"Suturing" and "stitches" refer to the same thing, but they are not interchangeable in register — one is the clinical/technical term, the other is the lay term.
Suturing is the accurate medical term. It refers to the procedure of closing a wound, incision, or surgical site using a needle and thread (suture material). "Suture" is also the correct term for the actual strand of material (e.g., nylon, polypropylene, catgut, Vicryl) used to approximate tissue edges.
Stitches is the common/lay term used by patients and in everyday speech to describe the same thing — both the individual loops of suture material placed in the skin and the act of placing them ("getting stitches").
So in a clinical, academic, or documentation context (charts, textbooks, procedure notes), "suturing" and "suture" are the terms you should use. "Stitches" is acceptable in patient-facing conversation but is considered informal/lay terminology, not the precise clinical term.
A quick note on internal consistency of usage:
The verb/procedure = "suturing" (e.g., "the laceration was closed with simple interrupted suturing")
The material/thread = "suture" (e.g., "4-0 nylon suture was used")
The visible closure points = colloquially called "stitches," technically called "sutures" (e.g., "the sutures were removed on day 7")
If you're writing for a medical/academic audience, use "suturing"/"suture." If you're explaining to a patient, "stitches" is fine and more relatable.
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