1) 25-year-old man develops severe dehydration after acute gastroenteritis. He has decreased urine output and increased plasma osmolality. Questions: Explain the mechanism of glomerular filtration. (3) Describe the regulation of GFR. (2) Explain the role of ADH in urine concentration. (3) Mention the physiological changes occurring during dehydration. (2) 2. Cardiovascular Physiology (10 Marks) Describe the cardiac cycle with a neat labelled diagram. Questions: Phases of the cardiac cycle. (4) Pressure and volume changes during the cardiac cycle. (2) Heart sounds and their physiological basis. (2) Clinical significance of the cardiac cycle. (2) 3. Respiratory Physiology (10 Marks) A patient presents with breathlessness after climbing stairs. Questions: Explain pulmonary ventilation. (3) Describe oxygen transport in blood. (2) Explain regulation of respiration. (3) Define hypoxia and classify it. (2)