Orris

Explain me 10 common heart disease with Ecg and ecg inages of those diseases

Reading File
Finding Sources
Searching Images

ECG electrocardiogram myocardial infarction STEMI

Finding Sources
Searching Images

atrial fibrillation ECG ventricular fibrillation arrhythmia

Searching Images

heart block complete AV block third degree ECG

Searching Images

ventricular tachycardia ECG wide QRS

Searching Images

left bundle branch block LBBB ECG

Searching Images

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome delta wave ECG pre-excitation

Searching Images

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ECG left ventricular hypertrophy

Searching Images

long QT syndrome ECG torsades de pointes

Searching Images

pericarditis ECG saddle shaped ST elevation

Searching Images

right bundle branch block RBBB ECG RSR pattern

Here is a comprehensive guide to 10 Common Heart Diseases with ECG Findings and Images:

10 Common Heart Diseases β€” ECG Guide

1. πŸ«€ ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

What is it?

STEMI is a complete occlusion of a coronary artery causing full-thickness (transmural) myocardial necrosis. It is a cardiac emergency requiring immediate reperfusion (PCI or thrombolysis).

ECG Features

  • ST-segment elevation β‰₯1 mm in β‰₯2 contiguous leads
  • Tombstone morphology β€” convex (dome-shaped) ST elevation
  • Reciprocal ST depression in mirror-image leads
  • Pathological Q waves develop within hours (indicating necrosis)
  • T-wave inversion in later stages
TerritoryLeads with ST ElevationCulprit Artery
AnteriorV1–V4LAD
InferiorII, III, aVFRCA or LCx
LateralI, aVL, V5–V6LCx or LAD
PosteriorST depression V1–V3RCA or LCx

Anterior STEMI ECG:

Anterior STEMI β€” tombstoning ST elevation in V2–V5 with evolving Q waves (LAD occlusion)

Inferior STEMI ECG:

Inferior STEMI β€” ST elevation in II, III, aVF with reciprocal depression in I and aVL

2. πŸ’“ Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

What is it?

AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, caused by chaotic electrical activity in the atria. It increases stroke risk 5-fold due to thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage.

ECG Features

  • Absent P waves β€” replaced by chaotic fibrillatory (f) waves
  • Irregularly irregular R-R intervals (pathognomonic)
  • Narrow QRS (unless aberrant conduction or WPW)
  • Ventricular rate typically 100–160 bpm if uncontrolled (rapid ventricular response)
  • f-waves most visible in V1 and lead II

AF ECG:

Atrial fibrillation β€” absent P waves, irregular R-R intervals, fine fibrillatory baseline

AF with Rapid Ventricular Response:

AF with RVR β€” irregularly irregular rhythm, no organized P waves, rapid narrow QRS complexes

3. 🚫 Complete (Third-Degree) AV Block

What is it?

Complete AV block is a life-threatening condition where no atrial impulses conduct to the ventricles. The atria and ventricles beat independently. Requires urgent pacemaker implantation.

ECG Features

  • AV dissociation β€” P waves and QRS complexes have no relationship
  • P-P intervals regular; R-R intervals regular β€” but independent of each other
  • Escape rhythm maintains ventricular activity:
    • Junctional escape: narrow QRS (~40–60 bpm)
    • Ventricular escape: wide QRS (~20–40 bpm)
  • P waves "march through" QRS complexes

3rd Degree Heart Block ECG:

Complete AV block β€” P waves and wide QRS complexes dissociated, ventricular escape rhythm ~36 bpm

Rhythm Strip (Lead II) β€” Complete Heart Block:

Lead II rhythm strip β€” complete heart block with junctional escape rhythm, P waves independent of narrow QRS

4. ⚑ Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

What is it?

VT is a rapid rhythm (β‰₯3 beats at β‰₯100 bpm) originating from the ventricles. Monomorphic VT has a regular, uniform QRS; polymorphic VT has varying QRS morphology. Sustained VT can cause hemodynamic collapse.

ECG Features

  • Wide QRS complexes (>120 ms) β€” often β‰₯160 ms
  • Rapid rate β€” typically 140–250 bpm
  • AV dissociation (P waves at slower, independent rate)
  • Fusion beats and capture beats (pathognomonic when present)
  • Concordance across precordial leads (all positive or all negative)
  • Monomorphic: uniform QRS; Polymorphic: varying QRS

Monomorphic VT ECG:

Monomorphic VT β€” wide complex tachycardia, positive concordance in precordial leads, no visible P waves

5. ➑️ Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)

What is it?

LBBB occurs when conduction down the left bundle is blocked, forcing the left ventricle to depolarize slowly via the right bundle. New LBBB in the context of chest pain is treated as STEMI-equivalent.

ECG Features

  • Broad QRS β‰₯120 ms
  • Dominant R wave in lateral leads (I, aVL, V5–V6) β€” often notched/M-shaped
  • Deep S wave or QS in V1–V3
  • Discordant ST-T changes β€” ST/T wave opposite to main QRS deflection
  • No septal Q waves in I, aVL, V5–V6
  • Use Sgarbossa criteria to detect MI in LBBB

LBBB ECG:

LBBB β€” wide QRS, broad monophasic R waves in lateral leads, deep S-waves in V1–V3, discordant T-waves

6. ➑️ Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)

What is it?

RBBB results from conduction delay in the right bundle branch. The right ventricle depolarizes late via slow cell-to-cell conduction. Can be normal variant or indicate structural disease (e.g., ASD, PE, RV pressure overload).

ECG Features

  • Broad QRS β‰₯120 ms
  • RSR' (rabbit-ear) pattern in V1–V3 β€” the hallmark
  • Wide, slurred S waves in lateral leads (I, aVL, V5–V6)
  • Secondary T-wave inversion in V1–V3 (discordant)
  • Right axis deviation may be present

RBBB ECG:

RBBB β€” rSR' (rabbit-ear) pattern in V1-V3, broad slurred S waves in I, aVL, V5-V6, T-wave inversion in right precordial leads

7. πŸ”” Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

What is it?

HCM is a genetic disorder (usually sarcomere protein mutations) causing asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, typically of the interventricular septum. It is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.

ECG Features

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) voltage criteria (Sokolow-Lyon: S in V1 + R in V5/V6 β‰₯35 mm)
  • Deep, widespread T-wave inversions (especially in apical HCM β€” "giant T-wave inversions" in V3–V6)
  • ST-segment depression in lateral leads
  • Strain pattern β€” ST depression + T inversion in V4–V6
  • Absence of septal Q waves in lateral leads
  • Left axis deviation

HCM ECG (Septal variant):

HCM ECG β€” high-voltage R waves, ST depression, deep T-wave inversions in precordial leads, strain pattern

Apical HCM ECG (Yamaguchi Syndrome):

Apical HCM β€” giant T-wave inversions V2–V6, high QRS voltage, classic Yamaguchi syndrome pattern

8. ⏱️ Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

What is it?

LQTS is a disorder of cardiac repolarization (inherited or acquired) resulting in QT prolongation. This predisposes to torsades de pointes (TdP) β€” a polymorphic VT that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

ECG Features

  • Prolonged QTc (corrected QT interval):
    • Males: QTc >440 ms
    • Females: QTc >460 ms
    • Risk of TdP: QTc >500 ms
  • T-wave abnormalities: broad T waves (LQT1), notched T waves (LQT2), small T with large U wave (LQT3)
  • Torsades de Pointes: polymorphic VT with characteristic "twisting" of QRS axis around isoelectric line
  • Triggered by "short-long-short" sequence

Long QT with Torsades de Pointes ECG:

Long QT syndrome β€” QTc 680 ms, U waves in V1, progressing to polymorphic VT (torsades de pointes)

Torsades de Pointes Initiation:

Torsades de pointes β€” short-long-short trigger, polymorphic VT with twisting QRS morphology around isoelectric line

9. πŸ”΅ Acute Pericarditis

What is it?

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, commonly viral (Coxsackie B, echovirus). Presents with sharp, pleuritic chest pain relieved by leaning forward. The ECG reflects diffuse pericardial inflammation.

ECG Features (4 stages)

  • Stage 1 (hours–days): Diffuse concave ("saddle-shaped") ST elevation in nearly all leads (except aVR and V1); PR segment depression (most specific finding); PR elevation in aVR
  • Stage 2 (days): ST elevation resolves; T waves flatten
  • Stage 3 (1–3 weeks): T-wave inversions appear
  • Stage 4: ECG normalizes
  • Key differentiator from STEMI: diffuse distribution, concave shape, no Q waves, PR depression

Pericarditis ECG:

Acute pericarditis β€” diffuse saddle-shaped ST elevation, PR depression in multiple leads, reciprocal changes in aVR

10. ⚑ Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome

What is it?

WPW is a pre-excitation syndrome caused by an accessory conduction pathway (Bundle of Kent) that bypasses the AV node, allowing premature ventricular activation. Patients are prone to supraventricular tachycardia and, if AF develops, can have dangerously rapid ventricular rates β†’ VF.

ECG Features

  • Short PR interval (<120 ms) β€” AV node is bypassed
  • Delta wave β€” slurred upstroke at the start of QRS (early ventricular activation)
  • Broad QRS (>120 ms) β€” combination of delta wave + normal conduction
  • Secondary ST-T changes β€” discordant to QRS
  • Accessory pathway location can be estimated from delta wave polarity
  • During orthodromic AVRT: narrow-complex tachycardia
  • During AF: wide, irregular, rapid rhythm β€” life-threatening

WPW ECG:

WPW syndrome β€” short PR interval, delta waves with slurred QRS onset, widened QRS, secondary ST-T changes

Quick Reference Summary Table

#DiseaseKey ECG Finding
1STEMIConvex ST elevation + Q waves in territory
2Atrial FibrillationNo P waves, irregularly irregular
3Complete AV BlockAV dissociation, escape rhythm
4Ventricular TachycardiaWide QRS tachycardia, AV dissociation
5LBBBBroad QRS, dominant R in lateral leads
6RBBBRSR' in V1, slurred S in lateral leads
7HCMLVH voltage + deep T inversions
8Long QT SyndromeQTc >500 ms β†’ Torsades de Pointes
9Acute PericarditisDiffuse concave ST elevation + PR depression
10WPW SyndromeShort PR + delta wave + wide QRS
Clinical Pearl: Always assess the ECG systematically β€” rate, rhythm, axis, intervals (PR, QRS, QTc), then ST-T changes. Pattern recognition is built on understanding the underlying electrophysiology of each condition.

How i get pdf of this

Reading File
Running Command
Running Command
Writing File
You've run out of free credits. Sign up for a free account to continue using Orris.
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.