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Practical C7 1 Anemia
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- Patient Preparation: No strict fasting needed; avoid strenuous exercise; mention medications.
- Sample Collection: 3–5 mL venous blood in EDTA (purple top) tube; mix gently; process within 4–6 hrs.
- Type of Investigation: Quantitative - automated hematology analyzer (electrical impedance + flow cytometry).
- Indication: Evaluate fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath; diagnose and classify anemia.
- Interpretation: Table with all parameters (RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) - normal values + what low/high means. For this case (ABC, 45 yrs) → Low Hb, low MCV, low MCH, low MCHC, high RDW = Iron Deficiency Anemia.
- Patient Preparation: No special prep; fresh blood preferred.
- Sample Collection: EDTA tube or direct finger-prick; stained with Leishman/Wright-Giemsa stain.
- Type of Investigation: Morphological - manual microscopy.
- Indication: Classify anemia, detect abnormal cells, identify parasites, evaluate WBCs.
- Interpretation: Table of findings (microcytic hypochromic cells, target cells, spherocytes, etc.) with their significance. For this case → microcytic hypochromic RBCs with pencil cells = IDA.
Generate a comparison poster: Iron Deficiency vs Megaloblastic Anemia
Medical comparison poster: Iron Deficiency Anemia vs Megaloblastic Anemia. Two-column layout side by side. Left column in red/orange theme for Iron Deficiency Anemia, right column in blue/purple theme for Megaloblastic Anemia. Bold title at top: "Anemia Comparison: Iron Deficiency vs Megaloblastic". Each column has clearly labeled sections: Cause, Symptoms, Blood Film (PBS) findings, CBC findings, Treatment. Include small icons or visual cues. Clean professional medical education poster style with white background, colored header bars for each column, organized rows for each category. Footer note: "Roga Nidan Evam Vikriti Vigyan"
| Feature | Iron Deficiency Anemia | Megaloblastic Anemia |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Low iron (poor diet, blood loss, malabsorption) | Low B12 or Folate |
| MCV | Low (microcytic) | High (macrocytic) |
| RBC shape on PBS | Microcytic, hypochromic, pencil cells | Oval macrocytes, hypersegmented neutrophils |
| MCH / MCHC | Both low | Normal or high |
| RDW | High | High |
| Serum Iron | Low | Normal |
| Ferritin | Low | Normal |
| B12 / Folate | Normal | Low |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, koilonychia, pica | Fatigue, pallor, glossitis, neurological signs (B12) |
| Treatment | Oral iron (ferrous sulphate) | B12 injection / oral folate |