Give a 40 minutes for theory exam in PSM for third MBBS level. The answer should be pinned to point and grips important points, no extra information. Give answer based on all available standard resources and remember that the answer should be an examiner pleaser, not so examiner can see the important points easily and highlight important points and all, make a structure so it will be easy for examiner to scan the answers easily and also important point and answer should be writable in a 10 to 12 minutes assuming the speed of writing is moderate. The first topic is human development index.
human development index PSM community medicine third MBBS exam answer
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
DEFINITION
HDI = A composite index measuring achievement in 3 basic dimensions of human development:
| Dimension | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Long & healthy life | Life expectancy at birth |
| Ability to acquire knowledge | Mean years of schooling + Expected years of schooling |
| Decent standard of living | GNI per capita (PPP US $) |
KEY CONCEPT
- HDI value ranges 0 to 1
- More comprehensive than per capita income alone
- Income = means to development, NOT an end
STEPS TO CALCULATE HDI
Step 1 - Create Dimension Indices (Goalposts)
Dimension Index = (Actual value - Minimum) / (Maximum - Minimum)
| Dimension | Maximum | Minimum |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 83.2 years | 20 years |
| Mean years of schooling | 13.2 years | 0 |
| Expected years of schooling | 20.6 years | 0 |
| GNI per capita (PPP $) | 1,08,211 | 163 |
Step 2 - Aggregate Subindices
HDI = Geometric mean of three dimension indices: HDI = (I_Life)^1/3 × (I_Education)^1/3 × (I_Income)^1/3
- Education index = geometric mean of the two education subindices
CLASSIFICATION (HDI Values)
| Category | HDI Value |
|---|---|
| Very High HDI | > 0.800 |
| High HDI | 0.700 - 0.799 |
| Medium HDI | 0.550 - 0.699 |
| Low HDI | < 0.550 |
INDIA - HDI (2018 data)
- India = Medium HDI category
- Rank = 129
- Top countries: Norway, Ireland, Switzerland
- Bottom: Niger, Central African Republic
IMPORTANT POINTS (Quick Recall)
- Introduced by UNDP in 1990 (Mahbub ul Haq / Amartya Sen)
- Published annually in Human Development Report
- HDI ≠ GDP - two countries with similar income can have very different HDI
- Three dimensions = Health + Education + Income
- Geometric mean used (not arithmetic) - penalizes imbalances between dimensions
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine, 26th Edition, pp. 22-23
Use daigrams flow chart and mind maps given in standard reference book or create better one with yourself