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Classify agricultural poisons - fmt narayana reddy

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Agricultural poisons (from a forensic medicine perspective) are typically classified based on their chemical nature and mechanism of action. Let me look up the Narayana Reddy textbook specifically.
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The library has "The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology" (36th edition) - this is the K.S. Narayana Reddy textbook. Let me search for agricultural poisons in it.
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Good - I'm in block 6 which covers organophosphorus poisons. Let me now look for the broader classification of agricultural poisons - which would be earlier in the toxicology section. Let me search block 5 for classification headings.
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Let me search for the classification of agricultural poisons specifically in block 5 or block 6:
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I can see the text is covering pesticides and hazardous materials. Let me read further in block 5 to find the classification of agricultural poisons section, and also look back near the start of the toxicology section:
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Excellent! I now have the classification. I can see that agricultural poisons appear as a sub-category under irritants AND also as agrochemical poisons under miscellaneous. Let me read a bit more to get the full Agricultural/Agrochemical classification:
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Now let me find the dedicated "Agricultural" section under irritants - it should be slightly before line 8488. Let me also look for the dedicated agricultural poisons classification heading:
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Now I have the complete picture. I also noticed the text mentions "Agricultural" as a subtype under irritants at line 8496. Let me now look for the dedicated agricultural poison sub-classification. Let me go back a bit before line 8488 to find the classification scheme context:
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Now let me also search block 6 for the dedicated agricultural poisons sub-classification (types of agricultural poisons in more detail):
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Now let me look for the agricultural poisons classification at the end of block 5, around the section just before block 6 begins (which starts mid-topic on synthetic organic insecticides):
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Let me look for the agricultural poisons dedicated classification section that lists things like insecticides, herbicides, fungicides:
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Let me look specifically for the agricultural poisons chapter which should be in an earlier part of block 5:
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I now have all the information needed from K.S. Narayana Reddy's textbook. Let me compile the complete answer.

Classification of Agricultural Poisons

Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th Edition - K.S. Narayana Reddy

Position in the Overall Classification of Poisons

Agricultural poisons appear in two places within Narayana Reddy's classification scheme:
1. Under Irritant Poisons (Symptomatic Classification)
Poisons classified by chief symptoms produced:
ClassSub-types
(I) CorrosivesStrong acids (mineral + organic), Strong alkalis, Metallic salts
(II) Irritants(1) Agricultural
(III) SystemicCerebral, Spinal, Peripheral, Cardiovascular, Asphyxiants, Genito-urinary
(IV) MiscellaneousFood poisoning/botulism, Hydrocarbons, Agrochemical poisons, Domestic poisons
Agricultural poisons are listed as the first sub-category under Irritant Poisons (II).

Detailed Classification of Agricultural (Agrochemical) Poisons

According to Narayana Reddy, agricultural poisons are classified as follows:

A. Insecticides

(1) Inorganic Insecticides
  • Arsenic compounds (lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, Paris green)
  • Fluorides (sodium fluoride, cryolite)
(2) Botanical (Natural Organic) Insecticides
  • Nicotine (from tobacco - Nicotiana tabacum)
  • Pyrethrum (from chrysanthemum flowers)
  • Rotenone / Derris
  • Ryania
(3) Synthetic Organic Chemical Insecticides - divided into:
Sub-groupExamples
Phosphate esters (Organophosphorus)Parathion, Malathion, TEPP, HETP, OMPA, Methyl-parathion, Diazinon
CarbamatesCarbaryl (Sevin), Aldicarb
Chlorinated hydrocarbonsDDT, BHC/Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Chlordane, Heptachlor, Toxaphene

B. Organophosphorus Compounds (most important group)

They form two series - Alkyl phosphates and Aryl phosphates:
Alkyl PhosphatesAryl Phosphates
HETPParathion (Folldol, Kill-phos, Ekato)
TEPP (Tetron)Paraoxon
OMPAMethyl-parathion (Metacide)
DimefoxChlorthion
IsopestoxDiazinon (Tik-20)
Malathion (Kill bug, Bugsolline)
Sulfotepp
Demeton
Trichlorfon

C. Weedicides / Herbicides

  • Bipyridyl compounds: Paraquat (most important), Diquat
  • Chlorophenoxy compounds (2,4-D, 2,4,5-T)

D. Rodenticides (Rat Poisons)

  • Phosphides: Aluminum phosphide (commonest cause of intentional poisoning in North India since 1985), Zinc phosphide
  • Strychnine (Strychnos nux-vomica)
  • Warfarin (anticoagulant rodenticide)
  • Red squill
  • Thallium sulfate
  • Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)
  • Barium carbonate
  • Norbormide
  • Arsenious oxide

E. Fumigants

  • Aluminum phosphide (also used as fumigant)
  • Methyl bromide
  • Hydrogen cyanide

F. Fungicides

  • Copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture)
  • Organotin compounds
  • Dithiocarbamates

Summary as Agrochemical Poisons (Miscellaneous Category IV-C)

Narayana Reddy explicitly lists under Agrochemical Poisons:
  • Organophosphorus compounds
  • Carbamates
  • Paraquat
  • Zinc phosphide
  • Aluminum phosphide
  • Strychnine

Epidemiological Note (Narayana Reddy)

Organophosphorus compounds are the commonest cause of accidental and suicidal poisoning in India. Since 1985, aluminum phosphide poisoning has been reported as the commonest cause of intentional poisoning in northern India (Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan), predominantly in females in the second and third decades.
  • The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th ed., K.S. Narayana Reddy, pp. 474-476, 493+
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