MBBS microbiology practical exam spotting viva questions important 2025

ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null || mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/microbio-pdf && python3 -c "from reportlab.lib …

~/microbio-pdf/generate_culture_media_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle, Paragraph,
    Spacer, HRFlowable
)
from reportlab.lib.styles import ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.platypus import KeepTogether

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/microbio-pdf/Culture_Media_Quick_Reference.pdf"

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    topMargin=1.2*cm,
    bottomMargin=1.0*cm,
    leftMargin=1.2*cm,
    rightMargin=1.2*cm,
)

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_HEADER_BG   = colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")   # deep navy
C_HEADER_TXT  = colors.white
C_TITLE_BG    = colors.HexColor("#2e86ab")   # steel blue
C_ENRICH_BG   = colors.HexColor("#e8f4f8")   # light blue
C_SELECT_BG   = colors.HexColor("#fff3cd")   # amber
C_DIFF_BG     = colors.HexColor("#d4edda")   # green
C_SPEC_BG     = colors.HexColor("#f8d7da")   # pink/red
C_TRANS_BG    = colors.HexColor("#e2d9f3")   # lavender
C_ROW_ALT     = colors.HexColor("#f4f9fc")
C_HEMO_BG     = colors.HexColor("#fff0e6")   # peach
C_BORDER      = colors.HexColor("#2e86ab")
C_MNEM_BG     = colors.HexColor("#fffbcc")   # pale yellow

# ── Styles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def S(name, **kw):
    defaults = dict(fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8, leading=10, textColor=colors.black)
    defaults.update(kw)
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **defaults)

s_maintitle = S("maintitle", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=16,
                textColor=C_HEADER_TXT, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=20)
s_subtitle   = S("subtitle", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9,
                 textColor=C_HEADER_TXT, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12)
s_sec        = S("sec", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9,
                 textColor=C_HEADER_TXT, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12)
s_cell       = S("cell", fontSize=7.5, leading=10)
s_cellb      = S("cellb", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5, leading=10)
s_organism   = S("organism", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=7.5, leading=10,
                 textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"))
s_mnem       = S("mnem", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5, leading=10,
                 textColor=colors.HexColor("#5c3a00"))
s_mnemb      = S("mnemb", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5, leading=10,
                 textColor=colors.HexColor("#5c3a00"))
s_footer     = S("footer", fontSize=7, textColor=colors.grey, alignment=TA_CENTER)

W = A4[0] - 2.4*cm   # usable width

def section_header(text, bg=C_TITLE_BG):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(text, s_sec)]], colWidths=[W])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ]))
    return tbl

def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths, row_colors=None):
    data = [[Paragraph(h, s_cellb) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        data.append([Paragraph(str(c), s_cell) for c in row])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths)
    style = [
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), C_HEADER_BG),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0,0), (-1,0), C_HEADER_TXT),
        ("FONTNAME",      (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("FONTSIZE",      (0,0), (-1,-1), 7.5),
        ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#bbbbbb")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1),
         row_colors if row_colors else [colors.white, C_ROW_ALT]),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style))
    return t

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []

# ── TITLE BANNER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
banner_data = [[
    Paragraph("🧫  MICROBIOLOGY CULTURE MEDIA", s_maintitle),
    Paragraph("Quick Reference Card  |  MBBS Practical Exam", s_subtitle),
]]
banner = Table(banner_data, colWidths=[W])
banner.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), C_HEADER_BG),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ("SPAN",          (0,0), (-1,-1)),
]))
story.append(banner)
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 1 – CLASSIFICATION
story.append(section_header("CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE MEDIA"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

class_headers = ["TYPE", "DEFINITION", "KEY EXAMPLES"]
class_rows = [
    ["Enriched /\nNon-selective",
     "Support growth of MOST organisms; no inhibitory agents",
     "Blood Agar, Chocolate Agar, Nutrient Agar, Thioglycolate Broth"],
    ["Selective",
     "Inhibit unwanted organisms; allow target to grow",
     "MacConkey, TCBS, Mannitol Salt, LJ, Cetrimide, Wilson-Blair"],
    ["Differential",
     "Distinguish organisms by colony colour/reaction",
     "MacConkey (lactose), Blood Agar (hemolysis), XLD, CHROMagar"],
    ["Enrichment Broth",
     "Liquid; enhance growth of target while suppressing others",
     "Selenite F (Salmonella), Alkaline Peptone Water (Vibrio)"],
    ["Transport",
     "Maintain viability during transport; no multiplication",
     "Cary-Blair, Stuart's, Pike's, Alkaline Peptone Water"],
    ["Specialized",
     "For fastidious / difficult-to-grow organisms",
     "BCYE (Legionella), Bordet-Gengou (Bordetella), Cystine-Tellurite"],
]
story.append(make_table(class_headers, class_rows,
    [2.8*cm, 6.5*cm, 8.0*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 2 – MEDIA vs ORGANISM TABLE (the core of the card)
story.append(section_header("CULTURE MEDIA → ORGANISMS QUICK LOOKUP"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

mo_headers = ["MEDIUM", "TYPE", "ORGANISM(S) GROWN", "COLONY APPEARANCE / KEY FEATURE"]
mo_rows = [
    ["Blood Agar (BA)",
     "Enriched",
     "Most bacteria & fungi",
     "α-hemolysis=green; β-hemolysis=clear; γ=no lysis"],
    ["Chocolate Agar",
     "Enriched",
     "Haemophilus influenzae\nNeisseria gonorrhoeae",
     "Releases factors X & V on heating; grey-brown colour"],
    ["Nutrient Agar (NA)",
     "Basic/Universal",
     "Non-fastidious bacteria",
     "White/cream colonies; no blood or special additions"],
    ["Mueller-Hinton Agar",
     "Enriched",
     "Antibiotic sensitivity testing",
     "Standard medium per CLSI/EUCAST for disk diffusion"],
    ["Sabouraud's Dextrose\nAgar (SDA)",
     "Selective (fungi)",
     "Candida, Aspergillus,\ndermatophytes",
     "pH 5.6; creamy/fluffy colonies; cycloheximide added"],
    ["Thioglycolate Broth",
     "Enriched (anaerobic)",
     "Anaerobes + aerobes",
     "Oxygen gradient; pink dye at top = aerobic zone"],
    ["MacConkey Agar",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Gram-negative bacteria",
     "Pink=lactose+ve (E. coli); Pale/colorless=lactose-ve (Salmonella, Shigella)"],
    ["Mannitol Salt Agar\n(MSA)",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Staphylococci",
     "7.5% NaCl; Yellow=S. aureus (mannitol+); Pink/Red=CONS"],
    ["XLD Agar",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Salmonella & Shigella",
     "Black+halo=Salmonella (H₂S); Red=Shigella; Yellow=coliforms"],
    ["TCBS Agar",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Vibrio species",
     "Yellow=V. cholerae (sucrose+); Blue-green=V. parahaemolyticus"],
    ["Wilson-Blair / BSA",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Salmonella typhi",
     "Black metallic sheen colonies (H₂S + Fe²⁺ → FeS)"],
    ["CLED Agar",
     "Selective + Differential",
     "Urinary pathogens",
     "Inhibits Proteus swarming; lactose fermenters = yellow"],
    ["Cetrimide Agar",
     "Selective",
     "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
     "Fluorescent green pigment (pyocyanin); fruity smell"],
    ["LJ Medium\n(Lowenstein-Jensen)",
     "Selective",
     "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
     "Rough, buff/cream colonies; 4-8 weeks growth"],
    ["Middlebrook 7H10/11",
     "Selective",
     "Mycobacteria (faster)",
     "Agar-based; faster than LJ; used with OADC supplement"],
    ["Bordet-Gengou Agar",
     "Specialized",
     "Bordetella pertussis",
     "Mercury-drop colonies; 50% blood content"],
    ["Regan-Lowe Agar",
     "Specialized",
     "Bordetella pertussis",
     "Improved variant; charcoal replaces blood"],
    ["BCYE Agar",
     "Specialized",
     "Legionella pneumophila\nNocardia",
     "Requires L-cysteine + iron; ground-glass colonies"],
    ["Cystine-Tellurite Agar",
     "Specialized",
     "Corynebacterium diphtheriae",
     "Black/grey colonies due to tellurite reduction"],
    ["Selenite F Broth",
     "Enrichment",
     "Salmonella (in stool)",
     "Liquid; used as primary enrichment before XLD plating"],
    ["Alkaline Peptone Water\n(APW)",
     "Enrichment / Transport",
     "Vibrio cholerae",
     "pH 8.6 favours Vibrio; 6-8 hrs incubation before TCBS"],
]
story.append(make_table(mo_headers, mo_rows,
    [3.4*cm, 2.5*cm, 3.6*cm, 7.8*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 3 – BLOOD AGAR HEMOLYSIS + ORGANISMS (side by side)
story.append(section_header("BLOOD AGAR HEMOLYSIS PATTERNS"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

hemo_headers = ["TYPE", "APPEARANCE", "ZONE", "ORGANISMS"]
hemo_rows = [
    ["Alpha (α)",  "Greenish partial lysis",  "Incomplete, green",  "S. viridans, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae"],
    ["Beta (β)",   "Complete clear zone",     "Complete, colourless",  "S. pyogenes (Grp A), S. aureus, S. agalactiae (Grp B)"],
    ["Gamma (γ)",  "No hemolysis",            "None",               "Enterococcus faecalis, S. bovis"],
]
story.append(make_table(hemo_headers, hemo_rows,
    [2.0*cm, 4.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 7.3*cm],
    row_colors=[C_ENRICH_BG, C_DIFF_BG, C_SELECT_BG]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 4 – MNEMONICS + VIVA TIPS (2-column layout)
story.append(section_header("MNEMONICS & HIGH-YIELD VIVA POINTS"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

mnem_data = [
    ["🔬  MNEMONICS", "⚡  VIVA QUICK ANSWERS"],
    [
        Paragraph(
            "<b>\"Chocolate for the Hungry Neisseria\"</b><br/>"
            "→ Chocolate agar for <i>H. influenzae</i> &amp; <i>Neisseria</i> (need X &amp; V factors)<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"Mac is Negative, Pink is Positive\"</b><br/>"
            "→ MacConkey: pink = lactose fermenter (E. coli)<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"Salmonella goes Black on XLD\"</b><br/>"
            "→ Black due to H₂S + ferric ammonium citrate → FeS<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"Salt loves Staph\"</b><br/>"
            "→ 7.5% NaCl in MSA selects Staphylococcus only<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"LJ = Lengthy Journey\"</b><br/>"
            "→ M. tuberculosis takes 4–8 weeks on LJ medium<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"BCYE = Bacteria Crave Your Extra nutrition\"</b><br/>"
            "→ Legionella needs L-cysteine + iron to grow<br/><br/>"
            "<b>\"Yellow Vibrio on TCBS\"</b><br/>"
            "→ V. cholerae = yellow (sucrose+); V. parahaemolyticus = blue-green",
            s_mnem),
        Paragraph(
            "<b>Q: Medium for antibiotic sensitivity testing?</b><br/>"
            "→ Mueller-Hinton Agar (CLSI standard)<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: Medium for blood culture (enrichment)?</b><br/>"
            "→ BHI broth or Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB)<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: Significant bacteriuria?</b><br/>"
            "→ ≥10⁵ CFU/mL (Kass criteria), CLED agar used<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: Why is SDA used for fungi?</b><br/>"
            "→ Low pH (5.6) + antibiotics suppress bacteria<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: What is a transport medium?</b><br/>"
            "→ Maintains viability without allowing growth<br/>"
            "→ Examples: Cary-Blair (stool), Stuart's (swabs)<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: Why is MacConkey selective for Gram-negatives?</b><br/>"
            "→ Bile salts + crystal violet inhibit Gram-positive organisms<br/><br/>"
            "<b>Q: Which medium prevents Proteus swarming?</b><br/>"
            "→ CLED agar (lacks electrolytes needed for swarming)",
            s_mnem),
    ]
]
mnem_tbl = Table(mnem_data, colWidths=[W/2 - 2, W/2 - 2])
mnem_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), C_HEADER_BG),
    ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0,0), (-1,0), C_HEADER_TXT),
    ("FONTNAME",      (0,0), (-1,0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
    ("FONTSIZE",      (0,0), (-1,0), 8),
    ("ALIGN",         (0,0), (-1,0), "CENTER"),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,1), (0,1), C_MNEM_BG),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (1,1), (1,1), C_ENRICH_BG),
    ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#cccccc")),
    ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
]))
story.append(mnem_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── FOOTER ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=0.5, color=C_BORDER))
story.append(Spacer(1, 2))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Sources: Medical Microbiology 9e (Murray) · Sherris &amp; Ryan's Medical Microbiology 8e · Jawetz, Melnick &amp; Adelberg's Medical Microbiology 28e  |  For MBBS Practical Exam Preparation",
    s_footer))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF written → {OUTPUT}")

python3 /home/daytona/workspace/microbio-pdf/generate_culture_media_pdf.py