Classification of Lipids

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import (
    Drawing, Rect, String, Line, Polygon, RoundRect, Group
)
from reportlab.graphics import renderPDF
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import Drawing, Rect, String, Line, Circle, RoundRect
from reportlab.lib.colors import (
    HexColor, white, black
)
import os

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/lipids-study-guide/Lipid_Classification_Study_Guide.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_BLUE_DARK  = HexColor("#1A3C6E")   # headings / title bar
C_BLUE_MID   = HexColor("#2E6FD8")   # subheadings
C_BLUE_LIGHT = HexColor("#D6E6FF")   # row shading
C_GREEN      = HexColor("#1B7A3E")   # Simple lipids
C_GREEN_L    = HexColor("#D4F0E0")
C_PURPLE     = HexColor("#6A1B9A")   # Compound lipids
C_PURPLE_L   = HexColor("#EDE0F7")
C_ORANGE     = HexColor("#B85C00")   # Derived lipids
C_ORANGE_L   = HexColor("#FDEBD0")
C_YELLOW     = HexColor("#FFF9C4")   # highlight
C_GRAY_LIGHT = HexColor("#F5F5F5")
C_GRAY_MID   = HexColor("#CCCCCC")
C_RED        = HexColor("#C0392B")

# ── Document ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT, pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=1.5*cm, rightMargin=1.5*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm
)
W, H = A4
TW = W - 3*cm   # text width

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# Custom paragraph styles
def PS(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

title_style = PS("Title2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=22,
    textColor=white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)

subtitle_style = PS("Subtitle",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11,
    textColor=HexColor("#BBDEFB"), alignment=TA_CENTER)

h1 = PS("H1",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=14,
    textColor=white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)

h2 = PS("H2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12,
    textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=4)

h3_green = PS("H3G",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11,
    textColor=C_GREEN, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2)

h3_purple = PS("H3P",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11,
    textColor=C_PURPLE, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2)

h3_orange = PS("H3O",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11,
    textColor=C_ORANGE, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=2)

body = PS("Body",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=14, spaceAfter=3)

body_bold = PS("BodyBold",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=14)

small = PS("Small",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#444444"), leading=12)

tip = PS("Tip",
    fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", fontSize=9,
    textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, leading=13)

memory = PS("Memory",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10,
    textColor=C_RED, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: coloured banner paragraph
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def banner(text, style, bg, pad=6, radius=6):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(text, style)]], colWidths=[TW])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [radius]*4),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), pad),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), pad),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return tbl

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: section box
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_box(content_rows, header_text, header_bg, stripe_bg):
    """content_rows: list of [left_cell, right_cell] pairs"""
    data = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{header_text}</b>",
                       PS("SH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10,
                          textColor=white, alignment=TA_LEFT)),
             ""]]
    data += content_rows
    col_w = [TW*0.38, TW*0.62]
    tbl = Table(data, colWidths=col_w)
    style_cmds = [
        ("SPAN",          (0,0), (1,0)),
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (1,0), header_bg),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0,0), (1,0), white),
        ("FONTNAME",      (0,0), (1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("GRID",          (0,1), (-1,-1), 0.4, C_GRAY_MID),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0), (1,0), 1, white),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]
    for i in range(1, len(data)):
        bg = stripe_bg if i % 2 == 0 else white
        style_cmds.append(("BACKGROUND", (0,i), (1,i), bg))
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle(style_cmds))
    return tbl

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 1 – Tree / Mind-map of Lipid Classification
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_tree_diagram():
    dw, dh = TW, 210
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)

    cx = dw / 2  # centre x
    root_y = dh - 30
    root_w, root_h = 160, 30

    def box(x, y, w, h, fill, text, font_size=9, text_color=white, radius=5):
        r = RoundRect(x - w/2, y - h/2, w, h, radius, fillColor=fill,
                      strokeColor=HexColor("#555555"), strokeWidth=0.5)
        d.add(r)
        s = String(x, y - font_size*0.4, text,
                   fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=font_size,
                   fillColor=text_color, textAnchor="middle")
        d.add(s)

    def line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color=HexColor("#888888"), w=1):
        d.add(Line(x1, y1, x2, y2, strokeColor=color, strokeWidth=w))

    # Root
    box(cx, root_y, root_w, root_h, C_BLUE_DARK, "LIPIDS", font_size=13)

    # 3 branches
    branch_y = root_y - 70
    branches = [
        (cx - 195, branch_y, 110, 28, C_GREEN,  "1. SIMPLE"),
        (cx,       branch_y, 130, 28, C_PURPLE, "2. COMPOUND"),
        (cx + 195, branch_y, 110, 28, C_ORANGE, "3. DERIVED"),
    ]
    for bx, by, bw, bh, bc, bt in branches:
        line(cx, root_y - root_h//2, bx, by + bh//2, color=bc, w=1.5)
        box(bx, by, bw, bh, bc, bt, font_size=10)

    # Leaves
    leaves = [
        # Simple lipids
        (cx - 245, branch_y - 55, 95, 22, C_GREEN_L,   "Fats (Triglycerides)", C_GREEN),
        (cx - 145, branch_y - 55, 95, 22, C_GREEN_L,   "Waxes",               C_GREEN),
        # Compound lipids
        (cx - 75,  branch_y - 55, 90, 22, C_PURPLE_L,  "Phospholipids",       C_PURPLE),
        (cx + 5,   branch_y - 55, 85, 22, C_PURPLE_L,  "Glycolipids",         C_PURPLE),
        (cx + 85,  branch_y - 55, 90, 22, C_PURPLE_L,  "Lipoproteins",        C_PURPLE),
        # Derived
        (cx + 145, branch_y - 55, 88, 22, C_ORANGE_L,  "Fatty Acids",         C_ORANGE),
        (cx + 238, branch_y - 55, 88, 22, C_ORANGE_L,  "Sterols",             C_ORANGE),
    ]
    # parent connections
    parent_map = [
        (0, cx-195), (1, cx-195),
        (2, cx), (3, cx), (4, cx),
        (5, cx+195), (6, cx+195),
    ]
    for idx, (li, bx_parent) in enumerate(parent_map):
        lx, ly, lw, lh, lc, lt, tc = leaves[idx]
        line(bx_parent, branch_y - 28//2, lx, ly + lh//2, color=lc, w=1)
        r = RoundRect(lx - lw/2, ly - lh/2, lw, lh, 4,
                      fillColor=lc, strokeColor=HexColor("#AAAAAA"), strokeWidth=0.4)
        d.add(r)
        s = String(lx, ly - 3.5, lt,
                   fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                   fillColor=tc, textAnchor="middle")
        d.add(s)

    # Extra leaves row (more derived items)
    extra = [
        (cx + 145, branch_y - 88, 88, 18, C_ORANGE_L, "Vitamins A,D,E,K", C_ORANGE),
        (cx + 238, branch_y - 88, 88, 18, C_ORANGE_L, "Steroid Hormones",  C_ORANGE),
    ]
    for ex, ey, ew, eh, ec, et, etc_ in extra:
        line(cx+195, branch_y - 55 - 22//2, ex, ey + eh//2, color=C_ORANGE, w=0.8)
        r = RoundRect(ex - ew/2, ey - eh/2, ew, eh, 4,
                      fillColor=ec, strokeColor=HexColor("#AAAAAA"), strokeWidth=0.3)
        d.add(r)
        s = String(ex, ey - 3, et,
                   fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                   fillColor=etc_, textAnchor="middle")
        d.add(s)

    return d

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 2 – Phospholipid structure diagram
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_phospholipid_diagram():
    dw, dh = TW * 0.55, 140
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)

    # Head group (hydrophilic)
    head_y = dh - 35
    head_r = RoundRect(dw/2 - 40, head_y - 20, 80, 40, 8,
                       fillColor=HexColor("#AED6F1"), strokeColor=C_BLUE_MID, strokeWidth=1)
    d.add(head_r)
    d.add(String(dw/2, head_y - 5, "POLAR HEAD",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(dw/2, head_y - 16, "(Phosphate + Choline)",
                 fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Glycerol backbone
    bb_y = head_y - 45
    d.add(RoundRect(dw/2 - 20, bb_y - 10, 40, 20, 4,
                    fillColor=HexColor("#F9E79F"), strokeColor=HexColor("#B7950B"), strokeWidth=1))
    d.add(String(dw/2, bb_y - 5, "Glycerol",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
                 fillColor=HexColor("#7D6608"), textAnchor="middle"))

    # Connector lines
    d.add(Line(dw/2, head_y - 20, dw/2, bb_y + 10,
               strokeColor=C_BLUE_MID, strokeWidth=1.5))

    # Two fatty acid tails
    tail_y_top = bb_y - 10
    tail_h = 50
    for tx, label in [(dw/2 - 22, "Fatty Acid\n(tail 1)"), (dw/2 + 22, "Fatty Acid\n(tail 2)")]:
        d.add(Line(tx, tail_y_top, tx, tail_y_top - tail_h,
                   strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=2.5))
        for seg_y in range(int(tail_y_top - 5), int(tail_y_top - tail_h + 5), -8):
            pass  # just straight tails
        d.add(String(tx, tail_y_top - tail_h - 8, label.split("\n")[0],
                     fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=6.5,
                     fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Hydrophobic label
    d.add(String(dw/2, 8, "HYDROPHOBIC TAILS (Non-polar)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(dw/2, head_y + 12, "HYDROPHILIC HEAD (Polar)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_MID, textAnchor="middle"))

    return d

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 3 – Triglyceride structure
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_triglyceride_diagram():
    dw, dh = TW * 0.45, 140
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)

    mid_x = dw / 2
    # Glycerol column
    gy = [dh - 30, dh - 60, dh - 90]
    for i, y in enumerate(gy):
        d.add(RoundRect(mid_x - 28, y - 12, 56, 24, 4,
                        fillColor=HexColor("#F9E79F"),
                        strokeColor=HexColor("#B7950B"), strokeWidth=0.8))
        d.add(String(mid_x, y - 4, f"C{i+1} — OH",
                     fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                     fillColor=HexColor("#7D6608"), textAnchor="middle"))
    # Backbone label
    d.add(String(mid_x, dh - 10, "GLYCEROL",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Fatty acid tails
    fa_x = mid_x + 80
    for i, y in enumerate(gy):
        d.add(Line(mid_x + 28, y, fa_x - 35, y,
                   strokeColor=HexColor("#888888"), strokeWidth=0.8))
        d.add(Line(fa_x - 35, y - 10, fa_x + 35, y - 10,
                   strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=2.5))
        d.add(String(fa_x, y - 10 - 8, f"Fatty Acid {i+1}",
                     fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                     fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))
        # ester bond label
        d.add(String(mid_x + 50, y + 3, "ester bond",
                     fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=6,
                     fillColor=HexColor("#999999"), textAnchor="middle"))

    d.add(String(dw/2, 5, "TRIGLYCERIDE = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
                 fillColor=C_GREEN, textAnchor="middle"))
    return d


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# BUILD STORY
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story = []

# ── COVER BANNER ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cover = Table(
    [[Paragraph("CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS", title_style)],
     [Paragraph("1st Year MBBS · Biochemistry · 4-Mark Study Guide", subtitle_style)]],
    colWidths=[TW]
)
cover.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), C_BLUE_DARK),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [8]*4),
]))
story.append(cover)
story.append(Spacer(1, 10))

# ── DEFINITION ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("📌  DEFINITION", h1, C_BLUE_DARK))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "<b>Lipids</b> are <b>organic biomolecules</b> that are <b>insoluble in water</b> but "
    "<b>soluble in organic solvents</b> (ether, chloroform, benzene). "
    "They contain <b>C, H, O</b> (some also contain N, P, S). "
    "They serve as energy stores, membrane components, and signalling molecules.",
    body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── MAIN CLASSIFICATION DIAGRAM (Tree) ──────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("🌳  CLASSIFICATION OVERVIEW — MIND MAP", h1, C_BLUE_MID))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))
story.append(make_tree_diagram())
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── SIMPLE LIPIDS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("1.  SIMPLE LIPIDS", h1, C_GREEN),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Esters of <b>fatty acids + alcohol ONLY</b>. "
        "No extra group attached.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Fats (Triglycerides)</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("3 Fatty acids + Glycerol. Main <b>energy storage</b> in body. "
                       "E.g., body fat, butter, ghee.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Waxes</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("1 Fatty acid + Long-chain alcohol. Water-repellent. "
                       "E.g., Beeswax (Myricyl palmitate), Earwax, Lanolin (skin).", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE  ▸  SIMPLE LIPIDS", C_GREEN, C_GREEN_L
    ),
    Spacer(1, 6),
]))

# Triglyceride diagram
story.append(Paragraph("<b>Triglyceride Structure:</b>", h2))
story.append(make_triglyceride_diagram())
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── COMPOUND LIPIDS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("2.  COMPOUND LIPIDS  (Complex Lipids)", h1, C_PURPLE),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Simple lipid + <b>one extra non-lipid group</b>.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Phospholipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Fatty acid + Glycerol + <b>Phosphate + Nitrogen base</b>. "
                       "Form <b>cell membrane bilayer</b>. E.g., Lecithin (PC), Cephalin (PE), Sphingomyelin.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Glycolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Fatty acid + Sphingosine + <b>Carbohydrate (sugar)</b>. "
                       "Found in <b>brain & nerve tissue</b>. E.g., Cerebrosides, Gangliosides.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Lipoproteins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Lipid + <b>Protein</b>. Transport lipids in <b>blood</b>. "
                       "E.g., HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Sulfolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Contain a <b>sulfate (–SO₄)</b> group. Found in brain tissue.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Aminolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Contain an <b>amino (–NH₂)</b> group. Found in body tissues.", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE  ▸  COMPOUND LIPIDS", C_PURPLE, C_PURPLE_L
    ),
]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# Phospholipid diagram
story.append(Paragraph("<b>Phospholipid Structure (Amphipathic):</b>", h2))
diag_row = Table([[make_phospholipid_diagram(),
                   Paragraph(
                       "<b>Key Points:</b><br/>"
                       "• Has a <b>hydrophilic (water-loving) head</b> — faces outward<br/>"
                       "• Has <b>hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails</b> — face inward<br/>"
                       "• This amphipathic nature allows formation of the<br/>"
                       "  <b>lipid bilayer</b> — the basic structure of all cell membranes<br/>"
                       "• Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) is the most abundant<br/>"
                       "  phospholipid in the body<br/>"
                       "• Dipalmitoyl lecithin = <b>lung surfactant</b> (prevents alveolar collapse)",
                       PS("Note", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5,
                          textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=13)
                   )]],
                  colWidths=[TW*0.45, TW*0.55])
diag_row.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("BACKGROUND", (1,0), (1,0), C_PURPLE_L),
    ("TOPPADDING", (1,0), (1,0), 8),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (1,0), (1,0), 8),
]))
story.append(diag_row)
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── DERIVED LIPIDS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("3.  DERIVED LIPIDS", h1, C_ORANGE),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Products obtained by <b>hydrolysis</b> of simple or compound lipids. "
        "They do NOT contain ester linkage.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Fatty Acids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("E.g., Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0), Oleic (C18:1 — unsaturated). "
                       "Basic building blocks of all lipids.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Sterols</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("<b>Cholesterol</b> — most important sterol. Precursor for steroid hormones, "
                       "bile acids & Vitamin D. Plant: Phytosterols. Fungi: Ergosterol.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Glycerol</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("3-carbon backbone of triglycerides. Released on fat hydrolysis.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Fat-Soluble Vitamins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("<b>A, D, E, K</b> — stored in adipose tissue & liver. "
                       "NOT excreted easily → risk of toxicity if excess.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Steroid Hormones</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Cortisol, Aldosterone (adrenal cortex); Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone "
                       "(gonads). All derived from <b>Cholesterol</b>.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Bile Acids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Cholic acid, Chenodeoxycholic acid. Made in liver from cholesterol. "
                       "Help in <b>fat digestion & absorption</b> in intestine.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Prostaglandins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("20-carbon compounds derived from Arachidonic acid. "
                       "Involved in <b>inflammation, pain, fever</b>.", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE  ▸  DERIVED LIPIDS", C_ORANGE, C_ORANGE_L
    ),
    Spacer(1, 6),
]))

# ── SUMMARY TABLE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("📋  EXAM SUMMARY TABLE — Write This in Your Exam!", h1, C_BLUE_DARK))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

sum_data = [
    [Paragraph("<b>Class</b>", PS("SH2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Definition</b>", PS("SH2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Examples</b>", PS("SH2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Function</b>", PS("SH2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=white))],
    [Paragraph("<b>Simple</b>", PS("GH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_GREEN)),
     Paragraph("FA + Alcohol only", small),
     Paragraph("Triglycerides, Waxes", small),
     Paragraph("Energy storage, protection", small)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Compound</b>", PS("PH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_PURPLE)),
     Paragraph("Simple lipid + extra group", small),
     Paragraph("Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins", small),
     Paragraph("Cell membranes, lipid transport", small)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Derived</b>", PS("OH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_ORANGE)),
     Paragraph("Hydrolysis products", small),
     Paragraph("Cholesterol, Fatty acids, Vitamins A/D/E/K", small),
     Paragraph("Hormones, vitamins, bile, signalling", small)],
]
sum_tbl = Table(sum_data, colWidths=[TW*0.14, TW*0.25, TW*0.32, TW*0.29])
sum_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), C_BLUE_DARK),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,1), (-1,1), C_GREEN_L),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,2), (-1,2), C_PURPLE_L),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,3), (-1,3), C_ORANGE_L),
    ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, C_GRAY_MID),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
]))
story.append(sum_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── MEMORY TRICKS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("🧠  MEMORY TRICKS", h1, HexColor("#E74C3C")),
    Spacer(1, 5),
    Table(
        [[Paragraph(
            "<b>S – C – D</b><br/>"
            "<font color='#1B7A3E'><b>S</b></font> = Simple (Fats + Waxes)<br/>"
            "<font color='#6A1B9A'><b>C</b></font> = Compound (Phospho + Glyco + Lipoproteins)<br/>"
            "<font color='#B85C00'><b>D</b></font> = Derived (Cholesterol, FA, Vitamins, Hormones)",
            PS("Mem", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11,
               textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, leading=18)),
          Paragraph(
            "<b>For Compound Lipids:</b><br/>"
            "<font color='#6A1B9A'><b>P</b></font>lease <font color='#6A1B9A'><b>G</b></font>ive "
            "<font color='#6A1B9A'><b>L</b></font>ectures<br/>"
            "= <b>P</b>hosphol. · <b>G</b>lycolipids · <b>L</b>ipoproteins<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Fat-Soluble Vitamins: ADEK</b><br/>"
            "<i>\"A Dog Eats Kibble\"</i>",
            PS("Mem2", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10,
               textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, leading=16))]],
        colWidths=[TW*0.5, TW*0.5]
    ),
    Spacer(1, 5),
]))

# ── CLINICAL POINTS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(banner("⚕️  IMPORTANT CLINICAL POINTS (Impress Examiner!)", h1, HexColor("#1A7A1A")))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))
clinical_data = [
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Phospholipids</b> form the <b>lipid bilayer</b> of ALL cell membranes — amphipathic structure.", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Cholesterol</b> is the parent molecule for: Steroid hormones, Bile acids, Vitamin D.", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Triglycerides</b> = Main energy storage form. 1g fat → 9 kcal (more than carbs/proteins).", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Lipoproteins</b> (HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons) transport lipids in blood — lipids cannot dissolve alone in plasma.", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Lung surfactant</b> = Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) — prevents alveolar collapse on expiration.", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Prostaglandins</b> derived from arachidonic acid — target of NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen).", small)],
    ["•", Paragraph("<b>Fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K</b> → stored in liver/adipose tissue → toxicity possible if overdosed.", small)],
]
cli_tbl = Table(clinical_data, colWidths=[0.4*cm, TW - 0.4*cm])
cli_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0), (-1,-1),
     [HexColor("#F0FFF0"), HexColor("#FFFFFF")]),
]))
story.append(cli_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── FOOTER ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width=TW, color=C_BLUE_DARK, thickness=1))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "1st Year MBBS · Biochemistry · Classification of Lipids · Study Guide  |  Good Luck in Your Exams! 🎓",
    PS("Footer", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8,
       textColor=HexColor("#888888"), alignment=TA_CENTER)
))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import Drawing, Rect, String, Line, Circle, Polygon, PolyLine
from reportlab.graphics import renderPDF
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor, white, black

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/lipids-study-guide/Lipid_Classification_Study_Guide.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_BLUE_DARK  = HexColor("#1A3C6E")
C_BLUE_MID   = HexColor("#2E6FD8")
C_BLUE_LIGHT = HexColor("#D6E6FF")
C_GREEN      = HexColor("#1B7A3E")
C_GREEN_L    = HexColor("#D4F0E0")
C_PURPLE     = HexColor("#6A1B9A")
C_PURPLE_L   = HexColor("#EDE0F7")
C_ORANGE     = HexColor("#B85C00")
C_ORANGE_L   = HexColor("#FDEBD0")
C_RED        = HexColor("#C0392B")
C_GRAY_MID   = HexColor("#CCCCCC")
C_GRAY_LIGHT = HexColor("#F5F5F5")

# ── Document ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT, pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=1.5*cm, rightMargin=1.5*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm
)
W, H = A4
TW = W - 3*cm

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def PS(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

title_style = PS("Title2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=22,
    textColor=white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)

subtitle_style = PS("Subtitle",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11,
    textColor=HexColor("#BBDEFB"), alignment=TA_CENTER)

h1 = PS("H1",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=13,
    textColor=white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)

h2 = PS("H2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12,
    textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=4)

body = PS("Body",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=14, spaceAfter=3)

body_bold = PS("BodyBold",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=14)

small = PS("Small",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5,
    textColor=HexColor("#444444"), leading=12)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: coloured banner
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def banner(text, style, bg, pad=7):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(text, style)]], colWidths=[TW])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), pad),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), pad),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ]))
    return tbl

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: section table
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_box(content_rows, header_text, header_bg, stripe_bg):
    data = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{header_text}</b>",
                       PS("SH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9,
                          textColor=white, alignment=TA_LEFT)),
             ""]]
    data += content_rows
    col_w = [TW*0.32, TW*0.68]
    tbl = Table(data, colWidths=col_w)
    cmds = [
        ("SPAN",          (0,0), (1,0)),
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (1,0), header_bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("GRID",          (0,1), (-1,-1), 0.4, C_GRAY_MID),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0), (1,0), 1, white),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]
    for i in range(1, len(data)):
        bg = stripe_bg if i % 2 == 0 else white
        cmds.append(("BACKGROUND", (0,i), (1,i), bg))
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle(cmds))
    return tbl

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: draw a box with label (using Rect + String)
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def draw_box(d, cx, cy, w, h, fill, stroke, text, font_size=8.5, text_color=None):
    if text_color is None:
        text_color = white
    r = Rect(cx - w/2, cy - h/2, w, h,
             fillColor=fill, strokeColor=stroke, strokeWidth=0.8)
    d.add(r)
    # Simple single-line text
    s = String(cx, cy - font_size * 0.38, text,
               fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=font_size,
               fillColor=text_color, textAnchor="middle")
    d.add(s)

def draw_small_box(d, cx, cy, w, h, fill, stroke, text, font_size=7.5, text_color=None):
    if text_color is None:
        text_color = black
    r = Rect(cx - w/2, cy - h/2, w, h,
             fillColor=fill, strokeColor=stroke, strokeWidth=0.5)
    d.add(r)
    s = String(cx, cy - font_size * 0.38, text,
               fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=font_size,
               fillColor=text_color, textAnchor="middle")
    d.add(s)

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 1 – Classification Tree
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_tree_diagram():
    dw = float(TW)
    dh = 220.0
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)

    cx = dw / 2.0

    # Root
    root_y = dh - 28.0
    draw_box(d, cx, root_y, 150, 28, C_BLUE_DARK, HexColor("#0A1E40"), "LIPIDS", 14, white)

    # Branch centres
    bx = [cx - 185.0, cx, cx + 185.0]
    by = root_y - 68.0
    b_colors = [C_GREEN, C_PURPLE, C_ORANGE]
    b_labels = ["1. SIMPLE LIPIDS", "2. COMPOUND LIPIDS", "3. DERIVED LIPIDS"]
    b_w = [115, 128, 115]

    for i in range(3):
        # Connector from root
        d.add(Line(cx, root_y - 14, bx[i], by + 14,
                   strokeColor=b_colors[i], strokeWidth=1.5))
        draw_box(d, bx[i], by, b_w[i], 26, b_colors[i],
                 HexColor("#000000"), b_labels[i], 9.5, white)

    # Leaf nodes
    leaf_y = by - 58.0
    leaf_data = [
        # (parent_x, leaf_x, label, fill, stroke_c)
        (bx[0], bx[0]-30, "Fats\n(Triglycerides)", C_GREEN_L, C_GREEN),
        (bx[0], bx[0]+38, "Waxes", C_GREEN_L, C_GREEN),
        (bx[1], bx[1]-55, "Phospholipids", C_PURPLE_L, C_PURPLE),
        (bx[1], bx[1]+2,  "Glycolipids", C_PURPLE_L, C_PURPLE),
        (bx[1], bx[1]+60, "Lipoproteins", C_PURPLE_L, C_PURPLE),
        (bx[2], bx[2]-38, "Fatty Acids", C_ORANGE_L, C_ORANGE),
        (bx[2], bx[2]+38, "Sterols &\nHormones", C_ORANGE_L, C_ORANGE),
    ]
    lw, lh = 78.0, 24.0
    for px, lx, label, fill, sc in leaf_data:
        # connector
        d.add(Line(px, by - 13, lx, leaf_y + lh/2,
                   strokeColor=sc, strokeWidth=0.9))
        # box
        r = Rect(lx - lw/2, leaf_y - lh/2, lw, lh,
                 fillColor=fill, strokeColor=sc, strokeWidth=0.5)
        d.add(r)
        # text (handle newline manually)
        lines = label.split("\n")
        if len(lines) == 1:
            d.add(String(lx, leaf_y - 3.5, lines[0],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                         fillColor=sc, textAnchor="middle"))
        else:
            d.add(String(lx, leaf_y + 2, lines[0],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                         fillColor=sc, textAnchor="middle"))
            d.add(String(lx, leaf_y - 8, lines[1],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                         fillColor=sc, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Extra derived items below
    extra_y = leaf_y - 40.0
    extra_items = [
        (bx[2]-38, "Vitamins A,D,E,K"),
        (bx[2]+38, "Bile Acids &\nProstaglandins"),
    ]
    ew, eh = 85.0, 22.0
    for ex, elabel in extra_items:
        d.add(Line(bx[2], leaf_y - lh/2, ex, extra_y + eh/2,
                   strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=0.7))
        r = Rect(ex - ew/2, extra_y - eh/2, ew, eh,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE_L, strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=0.4)
        d.add(r)
        lines = elabel.split("\n")
        if len(lines) == 1:
            d.add(String(ex, extra_y - 3, lines[0],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                         fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))
        else:
            d.add(String(ex, extra_y + 2.5, lines[0],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                         fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))
            d.add(String(ex, extra_y - 7, lines[1],
                         fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                         fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))

    return d

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 2 – Phospholipid (amphipathic structure)
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_phospholipid_diagram():
    dw = float(TW * 0.48)
    dh = 150.0
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)
    mx = dw / 2.0

    # Hydrophilic head
    head_y = dh - 32.0
    r = Rect(mx - 44, head_y - 20, 88, 40,
             fillColor=HexColor("#AED6F1"), strokeColor=C_BLUE_MID, strokeWidth=1)
    d.add(r)
    d.add(String(mx, head_y + 2, "POLAR HEAD",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(mx, head_y - 10, "(Phosphate + Nitrogen base)",
                 fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Glycerol
    gly_y = head_y - 46.0
    r2 = Rect(mx - 22, gly_y - 11, 44, 22,
              fillColor=HexColor("#F9E79F"), strokeColor=HexColor("#B7950B"), strokeWidth=0.8)
    d.add(r2)
    d.add(String(mx, gly_y - 4, "Glycerol",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                 fillColor=HexColor("#7D6608"), textAnchor="middle"))

    # Connector head to glycerol
    d.add(Line(mx, head_y - 20, mx, gly_y + 11,
               strokeColor=C_BLUE_MID, strokeWidth=1.5))

    # Two tails
    tail_top = gly_y - 11.0
    tail_bot = tail_top - 52.0
    for tx in [mx - 18, mx + 18]:
        d.add(Line(tx, tail_top, tx, tail_bot,
                   strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=3))

    # Tail labels
    d.add(String(mx - 18, tail_bot - 9, "Tail 1",
                 fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(mx + 18, tail_bot - 9, "Tail 2",
                 fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Annotations
    d.add(String(mx, dh - 8, "HYDROPHILIC HEAD  (Water-loving)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_MID, textAnchor="middle"))
    d.add(String(mx, 5, "HYDROPHOBIC TAILS  (Water-fearing)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique", fontSize=7,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))

    return d

# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DIAGRAM 3 – Triglyceride structure
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_triglyceride_diagram():
    dw = float(TW * 0.52)
    dh = 150.0
    d = Drawing(dw, dh)

    mx = dw * 0.3
    fa_x = dw * 0.75

    # Title
    d.add(String(dw/2, dh - 8, "TRIGLYCERIDE STRUCTURE",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9,
                 fillColor=C_GREEN, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Glycerol boxes
    gy = [dh - 45.0, dh - 75.0, dh - 105.0]
    labels = ["C1 – OH", "C2 – OH", "C3 – OH"]
    for y, lbl in zip(gy, labels):
        r = Rect(mx - 28, y - 11, 56, 22,
                 fillColor=HexColor("#F9E79F"),
                 strokeColor=HexColor("#B7950B"), strokeWidth=0.8)
        d.add(r)
        d.add(String(mx, y - 4, lbl,
                     fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                     fillColor=HexColor("#7D6608"), textAnchor="middle"))

    # Glycerol label
    d.add(String(mx, dh - 22, "GLYCEROL",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                 fillColor=C_BLUE_DARK, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Fatty acid tails
    for y in gy:
        # Ester bond connector
        d.add(Line(mx + 28, y, fa_x - 42, y,
                   strokeColor=HexColor("#888888"), strokeWidth=0.7))
        # ester bond label
        d.add(String(mx + 50, y + 5, "ester",
                     fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=6,
                     fillColor=HexColor("#999999"), textAnchor="middle"))
        # Fatty acid bar
        d.add(Line(fa_x - 42, y, fa_x + 42, y,
                   strokeColor=C_ORANGE, strokeWidth=4))

    # Fatty acid label
    d.add(String(fa_x, dh - 22, "FATTY ACIDS  (×3)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8,
                 fillColor=C_ORANGE, textAnchor="middle"))

    # Formula at bottom
    d.add(String(dw/2, 5, "Triglyceride = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids  (via Ester Bonds)",
                 fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
                 fillColor=C_GREEN, textAnchor="middle"))

    return d


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# BUILD STORY
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story = []

# ── COVER BANNER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cover = Table(
    [[Paragraph("CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS", title_style)],
     [Paragraph("1st Year MBBS  |  Biochemistry  |  4-Mark Exam Study Guide", subtitle_style)]],
    colWidths=[TW]
)
cover.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), C_BLUE_DARK),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
]))
story.append(cover)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── DEFINITION ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("DEFINITION", h1, C_BLUE_DARK))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "<b>Lipids</b> are <b>organic biomolecules</b> that are <b>insoluble in water</b> but "
    "<b>soluble in organic solvents</b> (ether, chloroform, benzene). "
    "They contain <b>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen</b> (some also have N, P, S). "
    "They serve as energy stores, membrane components, hormones, and signalling molecules.",
    body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── MAIN CLASSIFICATION TREE DIAGRAM ─────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("CLASSIFICATION OVERVIEW   (Mind Map / Tree Diagram)", h1, C_BLUE_MID))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))
story.append(make_tree_diagram())
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── 1. SIMPLE LIPIDS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("1.  SIMPLE LIPIDS", h1, C_GREEN),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Esters of <b>fatty acids + alcohol ONLY</b>. No extra group attached.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Fats (Triglycerides)</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("3 Fatty acids + Glycerol (via ester bonds). Main <b>energy storage</b> form in body. "
                       "1 g fat = 9 kcal. Examples: body fat, butter, ghee, olive oil.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Waxes</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("1 Fatty acid + Long-chain monohydric alcohol. "
                       "Water-repellent coating. "
                       "Examples: Beeswax (Myricyl palmitate), Earwax (cerumen), Lanolin (skin), Carnauba wax.", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE   vs   DETAILS", C_GREEN, C_GREEN_L
    ),
    Spacer(1, 6),
]))

# Triglyceride diagram
story.append(Paragraph("<b>Triglyceride Structure:</b>", h2))
story.append(make_triglyceride_diagram())
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── 2. COMPOUND LIPIDS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("2.  COMPOUND LIPIDS  (Complex Lipids)", h1, C_PURPLE),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Consist of simple lipid + <b>one additional non-lipid group</b>.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Phospholipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("FA + Glycerol + <b>Phosphate + Nitrogenous base</b>. "
                       "Form <b>cell membrane bilayer</b> (amphipathic). "
                       "E.g., Lecithin (PC), Cephalin (PE), Sphingomyelin. "
                       "Lung surfactant = DPPC (dipalmitoyl lecithin).", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Glycolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("FA + Sphingosine + <b>Carbohydrate (sugar)</b>. "
                       "Found in <b>brain and nerve tissue</b>. "
                       "E.g., Cerebrosides (glucose/galactose), Gangliosides.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Lipoproteins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Lipid + <b>Protein (apoprotein)</b>. "
                       "Transport lipids in <b>blood</b> (lipids can't dissolve in plasma alone). "
                       "E.g., Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Sulfolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Contain a <b>sulfate (-SO4)</b> group. Found in brain tissue.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Aminolipids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Contain an <b>amino (-NH2)</b> group. Found in tissues.", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE   vs   DETAILS", C_PURPLE, C_PURPLE_L
    ),
    Spacer(1, 6),
]))

# Phospholipid diagram + notes side by side
story.append(Paragraph("<b>Phospholipid (Amphipathic) Structure:</b>", h2))
diag_row = Table(
    [[make_phospholipid_diagram(),
      Paragraph(
          "<b>Key Points:</b><br/>"
          "- Has a <b>hydrophilic (polar) head</b> - faces water/outside<br/>"
          "- Has <b>hydrophobic (non-polar) tails</b> - face inward<br/>"
          "- This amphipathic property = <b>lipid bilayer</b> formation<br/>"
          "- Bilayer = basic unit of ALL cell membranes<br/>"
          "- Lecithin = most abundant phospholipid in body<br/>"
          "- DPPC = lung surfactant (prevents alveolar collapse)<br/>"
          "- Cephalin = important in blood clotting",
          PS("Note", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5,
             textColor=HexColor("#212121"), leading=14)
      )]],
    colWidths=[TW*0.46, TW*0.54]
)
diag_row.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (1,0), (1,0), C_PURPLE_L),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (1,0), (1,0), 10),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (1,0), (1,0), 10),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (1,0), (1,0), 10),
]))
story.append(diag_row)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── 3. DERIVED LIPIDS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("3.  DERIVED LIPIDS", h1, C_ORANGE),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    Paragraph(
        "<b>Definition:</b> Products obtained by <b>hydrolysis</b> (breakdown) of simple or compound lipids. "
        "They do NOT contain ester linkage but have lipid-like properties.",
        body),
    Spacer(1, 4),
    section_box(
        [
            [Paragraph("<b>Fatty Acids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Basic building blocks of all lipids. "
                       "Saturated: Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0). "
                       "Unsaturated: Oleic (C18:1), Linoleic (C18:2, essential), Arachidonic (C20:4).", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Sterols</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("<b>Cholesterol</b> - most important. Animal sterols. "
                       "Phytosterols (plants), Ergosterol (fungi - precursor of Vit D). "
                       "Cholesterol = precursor of steroid hormones, bile acids, Vit D.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Glycerol</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("3-carbon backbone released on hydrolysis of triglycerides.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Fat-Soluble Vitamins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("<b>A, D, E, K</b> - stored in liver and adipose tissue. "
                       "NOT excreted in urine - risk of toxicity if overdosed.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Steroid Hormones</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("All derived from <b>Cholesterol</b>. "
                       "Cortisol, Aldosterone (adrenal cortex); "
                       "Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone (gonads).", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Bile Acids</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("Made in liver from cholesterol. "
                       "E.g., Cholic acid, Chenodeoxycholic acid. "
                       "Function: emulsify fats for digestion and absorption.", small)],
            [Paragraph("<b>Prostaglandins</b>", body_bold),
             Paragraph("20-carbon compounds from Arachidonic acid. "
                       "Involved in inflammation, pain, fever, platelet aggregation. "
                       "Target of NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen).", small)],
        ],
        "TYPE   vs   DETAILS", C_ORANGE, C_ORANGE_L
    ),
    Spacer(1, 6),
]))

# ── SUMMARY TABLE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(banner("EXAM SUMMARY TABLE  -  Write This in Your Exam!", h1, C_BLUE_DARK))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

hdr = lambda t: Paragraph(f"<b>{t}</b>",
    PS("SH2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=white))

sum_data = [
    [hdr("Class"), hdr("Definition"), hdr("Examples"), hdr("Main Function")],
    [Paragraph("<b>Simple</b>",
               PS("GH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_GREEN)),
     Paragraph("FA + Alcohol only<br/>(ester bond)", small),
     Paragraph("Triglycerides, Waxes", small),
     Paragraph("Energy storage, waterproofing", small)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Compound</b>",
               PS("PH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_PURPLE)),
     Paragraph("Simple lipid +<br/>extra non-lipid group", small),
     Paragraph("Phospholipids,<br/>Glycolipids, Lipoproteins", small),
     Paragraph("Cell membranes,<br/>lipid transport in blood", small)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Derived</b>",
               PS("OH", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_ORANGE)),
     Paragraph("Hydrolysis products<br/>of above", small),
     Paragraph("Cholesterol, Fatty acids,<br/>Vitamins A/D/E/K,<br/>Steroid hormones", small),
     Paragraph("Hormones, vitamins,<br/>bile salts, signalling", small)],
]
sum_tbl = Table(sum_data, colWidths=[TW*0.13, TW*0.24, TW*0.32, TW*0.31])
sum_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), C_BLUE_DARK),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,1), (-1,1), C_GREEN_L),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,2), (-1,2), C_PURPLE_L),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,3), (-1,3), C_ORANGE_L),
    ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, C_GRAY_MID),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
]))
story.append(sum_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── MEMORY TRICKS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(KeepTogether([
    banner("MEMORY TRICKS", h1, HexColor("#C0392B")),
    Spacer(1, 5),
    Table(
        [[Paragraph(
            "<b>Remember 3 Classes:  S - C - D</b><br/><br/>"
            "<font color='#1B7A3E'><b>S</b></font> = Simple  (Fats + Waxes)<br/>"
            "<font color='#6A1B9A'><b>C</b></font> = Compound  (Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins)<br/>"
            "<font color='#B85C00'><b>D</b></font> = Derived  (Cholesterol, Fatty acids, Vitamins A/D/E/K)",
            PS("M1", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10.5,
               textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, leading=18)),
          Paragraph(
            "<b>For Compound Lipids - PGL:</b><br/>"
            "<i>\"Please Give Lectures\"</i><br/>"
            "<b>P</b> = Phospholipids<br/>"
            "<b>G</b> = Glycolipids<br/>"
            "<b>L</b> = Lipoproteins<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Fat-Soluble Vitamins: ADEK</b><br/>"
            "<i>\"A Dog Eats Kibble\"</i>",
            PS("M2", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=10,
               textColor=C_BLUE_DARK, leading=15))]],
        colWidths=[TW*0.54, TW*0.46]
    ),
    Spacer(1, 5),
]))

# ── CLINICAL POINTS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(banner("IMPORTANT CLINICAL POINTS  (Impress Your Examiner!)", h1, HexColor("#1A7A1A")))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

clinical_data = [
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Phospholipids</b> form the <b>lipid bilayer</b> of ALL cell membranes because of their amphipathic structure.", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Cholesterol</b> is parent molecule for: steroid hormones + bile acids + Vitamin D.", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Triglycerides</b> = main energy storage (9 kcal/g vs 4 kcal/g for carbs/proteins).", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Lipoproteins</b> (HDL, LDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons) transport lipids in blood since lipids alone cannot dissolve in plasma.", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>DPPC (Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine)</b> = lung surfactant. Deficiency in premature babies = Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Prostaglandins</b> from arachidonic acid - NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen) block their synthesis = anti-inflammatory effect.", small)],
    ["*", Paragraph("<b>Fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K</b> - stored in liver/adipose - risk of hypervitaminosis (toxicity) if overdosed.", small)],
]
cli_tbl = Table(clinical_data, colWidths=[0.35*cm, TW - 0.35*cm])
cli_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0), (-1,-1),
     [HexColor("#F0FFF0"), HexColor("#FFFFFF")]),
]))
story.append(cli_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── FOOTER ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width=TW, color=C_BLUE_DARK, thickness=1))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "1st Year MBBS  |  Biochemistry  |  Classification of Lipids Study Guide  |  Best of Luck in Your Exams!",
    PS("Footer", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8,
       textColor=HexColor("#888888"), alignment=TA_CENTER)
))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/lipids-study-guide/generate_pdf.py'