmarks", "Hand Spaces", "Clinical Cases"];
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      fontSize: 10.5, color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
    });
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 2 — SECTION: JOINTS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  sectionHeader(s, 1, "Joints of the Upper Limb");
  s.addText("From shoulder to fingertip — 8 joint groups", {
    x: 2.8, y: 3.2, w: 7, h: 0.5, fontSize: 15, italic: true,
    color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  const mnems = [
    { t: "SITS", sub: "Rotator Cuff" },
    { t: "TAN", sub: "Cubital Fossa" },
    { t: "QTT", sub: "3 Spaces" },
  ];
  mnems.forEach((m, i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, {
      x: 0.4 + i * 0.85, y: 3.8, w: 0.6, h: 0.6,
      fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { width: 0 }
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  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 3 — SHOULDER JOINT
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint", C.cobalt);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 0.9, 3.0, 2.0, "JOINT TYPE & BONES", [
    "Ball-and-socket (spheroidal) synovial joint",
    "Head of humerus (ball) + glenoid cavity (socket)",
    "Most MOBILE joint — but most commonly DISLOCATED",
    "Glenoid labrum deepens socket by ~5 mm",
    "Glenoid is 3-4x SMALLER than humeral head",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 3.35, 0.9, 3.3, 2.0, "LIGAMENTS (3 GH + 1 CHL)", [
    "Superior GHL — limits inferior translation",
    "Middle GHL — limits ER at <45° abduction",
    "Inferior GHL — most important; 'hammock' at 90° abd",
    "Coracohumeral lig — stabilizes biceps tendon",
  ], C.teal, true);

  infoBox(s, 6.8, 0.9, 3.0, 2.0, "ROTATOR CUFF — SITS", [
    "S — Supraspinatus (suprascapular n.) — initiates abduction",
    "I — Infraspinatus (suprascapular n.) — ext. rotation",
    "T — Teres minor (axillary n.) — ext. rotation",
    "S — Subscapularis (subscapular n.) — int. rotation",
  ], C.gold, true);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 3.05, 4.5, 2.35, "MOVEMENTS", [
    "Flexion / Extension",
    "Abduction / Adduction",
    "Medial / Lateral rotation",
    "Circumduction",
    "NB: Scapulothoracic rhythm — 2:1 ratio (2° glenohumeral : 1° scapular rotation)",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 4.85, 3.05, 4.95, 2.35, "★ DISTINCTION POINTS", [
    "Inferior GHL = most important stabilizer (forms 'hammock')",
    "SITS = primary stabilizers — NOT bony architecture",
    "SC joint is the ONLY bony link to axial skeleton",
    "Post. dislocation = electric shock / seizure = 'light bulb sign'",
  ], C.gold, true);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 4 — ELBOW JOINT
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Elbow Joint — 3 Articulations, 1 Synovial Cavity", C.teal);

  // key concept box across top
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.5, fill: { color: C.teal }, line: { width: 0 }
  });
  s.addText("KEY CONCEPT: Three joints share ONE common synovial cavity — injection of one treats all three.", {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.5, fontSize: 11, bold: true,
    color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.55, 3.1, 1.7, "HUMEROULNAR (HINGE)", [
    "Trochlea of humerus + trochlear notch of ulna",
    "Allows: Flexion & Extension",
    "Primary articulation of elbow",
  ], C.cobalt, true);
  infoBox(s, 3.45, 1.55, 3.1, 1.7, "HUMERORADIAL (HINGE)", [
    "Capitulum of humerus + head of radius",
    "Allows: Flexion & Extension",
    "Also participates in prono-supination",
  ], C.cobalt, true);
  infoBox(s, 6.7, 1.55, 3.1, 1.7, "PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR (PIVOT)", [
    "Head of radius + radial notch of ulna",
    "Annular ligament wraps radial neck",
    "Allows: Pronation & Supination",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 3.4, 4.5, 2.0, "COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS", [
    "UCL (medial) — anterior bundle = primary valgus restraint",
    "    Pitcher's elbow = UCL injury in throwers",
    "RCL (lateral) — includes annular ligament",
    "    Pulled elbow — radial head subluxes from annular lig.",
    "    Occurs in children <5 yrs after sharp pull on hand",
  ], C.teal, true);

  infoBox(s, 4.85, 3.4, 4.95, 2.0, "FAT PADS & X-RAY SIGNS", [
    "Anterior fat pad — small, normal on lateral X-ray",
    "Posterior fat pad — ALWAYS abnormal = effusion / fracture",
    "'Sail sign' = elevated anterior fat pad = effusion",
    "Carrying angle = 7° valgus (normal)",
    "Cubitus varus (gunstock) after malunited supracondylar fracture",
  ], C.gold, true);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 5 — WRIST & HAND JOINTS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Wrist & Hand Joints", C.cobalt);

  // table-style joint overview
  const joints = [
    ["Radiocarpal (Wrist)", "Condyloid (ellipsoid)", "Flexion, Extension, Abd, Add", "Radius + articular disc + scaphoid/lunate/triquetrum"],
    ["Intercarpal", "Plane", "Limited gliding — contributes to extension", "Proximal & distal carpal rows"],
    ["CMC of Thumb", "SADDLE", "Flex/Ext/Abd/Add/Rotation/Circumduction", "Trapezium + 1st metacarpal"],
    ["CMC 2nd-5th", "Plane", "Limited gliding; 5th most mobile", "Distal carpals + metacarpals II-V"],
    ["MCP joints", "Condyloid", "Flex/Ext/Abd/Add/Circumduction", "Metacarpal heads + proximal phalanges"],
    ["IP joints", "Hinge", "Flexion & Extension only", "Between phalanges (PIP & DIP)"],
  ];

  const headers = ["JOINT", "TYPE", "MOVEMENTS", "BONES"];
  const colW = [2.2, 1.7, 3.2, 2.7];
  const colX = [0.2, 2.42, 4.12, 7.32];

  // Header row
  headers.forEach((h, ci) => {
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
      x: colX[ci], y: 0.88, w: colW[ci] - 0.06, h: 0.35,
      fill: { color: C.cobalt }, line: { width: 0 }
    });
    s.addText(h, {
      x: colX[ci] + 0.06, y: 0.88, w: colW[ci] - 0.12, h: 0.35,
      fontSize: 9, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", margin: 0
    });
  });

  joints.forEach((row, ri) => {
    const rowY = 1.28 + ri * 0.55;
    const bg = ri % 2 === 0 ? C.white : "F0F7FF";
    row.forEach((cell, ci) => {
      s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
        x: colX[ci], y: rowY, w: colW[ci] - 0.06, h: 0.5,
        fill: { color: bg }, line: { color: C.lgrey, width: 0.5 }
      });
      s.addText(cell, {
        x: colX[ci] + 0.07, y: rowY + 0.02, w: colW[ci] - 0.14, h: 0.46,
        fontSize: 8.5, color: ci === 0 ? C.cobalt : C.midgrey, bold: ci === 0,
        fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", wrap: true
      });
    });
  });

  // highlight CMC saddle
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: colX[1], y: 1.28 + 2*0.55, w: colW[1] - 0.06, h: 0.5,
    fill: { color: C.gold, transparency: 20 }, line: { color: C.gold, width: 1 }
  });

  s.addText("★  Ulna does NOT articulate with carpals — TFCC/articular disc intervenes   |   Ulnar deviation > Radial deviation (radial styloid extends more distally)", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.1, w: 9.6, h: 0.35, fontSize: 9, italic: true, bold: true,
    color: C.cobalt, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 6 — SECTION: LANDMARKS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  sectionHeader(s, 2, "Upper Limb Landmarks");
  s.addText("Axilla · Spaces · Fossa · Tunnel · Snuff box · Hand", {
    x: 2.8, y: 3.2, w: 7, h: 0.5, fontSize: 14, italic: true,
    color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 7 — AXILLA
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "The Axilla — Pyramidal Gateway to the Upper Limb", C.cobalt);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 0.9, 4.6, 2.65, "BOUNDARIES", [
    "Anterior wall: Pectoralis major (front); pec minor + subclavius (behind)",
    "Posterior wall: Subscapularis (top); teres major + lat. dorsi (bottom)",
    "Medial wall: Ribs 1-4 + intercostals + serratus anterior",
    "Lateral wall: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (narrowest)",
    "Apex (inlet): Lat. border rib I + post. surface clavicle + sup. border scapula",
    "Floor: Axillary fascia + skin dome",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 5.0, 0.9, 4.8, 2.65, "CONTENTS — BALMS", [
    "B — Brachial plexus (cords surround axillary artery)",
    "A — Axillary artery & vein",
    "L — Lymph nodes (5 groups) — drain breast + upper limb",
    "M — Muscles (proximal biceps brachii, coracobrachialis)",
    "S — Subscapular vessels + axillary process of breast",
    "Subclavian → Axillary artery at lateral border of rib I",
  ], C.teal, true);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 3.7, 9.6, 1.75, "AXILLARY ARTERY — 3 PARTS (Divided by Pectoralis Minor) — Mnemonic: 1, 2, 3 branches", [
    "Part 1 (medial to pec minor): 1 branch — Superior thoracic artery",
    "Part 2 (posterior to pec minor): 2 branches — Thoracoacromial artery + Lateral thoracic artery",
    "Part 3 (lateral to pec minor): 3 branches — Subscapular artery + Anterior circumflex humeral artery + Posterior circumflex humeral artery",
  ], C.gold, true);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 8 — THREE POSTERIOR SHOULDER SPACES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "3 Posterior Shoulder Spaces — Mnemonic: QTT (Axillary · Scapular · Radial)", C.teal);

  // numbered badges
  const spaces = [
    {
      num: "1", color: C.cobalt, label: "QUADRANGULAR SPACE",
      bounds: ["Superior: Inferior border of subscapularis + teres minor", "Inferior: Superior border of teres major", "Medial: Long head of triceps (lateral margin)", "Lateral: Surgical neck of humerus"],
      contents: ["Axillary nerve", "Posterior circumflex humeral a/v"],
      clin: "Quadrangular space syndrome — axillary nerve compression → deltoid + teres minor atrophy, lateral arm numbness"
    },
    {
      num: "2", color: C.teal, label: "TRIANGULAR SPACE",
      bounds: ["Superior: Inferior border of subscapularis / teres minor", "Inferior: Superior border of teres major", "Lateral: MEDIAL margin of long head of triceps"],
      contents: ["Circumflex scapular artery & vein", "Communicates axilla ↔ post. scapular region"],
      clin: "Less clinically significant; landmark for scapular anastomosis"
    },
    {
      num: "3", color: C.gold, label: "TRIANGULAR INTERVAL",
      bounds: ["Superior: Inferior border of teres major", "Medial: Long head of triceps (lateral margin)", "Lateral: Shaft of humerus"],
      contents: ["Radial nerve", "Profunda brachii artery (deep brachial a.)"],
      clin: "Midshaft humeral fracture → radial nerve injury → WRIST DROP (can't extend wrist/fingers/thumb)"
    }
  ];

  spaces.forEach((sp, i) => {
    const x = 0.18 + i * 3.27;
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
      x, y: 0.9, w: 3.1, h: 4.55,
      fill: { color: C.white }, rectRadius: 0.1,
      shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 6, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.12 }
    });
    // number badge
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, {
      x: x + 0.1, y: 0.97, w: 0.5, h: 0.5,
      fill: { color: sp.color }, line: { width: 0 }
    });
    s.addText(sp.num, { x: x + 0.1, y: 0.97, w: 0.5, h: 0.5, fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
    s.addText(sp.label, {
      x: x + 0.68, y: 0.99, w: 2.35, h: 0.46,
      fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: sp.color, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
    });
    // Borders
    s.addText("BOUNDARIES:", {
      x: x + 0.12, y: 1.55, w: 2.86, h: 0.25,
      fontSize: 8.5, bold: true, color: C.midgrey, fontFace: "Calibri"
    });
    const bItems = sp.bounds.map((b, bi) => ({
      text: b,
      options: { bullet: { type: "bullet" }, breakLine: bi < sp.bounds.length - 1, fontSize: 8, color: C.midgrey }
    }));
    s.addText(bItems, { x: x + 0.12, y: 1.8, w: 2.86, h: 1.4, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top" });

    // Contents
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
      x: x + 0.12, y: 3.25, w: 2.86, h: 0.22,
      fill: { color: sp.color }, line: { width: 0 }
    });
    s.addText("CONTENTS", { x: x + 0.12, y: 3.25, w: 2.86, h: 0.22, fontSize: 8, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
    const cItems = sp.contents.map((c, ci) => ({
      text: c,
      options: { bullet: { type: "bullet" }, breakLine: ci < sp.contents.length - 1, fontSize: 8.5, color: sp.color, bold: true }
    }));
    s.addText(cItems, { x: x + 0.12, y: 3.5, w: 2.86, h: 0.6, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top" });

    // Clinical
    s.addText("⚕ " + sp.clin, {
      x: x + 0.1, y: 4.15, w: 2.9, h: 1.2,
      fontSize: 7.8, italic: true, color: C.red, fontFace: "Calibri", wrap: true, valign: "top"
    });
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 9 — CUBITAL FOSSA
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Cubital Fossa — Triangular Gateway: Arm → Forearm", C.cobalt);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 0.9, 3.0, 2.3, "BOUNDARIES", [
    "Base (superior): Line between medial + lateral epicondyles",
    "Medial border: Pronator teres",
    "Lateral border: Brachioradialis",
    "Floor/bed: Brachialis muscle (mainly); supinator laterally",
    "Roof: Skin + superficial fascia + bicipital aponeurosis",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  // TAN diagram (visual)
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 3.35, y: 0.9, w: 3.2, h: 2.3,
    fill: { color: C.light }, line: { color: C.lgrey, width: 0.5 }
  });
  s.addText("CONTENTS (Lateral → Medial)", {
    x: 3.35, y: 0.92, w: 3.2, h: 0.3, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.cobalt, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  const tanItems = [
    { label: "T", name: "Tendon of Biceps Brachii", col: C.cobalt, note: "goes to radial tuberosity" },
    { label: "A", name: "Brachial Artery", col: C.teal, note: "bifurcates at apex → radial + ulnar" },
    { label: "N", name: "Median Nerve", col: C.red, note: "exits between heads of pronator teres" },
  ];
  tanItems.forEach((item, i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
      x: 3.42, y: 1.3 + i * 0.6, w: 3.06, h: 0.52,
      fill: { color: item.col, transparency: 85 }, rectRadius: 0.06, line: { color: item.col, width: 1 }
    });
    s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, {
      x: 3.42, y: 1.3 + i * 0.6, w: 0.52, h: 0.52,
      fill: { color: item.col }, line: { width: 0 }
    });
    s.addText(item.label, {
      x: 3.42, y: 1.3 + i * 0.6, w: 0.52, h: 0.52,
      fontSize: 16, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle"
    });
    s.addText(item.name, {
      x: 3.98, y: 1.3 + i * 0.6, w: 2.5, h: 0.28,
      fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: item.col, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
    });
    s.addText(item.note, {
      x: 3.98, y: 1.55 + i * 0.6, w: 2.5, h: 0.26,
      fontSize: 8, italic: true, color: C.grey, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle"
    });
  });

  infoBox(s, 6.68, 0.9, 3.12, 2.3, "KEY NERVES (NOT in fossa!)", [
    "Radial nerve — deep to brachioradialis lip (NOT inside fossa)",
    "  → divides into superficial branch + deep branch (PIN)",
    "  → deep branch pierces supinator",
    "Ulnar nerve — posterior to medial epicondyle",
    "  → does NOT pass through cubital fossa",
  ], C.red, true);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 3.35, 4.5, 2.1, "BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS (Lacertus Fibrosus)", [
    "Fibrous sheet from medial side of biceps tendon",
    "Fans medially over cubital fossa into forearm fascia",
    "Lies DEEP to median cubital vein; SUPERFICIAL to brachial a + median n",
    "Protects artery from direct trauma",
    "Tethers median cubital vein → better for venepuncture",
    "May mask brachial artery laceration!",
  ], C.gold, true);

  infoBox(s, 4.85, 3.35, 4.95, 2.1, "CLINICAL APPLICATIONS", [
    "Blood pressure: Brachial artery auscultated medial to biceps tendon",
    "Venepuncture: Median cubital vein in roof (stabilized by bicipital aponeurosis)",
    "Superficial to deep in roof: Median cubital vein → Bicipital aponeurosis → Brachial artery → Median nerve",
    "Pronator syndrome: Median n. entrapped between pronator teres heads",
  ], C.cobalt, true);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 10 — ULNAR TUNNEL & ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Ulnar Tunnel (Guyon's Canal) & Anatomical Snuff Box", C.teal);

  // Divider line
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 4.9, y: 0.88, w: 0.04, h: 4.6, fill: { color: C.lgrey }, line: { width: 0 }
  });

  s.addText("ULNAR TUNNEL (GUYON'S CANAL)", {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 4.55, h: 0.35, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.teal, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.3, 4.55, 1.3, "BOUNDARIES", [
    "Floor: Flexor retinaculum + pisohamate ligament",
    "Roof: Palmar carpal ligament",
    "Medial: Pisiform bone",
    "Lateral: Hook of hamate",
  ], C.teal, true);
  infoBox(s, 0.2, 2.75, 4.55, 1.2, "CONTENTS", [
    "Ulnar nerve (medial) — divides inside tunnel",
    "Ulnar artery (lateral)",
    "NO flexor tendons — unlike carpal tunnel (key distinction!)",
  ], C.cobalt, true);
  infoBox(s, 0.2, 4.05, 4.55, 1.35, "CLINICAL: Guyon's Canal Syndrome", [
    "Causes: ganglion cyst (MC), hook of hamate # (racquet sports), cyclist's palsy",
    "Proximal compression: motor + sensory loss",
    "Deep branch only: motor (claw hand, no sensory loss)",
    "Superficial branch only: sensory (medial 1½ fingers), no motor loss",
  ], C.red, true);

  s.addText("ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX", {
    x: 5.1, y: 0.9, w: 4.7, h: 0.35, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.cobalt, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  infoBox(s, 5.1, 1.3, 4.7, 1.3, "BOUNDARIES", [
    "Posterior/medial border: Extensor pollicis longus tendon",
    "Anterior/lateral border: Abductor pollicis longus + Extensor pollicis brevis",
    "Proximal end: Radial styloid process",
    "Floor: Scaphoid (proximal) + Trapezium (distal)",
  ], C.cobalt, true);
  infoBox(s, 5.1, 2.75, 4.7, 1.2, "CONTENTS", [
    "Radial artery — palpable pulse in the floor",
    "Superficial branch of radial nerve (roof)",
    "Cephalic vein crosses the roof",
  ], C.teal, true);
  infoBox(s, 5.1, 4.05, 4.7, 1.35, "CLINICAL PEARLS", [
    "Snuff box tenderness = SCAPHOID FRACTURE until proven otherwise",
    "Even with normal X-ray → immobilize + repeat/MRI",
    "AVN of proximal scaphoid: blood supply enters distally → fracture at waist cuts off proximal pole",
    "De Quervain's tenosynovitis: APL + EPB inflammation (Finkelstein's test)",
  ], C.red, true);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 11 — HAND COMPARTMENTS & SPACES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Compartments & Potential Spaces of the Hand", C.cobalt);

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 0.9, 2.2, 2.3, "THENAR COMPARTMENT", [
    "Abductor pollicis brevis",
    "Opponens pollicis",
    "Flexor pollicis brevis (sup. head)",
    "Nerve: Recurrent branch of median n.",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 2.55, 0.9, 2.2, 2.3, "HYPOTHENAR COMPARTMENT", [
    "Abductor digiti minimi",
    "Opponens digiti minimi",
    "Flexor digiti minimi brevis",
    "Nerve: Deep branch of ulnar n.",
  ], C.teal, true);

  infoBox(s, 4.9, 0.9, 2.3, 2.3, "INTEROSSEOUS COMPARTMENTS", [
    "4 Dorsal interossei — DAB (Dorsals ABduct)",
    "3 Palmar interossei — PAD (Palmars ADduct)",
    "All: deep branch of ulnar nerve",
    "Adductor pollicis also in this zone",
  ], C.gold, true);

  infoBox(s, 7.35, 0.9, 2.45, 2.3, "CENTRAL/PALMAR COMPARTMENT", [
    "Flexor tendons + synovial sheaths",
    "Lumbricals (1,2: median; 3,4: ulnar)",
    "Superficial palmar arch",
    "Median + ulnar nerve branches",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  // Palmar spaces
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 3.32, w: 9.6, h: 0.28,
    fill: { color: C.cobalt }, line: { width: 0 }
  });
  s.addText("POTENTIAL SPACES (Deep Palmar Spaces — clinically critical for infection spread)", {
    x: 0.2, y: 3.32, w: 9.6, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10.5, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 3.72, 3.0, 1.75, "THENAR SPACE", [
    "Deep to flexor tendon of index finger",
    "Superficial to adductor pollicis",
    "Infection: 'Ballooning' of thenar eminence",
    "Thumb held abducted, index fixed",
  ], C.cobalt, true);

  infoBox(s, 3.35, 3.72, 3.0, 1.75, "MIDDLE PALMAR SPACE", [
    "Deep to flexor tendons of middle/ring/little",
    "Superficial to 3rd-5th metacarpals + interossei",
    "Infection: Loss of palmar concavity",
    "Dorsal edema (NOT dorsal infection!)",
  ], C.teal, true);

  infoBox(s, 6.5, 3.72, 3.3, 1.75, "PARONA'S SPACE & HORSESHOE ABSCESS", [
    "Parona's space: distal forearm, anterior to pronator quadratus",
    "Both palmar spaces communicate proximally with Parona's space",
    "Horseshoe abscess: ulnar bursa infection tracks to radial bursa via Parona's space",
    "Collar-stud abscess: subaponeurotic infection perforates palmar fascia",
  ], C.gold, true);

  s.addText("★  Septum between thenar + middle palmar space is attached to the 3rd METACARPAL — know which side of this septum an infection lies", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.42, w: 9.6, h: 0.3, fontSize: 9, italic: true, color: C.red, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 12 — SECTION: CLINICAL CASES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  sectionHeader(s, 3, "Clinical Cases");
  s.addText("Test your anatomy with real-world scenarios", {
    x: 2.8, y: 3.2, w: 7, h: 0.5, fontSize: 15, italic: true,
    color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 13 — CLINICAL CASE 1: SHOULDER DISLOCATION
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  clinicalSlide(s, "Case 1 — Shoulder Dislocation After a Fall");

  // Case vignette
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.9,
    fill: { color: "1A1A2E" }, line: { color: C.red, width: 1.5 }
  });
  s.addText("A 24-year-old male falls on his outstretched arm during a rugby tackle. He presents with the arm held in slight abduction and external rotation, shoulder looks 'flat,' and there is a palpable hollow below the acromion. Axillary nerve territory numbness is noted.", {
    x: 0.35, y: 0.93, w: 9.3, h: 0.84,
    fontSize: 10.5, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true, valign: "middle"
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.95, 3.0, 3.45, "DIAGNOSIS & TYPE", [
    "Anterior (subcoracoid) dislocation — 95% of all shoulder dislocations",
    "Mechanism: Forcible external rotation + abduction",
    "Head moves anteroinferiorly",
    "Posterior dislocation (rare, <3%): electric shock / seizure",
    "  → 'light bulb sign' on AP X-ray",
    "  → arm in internal rotation",
  ], C.red, false);

  infoBox(s, 3.35, 1.95, 3.2, 3.45, "COMPLICATIONS", [
    "Axillary nerve (most common) → deltoid atrophy + lateral arm sensory loss",
    "Bankart lesion: torn anterior-inferior glenoid labrum → recurrent dislocation",
    "Hill-Sachs lesion: posterolateral humeral head impaction fracture",
    "Axillary artery injury (rare) — check radial pulse",
    "Rotator cuff tear (esp. in elderly)",
  ], C.gold, false);

  infoBox(s, 6.7, 1.95, 3.1, 3.45, "ANATOMY LINKS", [
    "Inferior GHL most important stabilizer (torn in anterior dislocation)",
    "Test axillary nerve: sensation over 'regimental badge area' (lateral deltoid)",
    "Test motor: deltoid abduction (15-90°)",
    "Quadrangular space: axillary n + post. circumflex humeral a",
    "Recurrent dislocation → Bankart repair (labral reattachment)",
  ], C.teal, false);

  s.addText("KEY POINT: Axillary nerve = most commonly injured nerve in shoulder dislocation. Always test before and after reduction.", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.38, w: 9.6, h: 0.35, fontSize: 10, bold: true,
    color: C.gold, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 14 — CLINICAL CASE 2: SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  clinicalSlide(s, "Case 2 — Child with Elbow Injury After FOOSH");

  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.9,
    fill: { color: "1A1A2E" }, line: { color: C.red, width: 1.5 }
  });
  s.addText("A 7-year-old child falls on an outstretched hand. The elbow is swollen, painful, and held slightly flexed. X-ray shows a posterior fat pad sign and a transverse fracture above the epicondyles. Radial pulse is diminished. The forearm appears pale and painful on passive finger extension.", {
    x: 0.35, y: 0.93, w: 9.3, h: 0.84,
    fontSize: 10.5, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true, valign: "middle"
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.95, 3.0, 3.45, "DIAGNOSIS", [
    "Supracondylar fracture of humerus",
    "Most common elbow fracture in children",
    "Extension type (98%): distal fragment displaces POSTERIORLY",
    "Mechanism: triceps pull + momentum",
    "FOOSH = Fall on Outstretched Hand",
  ], C.red, false);

  infoBox(s, 3.35, 1.95, 3.2, 3.45, "COMPLICATIONS", [
    "Brachial artery injury (bowstrings over proximal fragment)",
    "Anterior interosseous nerve injury (branch of median n.)",
    "Volkmann's ischemic contracture: forearm flexor muscles necrose → fixed contracture",
    "Cubitus varus (gunstock deformity) after malunion",
    "Posterior fat pad ALWAYS abnormal → occult fracture",
  ], C.gold, false);

  infoBox(s, 6.7, 1.95, 3.1, 3.45, "ANATOMY LINKS", [
    "Elbow fat pads: coronoid fossa (ant.), olecranon fossa (post.), radial fossa",
    "Posterior fat pad visible on lateral X-ray = EMERGENCY",
    "Brachial artery lies in cubital fossa medial to biceps tendon",
    "Carrying angle: normal 7° valgus; cubitus varus after malunion",
    "Check CRITOE ossification centers in children",
  ], C.teal, false);

  s.addText("CRITOE mnemonic (age of ossification): Capitellum 1 · Radial head 3 · Internal (medial) epicondyle 5 · Trochlea 7 · Olecranon 9 · External (lateral) epicondyle 11", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.38, w: 9.6, h: 0.35, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true,
    color: C.gold, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 15 — CLINICAL CASE 3: SCAPHOID FRACTURE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  clinicalSlide(s, "Case 3 — Wrist Pain After FOOSH (Normal X-ray)");

  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.9,
    fill: { color: "1A1A2E" }, line: { color: C.red, width: 1.5 }
  });
  s.addText("An 18-year-old skateboarder falls and braces with his outstretched hand. He has wrist pain, with point tenderness in the anatomical snuff box and over the scaphoid tubercle. X-rays are reported as normal. He is discharged without treatment. He returns 6 weeks later with worsening pain.", {
    x: 0.35, y: 0.93, w: 9.3, h: 0.84,
    fontSize: 10.5, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true, valign: "middle"
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.95, 3.1, 3.45, "DIAGNOSIS & LESSON", [
    "Scaphoid fracture (most common carpal fracture ~70%)",
    "Normal X-ray does NOT rule out scaphoid fracture",
    "ACTION: Immobilize in scaphoid cast → repeat X-ray at 10-14 days or MRI/CT",
    "Failure to diagnose = AVN of proximal pole",
    "Never dismiss snuff box tenderness!",
  ], C.red, false);

  infoBox(s, 3.45, 1.95, 3.1, 3.45, "ANATOMY OF AVN RISK", [
    "Radial artery enters scaphoid DISTALLY",
    "In ~10%: sole blood supply is distal → proximal",
    "Fracture at waist cuts off blood to proximal pole",
    "Proximal pole appears SCLEROTIC (white) on X-ray = AVN",
    "Kienbock's disease = same mechanism for LUNATE",
  ], C.gold, false);

  infoBox(s, 6.7, 1.95, 3.1, 3.45, "SNUFF BOX & DE QUERVAIN'S", [
    "Snuff box boundaries: EPL (posterior), APL + EPB (anterior)",
    "Floor: Scaphoid (proximal) + Trapezium (distal)",
    "Radial artery pulse palpable in floor",
    "De Quervain's: inflammation of APL + EPB in 1st extensor compartment",
    "  → Finkelstein's test positive",
    "  → Common in new mothers",
  ], C.teal, false);

  s.addText("KEY POINT: Snuff box tenderness = scaphoid fracture UNTIL PROVEN OTHERWISE — even with normal X-ray. Always immobilize and follow up.", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.38, w: 9.6, h: 0.35, fontSize: 10, bold: true,
    color: C.gold, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 16 — CLINICAL CASE 4: ULNAR NERVE / HAND SPACES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  clinicalSlide(s, "Case 4 — Cyclist with Hand Weakness & Palmar Infection");

  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.2, y: 0.9, w: 9.6, h: 0.9,
    fill: { color: "1A1A2E" }, line: { color: C.red, width: 1.5 }
  });
  s.addText("Case A: A 35-year-old cyclist has progressive weakness of grip and intrinsic muscles of the right hand after a cycling tour. No sensory loss. Pinch grip weak. Froment's sign positive.  |  Case B: A laborer presents with a swollen, tender palm, loss of normal palmar concavity, and marked dorsal hand edema. He had a puncture wound to his palm 5 days ago.", {
    x: 0.35, y: 0.93, w: 9.3, h: 0.84,
    fontSize: 10, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true, valign: "middle"
  });

  infoBox(s, 0.2, 1.95, 4.6, 3.45, "CASE A: CYCLIST'S PALSY (Guyon's Canal Syndrome)", [
    "Handlebar pressure compresses ulnar nerve at deep branch level",
    "Motor loss only (deep branch): all interossei, hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis, medial 2 lumbricals",
    "Froment's sign: patient uses FPL (median n.) to substitute for adductor pollicis (ulnar n.)",
    "Claw deformity: ring + little fingers (MCP hyperextension, IP flexion)",
    "No sensory loss = deep branch only affected (branching distal to sensory fibers)",
    "vs. Carpal tunnel syndrome: median n., sensory loss (thumb/index/middle), thenar wasting",
  ], C.red, false);

  infoBox(s, 5.0, 1.95, 4.8, 3.45, "CASE B: MIDDLE PALMAR SPACE INFECTION", [
    "Puncture wound → infection of middle palmar space",
    "Loss of palmar concavity (normal palm curves inward — infection obliterates this)",
    "Dorsal swelling is MISLEADING — palmar skin is thick, so pus tracks dorsally",
    "Management: surgical drainage through palmar approach",
    "Thenar space infection: 'ballooning' of thenar eminence; thumb held abducted",
    "Horseshoe abscess: infection in ulnar bursa tracks via Parona's space to radial bursa — surgical emergency",
    "Collar-stud abscess: deep pus perforates palmar fascia → bilobed abscess",
  ], C.teal, false);

  s.addText("★  Dorsal hand swelling does NOT mean dorsal infection. Palpate the palm. Track infection spread: palmar space → Parona's space → forearm.", {
    x: 0.2, y: 5.38, w: 9.6, h: 0.35, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true,
    color: C.gold, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 17 — DISTINCTION POINTS SUMMARY
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  addSlideBg(s, C.navy);
  s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.72, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { width: 0 }
  });
  s.addText("★  TOP DISTINCTION-SCORING POINTS", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.1, w: 9.4, h: 0.52, fontSize: 18, bold: true,
    color: C.navy, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", charSpacing: 1
  });

  const points = [
    ["1", "The SC joint is the ONLY bony connection between the upper limb skeleton and the axial skeleton — and it has an articular DISC (fibrocartilage)."],
    ["2", "The shoulder joint is the most mobile yet most commonly dislocated joint. Stability is provided by SITS, not bone architecture."],
    ["3", "All 3 elbow articulations share ONE synovial cavity. Injecting one treats all."],
    ["4", "Ulna does NOT directly articulate with carpals. TFCC/articular disc intervenes."],
    ["5", "Ulnar nerve does NOT pass through cubital fossa — it goes posterior to medial epicondyle (ulnar groove)."],
    ["6", "Radial nerve is NOT inside the cubital fossa — it lies deep to brachioradialis."],
    ["7", "Posterior fat pad on lateral elbow X-ray is ALWAYS abnormal — hemarthrosis / effusion."],
    ["8", "Snuff box tenderness = scaphoid fracture even with NORMAL X-rays. Immobilize."],
    ["9", "Dorsal hand swelling ≠ dorsal infection. Even palmar space infections cause dorsal edema."],
    ["10", "Posterior shoulder dislocation = electric shock / seizure → 'light bulb sign' on AP X-ray."],
    ["11", "Triangular interval is the MOST DISTAL of the 3 posterior shoulder spaces → carries radial nerve."],
    ["12", "Thenar + middle palmar spaces are separated by a septum attached to the 3rd METACARPAL."],
  ];

  const mid = Math.ceil(points.length / 2);
  points.forEach((p, i) => {
    const col = i < mid ? 0 : 1;
    const row = i < mid ? i : i - mid;
    const x = 0.2 + col * 4.95;
    const y = 0.88 + row * 0.57;

    s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, {
      x, y: y + 0.05, w: 0.38, h: 0.38,
      fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { width: 0 }
    });
    s.addText(p[0], {
      x, y: y + 0.05, w: 0.38, h: 0.38,
      fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.navy, align: "center", valign: "middle"
    });
    s.addText(p[1], {
      x: x + 0.44, y, w: 4.35, h: 0.55,
      fontSize: 9, color: C.lgrey, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle", wrap: true
    });
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 18 — MNEMONICS REFERENCE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const s = pres.addSlide();
  contentSlide(s, "Mnemonics Quick Reference — Upper Limb", C.cobalt);

  const mnems = [
    { mnem: "SITS", full: "Rotator Cuff Muscles", detail: "Supraspinatus · Infraspinatus · Teres minor · Subscapularis", color: C.cobalt },
    { mnem: "TAN", full: "Cubital Fossa Contents (Lat→Med)", detail: "Tendon of biceps · Artery (brachial) · Nerve (median)", color: C.teal },
    { mnem: "QTT", full: "3 Posterior Shoulder Spaces", detail: "Quadrangular (axillary n.) · Triangular (circumflex scapular) · Triangular Interval (radial n.)", color: C.gold },
    { mnem: "1-2-3", full: "Axillary Artery Branches", detail: "Part 1: 1 branch · Part 2: 2 branches · Part 3: 3 branches", color: C.cobalt },
    { mnem: "BALMS", full: "Contents of Axilla", detail: "Brachial plexus · Axillary a/v · Lymph nodes · Muscles · Subscapular vessels", color: C.teal },
    { mnem: "P-H", full: "Ulnar Tunnel (Guyon's Canal)", detail: "Pisiform (medial) · Hook of Hamate (lateral) = walls of the tunnel", color: C.cobalt },
    { mnem: "S-T", full: "Anatomical Snuff Box Floor", detail: "Scaphoid (proximal) · Trapezium (distal)", color: C.gold },
    { mnem: "DAB / PAD", full: "Interossei Actions", detail: "Dorsal interossei ABduct · Palmar interossei ADduct", color: C.teal },
    { mnem: "CRITOE", full: "Elbow Ossification Centers (children)", detail: "Capitellum 1 · Radial head 3 · Internal epicondyle 5 · Trochlea 7 · Olecranon 9 · External epicondyle 11", color: C.cobalt },
    { mnem: "FOOSH", full: "Mechanism of Common UL Fractures", detail: "Fall On OutStretched Hand → scaphoid, radial head, supracondylar, Colles' fracture", color: C.red },
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// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  SLIDE 19 — THANK YOU / END
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  const recap = [
    "8 Joint groups: GH · AC · SC · Elbow · Wrist · CMC · MCP · IP",
    "3 Posterior spaces: Quadrangular · Triangular · Triangular Interval",
    "Cubital fossa: TAN (Tendon · Artery · Nerve)",
    "Ulnar tunnel: Pisiform–Hamate frame",
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// ─── WRITE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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