Pictorial representation of patau and edward for neet pg

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I now have all the images I need. I can see that the two Robbins diagrams showing labeled Edwards syndrome features are very similar (from Robbins Basic Pathology and Robbins Cotran). Let me now compile a comprehensive, well-illustrated answer for NEET PG.

Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13) & Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18) - NEET PG

EDWARDS SYNDROME - Trisomy 18

Karyotype: 47,XX,+18 (trisomy type) | 46,XX/47,XX,+18 (mosaic) Incidence: 1 in 8,000 births | Prognosis: 85% lost between 10 weeks and term; born-alive babies usually die by 2 months; ~5% live beyond 1 year

Annotated Diagram (Robbins Pathology)

Edwards Syndrome - Trisomy 18 - annotated diagram showing prominent occiput, intellectual disability, micrognathia, low set ears, short neck, overlapping fingers, congenital heart defects, renal malformations, limited hip abduction, rocker-bottom feet

Fig. 4.19 - Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology: Clinical features of Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)

Clinical Photo (Langman's Medical Embryology)

Trisomy 18 newborn - note low-set ears, small mouth, micrognathia, flexion of hands

FIGURE 2.10 - Langman's: Child with trisomy 18. Note low-set ears, small mouth, micrognathia, flexion of the hands.

Key Features to Remember (NEET PG High-Yield)

Feature	Detail
Head	Microcephaly, prominent occiput
Face	Micrognathia, low-set ears
Hands	Clenched fists with overlapping fingers (index over 3rd, 5th over 4th) - classic!
Feet	Rocker-bottom feet
Heart	Congenital heart defects (>90%) - VSD most common
Renal	Renal malformations, horseshoe kidney
Other	Limited hip abduction, hypotonia

NEET PG Mnemonic for Trisomy 18: "18-Wheeler (truck) ROCKS on rocker-bottom feet with CLENCHED fists" - Rocker-bottom feet + overlapping/clenched fingers are the two most tested features.

PATAU SYNDROME - Trisomy 13

Karyotype: 47,XX,+13 (trisomy) | 46,XX,+13,der(13;14)(q10;q10) (Robertsonian translocation - ~10% of cases) | 46,XX/47,XX,+13 (mosaic) Incidence: 1 in 15,000-20,000 live births | Prognosis: >90% die within the first month; ~5% live beyond 1 year

Annotated Diagram (Robbins Pathology)

Patau Syndrome - Trisomy 13 - annotated diagram showing microcephaly, intellectual disability, microphthalmia, polydactyly, cleft lip and palate, cardiac defects, umbilical hernia, renal defects, rocker-bottom feet

Fig. 5.22 - Robbins Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease: Clinical features of Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

Clinical Photo - Facial Features (Langman's Medical Embryology)

Trisomy 13 - child showing bilateral cleft lip, sloping forehead, anophthalmia

FIGURE 2.11 - Langman's: Child with trisomy 13 showing bilateral cleft lip, sloping forehead, and anophthalmia.

Key Features to Remember (NEET PG High-Yield)

Feature	Detail
Brain	Holoprosencephaly (failure of forebrain to divide) - pathognomonic
Eyes	Microphthalmia / anophthalmia / coloboma
Face	Cleft lip + palate (bilateral, severe), broad/flat nose, sloping forehead
Hands	Postaxial polydactyly (extra fingers on ulnar/little finger side)
Scalp	Cutis aplasia (scalp defect) - unique to Patau
Heart	Cardiac defects (>90%)
Abdomen	Umbilical hernia / exomphalos
Renal	Renal defects (polycystic kidneys)
Hearing	Deafness

NEET PG Mnemonic for Trisomy 13: "13 is unlucky - POLYDACTYLY, HOLOPROSENCEPHALY, CLEFT LIP" - The triad of holoprosencephaly + cleft lip/palate + postaxial polydactyly is classic for Trisomy 13.

Quick Comparison Table - NEET PG High-Yield

Feature	Trisomy 18 (Edwards)	Trisomy 13 (Patau)
Chromosome	+18	+13
Incidence	1 in 8,000	1 in 15,000-20,000
Brain defect	Microcephaly	Holoprosencephaly
Eye defect	-	Micro/anophthalmia, coloboma
Face	Micrognathia, low-set ears	Cleft lip + palate, broad nose
Hands	Clenched/overlapping fingers	Postaxial polydactyly
Feet	Rocker-bottom feet	Rocker-bottom feet (both)
Scalp	-	Cutis aplasia
Cardiac	>90%	>90%
Renal	Horseshoe/malformed	Polycystic
Prognosis	Die by 2 months (mostly)	Die within 1 month (mostly)
Robertsonian translocation	No	Yes (10% of cases, chr 13;14)
Maternal age effect	Yes	Yes

Sources: Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology (Fig. 4.19), Robbins Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (Fig. 5.22), Langman's Medical Embryology (Figs. 2.10, 2.11), Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics and Genomics.

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