NEET MDS Complete Preparation Guide (Starting from Zero)

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    PageBreak, HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import BaseDocTemplate, Frame, PageTemplate

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/neet-mds-classifications/NEET_MDS_Classifications.pdf"

# ── Color Palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C_DARK_BLUE   = colors.HexColor("#1A237E")
C_MED_BLUE    = colors.HexColor("#283593")
C_ACCENT      = colors.HexColor("#0D47A1")
C_LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#E3F2FD")
C_HEADER_BG   = colors.HexColor("#1565C0")
C_ROW_ALT     = colors.HexColor("#F0F4FF")
C_ROW_WHITE   = colors.white
C_GOLD        = colors.HexColor("#F9A825")
C_TEXT        = colors.HexColor("#1A1A2E")
C_SUBJ_BG     = colors.HexColor("#E8EAF6")
C_SUBJ_TEXT   = colors.HexColor("#1A237E")
C_NOTE_BG     = colors.HexColor("#FFF8E1")

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def sty(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

TITLE_STYLE = sty("DocTitle",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=26, textColor=colors.white,
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4)

SUBTITLE_STYLE = sty("DocSub",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=13, textColor=colors.HexColor("#BBDEFB"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)

SECTION_STYLE = sty("Section",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=15, textColor=C_DARK_BLUE,
    spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=6, borderPad=4)

SUBJ_HEADER_STYLE = sty("SubjHeader",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=11, textColor=C_SUBJ_TEXT,
    alignment=TA_CENTER)

BODY_STYLE = sty("Body",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9, textColor=C_TEXT,
    leading=13)

NOTE_STYLE = sty("Note",
    fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.HexColor("#5D4037"),
    leading=11)

TH_STYLE = sty("TH",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white,
    alignment=TA_CENTER)

TD_STYLE = sty("TD",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_TEXT, leading=12)

TD_BOLD = sty("TDB",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8.5, textColor=C_TEXT, leading=12)

PAGE_NUM_STYLE = sty("PN",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.HexColor("#78909C"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER)

# ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def th(text):
    return Paragraph(text, TH_STYLE)

def td(text, bold=False):
    return Paragraph(str(text), TD_BOLD if bold else TD_STYLE)

def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths=None, zebra=True):
    data = [[th(h) for h in headers]] + [
        [td(c, bold=(i == 0)) for i, c in enumerate(r)] for r in rows
    ]
    ts = TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0),  C_HEADER_BG),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",     (0,0), (-1,0),  colors.white),
        ("ALIGN",         (0,0), (-1,-1), "LEFT"),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
        ("FONTNAME",      (0,0), (-1,0),  "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("FONTSIZE",      (0,0), (-1,0),  9),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [C_ROW_WHITE, C_ROW_ALT] if zebra else [C_ROW_WHITE]),
        ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CFD8DC")),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,0), (-1,0),  [C_HEADER_BG]),
    ])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    t.setStyle(ts)
    return t

def section_title(text, color=C_DARK_BLUE):
    return Paragraph(f'<font color="{color.hexval()}">{text}</font>', SECTION_STYLE)

def subject_box(subj_name, color=C_SUBJ_BG):
    data = [[Paragraph(f"<b>{subj_name}</b>", SUBJ_HEADER_STYLE)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[16.5*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0,0), (-1,-1), C_SUBJ_BG),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,0),(-1,-1), [C_SUBJ_BG]),
        ("BOX",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.2, C_DARK_BLUE),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ]))
    return t

def note(text):
    return Paragraph(f"<b>Note:</b> {text}", NOTE_STYLE)

def sp(h=0.2):
    return Spacer(1, h*cm)

# ── Page Templates ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def cover_page(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    W, H = A4
    # gradient-like background
    canvas.setFillColor(C_DARK_BLUE)
    canvas.rect(0, 0, W, H, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # gold accent bar
    canvas.setFillColor(C_GOLD)
    canvas.rect(0, H*0.82, W, 6, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.rect(0, H*0.18, W, 6, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # decorative circles
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#283593"))
    canvas.circle(W*0.9, H*0.85, 60, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.circle(W*0.1, H*0.15, 40, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.restoreState()

def later_page(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    W, H = A4
    # top bar
    canvas.setFillColor(C_HEADER_BG)
    canvas.rect(0, H-1.1*cm, W, 1.1*cm, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.setFillColor(C_GOLD)
    canvas.rect(0, H-1.15*cm, W, 0.15*cm, fill=1, stroke=0)
    # header text
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.white)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica-Bold", 9)
    canvas.drawString(1.5*cm, H-0.75*cm, "NEET MDS - Complete Classification Charts")
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.drawRightString(W-1.5*cm, H-0.75*cm, "For Revision Use Only")
    # bottom bar
    canvas.setFillColor(C_HEADER_BG)
    canvas.rect(0, 0, W, 0.9*cm, fill=1, stroke=0)
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.white)
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.drawCentredString(W/2, 0.3*cm, f"Page {doc.page}")
    canvas.restoreState()

# ── Content Builder ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def build_content():
    elems = []

    # ─ COVER ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [
        Spacer(1, 5.5*cm),
        Paragraph("NEET MDS", sty("CT1", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=44,
                  textColor=C_GOLD, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Spacer(1, 0.3*cm),
        Paragraph("Complete Classification Charts", sty("CT2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                  fontSize=22, textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Spacer(1, 0.5*cm),
        Paragraph("High-Yield Revision Guide · All Subjects", sty("CT3",
                  fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=14,
                  textColor=colors.HexColor("#90CAF9"), alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Spacer(1, 1.5*cm),
        Paragraph("Covers: Oral Pathology · Oral Surgery · Dental Materials · Orthodontics",
                  sty("CT4", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11,
                  textColor=colors.HexColor("#B0BEC5"), alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Paragraph("Periodontics · Prosthodontics · Conservative & Endo · Pedodontics",
                  sty("CT5", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11,
                  textColor=colors.HexColor("#B0BEC5"), alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Paragraph("Pharmacology · Radiology · Public Health Dentistry · Anatomy",
                  sty("CT6", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=11,
                  textColor=colors.HexColor("#B0BEC5"), alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Spacer(1, 2.5*cm),
        Paragraph("Prepared for NEET MDS 2026", sty("CT7", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                  fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor("#78909C"), alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        PageBreak(),
    ]

    # ─ 1. ORAL PATHOLOGY ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("1. ORAL PATHOLOGY"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("1.1 Classification of Odontogenic Cysts")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Category", "Type", "Key Feature"],
        [
            ["Developmental", "Dentigerous (Follicular) Cyst", "Encloses crown of unerupted tooth; 2nd most common OD cyst"],
            ["Developmental", "Eruption Cyst", "Soft tissue variant of dentigerous cyst"],
            ["Developmental", "Primordial Cyst (OKC)", "Arises from enamel organ before tooth formation; high recurrence"],
            ["Developmental", "Lateral Periodontal Cyst", "Alongside root; botryoid variant is multilocular"],
            ["Developmental", "Gingival Cyst of Adults", "Soft tissue; bluish papule on gingiva"],
            ["Developmental", "Gingival Cyst of Newborn (Epstein pearls)", "Multiple white nodules on alveolar ridge"],
            ["Developmental", "Glandular Odontogenic Cyst", "Rare; mucous cells lining; high recurrence"],
            ["Inflammatory", "Periapical (Radicular) Cyst", "Most common cyst in jaw; follows periapical granuloma"],
            ["Inflammatory", "Residual Cyst", "Periapical cyst remaining after extraction"],
            ["Inflammatory", "Paradental / Lateral Radicular Cyst", "Related to lateral accessory root canal"],
            ["Inflammatory", "Buccal Bifurcation Cyst", "Lower first molar; buccal tipping of crown"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 6*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("1.2 WHO Classification of Odontogenic Tumours (2022)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Origin", "Tumour", "Key Feature"],
        [
            ["Epithelial", "Ameloblastoma", "Most common OD tumour; multicystic, soap-bubble; locally aggressive"],
            ["Epithelial", "Squamous Odontogenic Tumour", "Rare; islands of squamous epithelium"],
            ["Epithelial", "Calcifying Epithelial OD Tumour (CEOT / Pindborg)", "Liesegang rings; amyloid deposits; driven snow X-ray"],
            ["Epithelial", "Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT)", "Two-thirds rule: ant maxilla, F>M, assoc. canine; 'FOC'"],
            ["Epithelial", "Keratocystic OD Tumour (OKC)", "Parakeratinised epithelium; daughter cysts; Gorlin syndrome"],
            ["Mixed (Epi+Mesen)", "Ameloblastic Fibroma", "Young patients; mixed radiolucent; no hard tissue"],
            ["Mixed (Epi+Mesen)", "Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma", "Contains dentin + enamel"],
            ["Mixed (Epi+Mesen)", "Odontoma (Compound)", "Toothlets; anterior maxilla; most common OD tumour overall"],
            ["Mixed (Epi+Mesen)", "Odontoma (Complex)", "Amorphous calcification; posterior jaw"],
            ["Mesenchymal", "Odontogenic Fibroma", "Fibrous tissue with OD epithelium rests"],
            ["Mesenchymal", "Odontogenic Myxoma", "Tennis-racket / soap-bubble X-ray; gelatinous; locally aggressive"],
            ["Mesenchymal", "Cementoblastoma", "Fused to root apex of mandibular molar; sunburst pattern"],
            ["Malignant", "Ameloblastic Carcinoma", "Malignant ameloblastoma; metastasizes to lung"],
            ["Malignant", "Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma", "Arises in jaw de novo or from OD cyst"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3.5*cm, 5.5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("1.3 Classification of Bone Pathology in Jaws")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Condition", "Type", "Classic Radiographic Sign"],
        [
            ["Fibrous Dysplasia", "Monostotic / Polyostotic (McCune-Albright)", "Ground glass / orange peel appearance"],
            ["Cherubism", "Fibrous replacement of bone; bilateral", "Bilateral multilocular radiolucency; angel face"],
            ["Paget's Disease", "Osteitis deformans; elderly", "Cotton wool appearance; hypercementosis"],
            ["Ossifying Fibroma", "Benign fibroosseous lesion", "Mixed radiolucent-radiopaque; well-demarcated"],
            ["Central Giant Cell Granuloma", "Non-neoplastic; anterior mandible; F>M", "Multilocular; soap-bubble"],
            ["Aneurysmal Bone Cyst", "Blood-filled spaces; 2nd decade", "Soap-bubble; eggshell expansion"],
            ["Solitary Bone Cyst", "Simple/traumatic; empty; mandible body", "Scalloping between roots; no epithelial lining"],
            ["Osteosarcoma", "Most common primary bone malignancy", "Sun-ray/sunburst; Codman's triangle; widenened PDL"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("1.4 Classification of Vesiculobullous Lesions")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Level of Split", "Disease", "Key Diagnostic Feature"],
        [
            ["Intraepithelial (Suprabasal)", "Pemphigus Vulgaris", "Acantholysis; Tzanck cells; IgG intercellular; Nikolsky +ve"],
            ["Intraepithelial (Suprabasal)", "Pemphigus Vegetans", "Variant of PV with warty vegetations"],
            ["Intraepithelial (Spinous layer)", "Darier's Disease (Keratosis Follicularis)", "Corps ronds and grains"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP)", "IgG at BMZ; Nikolsky -ve; scarring"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Bullous Pemphigoid", "IgG + C3 at BMZ; elderly; skin more than oral"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Epidermolysis Bullosa", "Trauma-induced; hereditary; oral scarring"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Linear IgA Disease", "IgA at BMZ; dapsone responsive"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Erythema Multiforme", "Target lesions; lip crusting; herpes/drug triggered"],
            ["Subepithelial", "Dermatitis Herpetiformis", "IgA at dermal papillae; gluten-sensitive"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 5*cm, 7*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("1.5 Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours (WHO)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Type", "Tumour", "Key Feature"],
        [
            ["Benign", "Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed Tumour)", "Most common SG tumour; parotid; pseudocapsule; recurs"],
            ["Benign", "Monomorphic Adenoma", "Warthin's tumour (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)"],
            ["Benign", "Warthin's Tumour", "M>F; bilateral 10%; smokers; parotid; lymphoid stroma"],
            ["Benign", "Oncocytoma", "Oncocytes (mitochondria-rich pink cells)"],
            ["Malignant", "Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma", "Most common malignant SG tumour; mucous + epidermoid cells"],
            ["Malignant", "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma", "Cribriform (Swiss cheese) pattern; perineural invasion; slow"],
            ["Malignant", "Acinic Cell Carcinoma", "Serous acinar cells; parotid; good prognosis"],
            ["Malignant", "Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma", "Malignant transformation of PA; sudden growth increase"],
            ["Malignant", "Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma", "Minor SG; palate; cytological uniformity, morphological diversity"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 5.5*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("1.6 TNM Staging of Oral Cancer (AJCC 8th Ed.)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Stage", "Criteria"],
        [
            ["T1", "Tumor ≤2 cm, DOI ≤5 mm"],
            ["T2", "Tumor ≤2 cm, DOI >5 mm but ≤10 mm; OR tumor 2-4 cm, DOI ≤10 mm"],
            ["T3", "Tumor >4 cm; OR any tumor with DOI >10 mm"],
            ["T4a", "Moderately advanced: cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, skin"],
            ["T4b", "Very advanced: masticator space, pterygoid plates, skull base, carotid artery"],
            ["N0", "No regional lymph node metastasis"],
            ["N1", "Single ipsilateral node ≤3 cm, ENE-"],
            ["N2a", "Single ipsilateral node >3 cm but ≤6 cm, ENE-"],
            ["N2b", "Multiple ipsilateral nodes, none >6 cm, ENE-"],
            ["N2c", "Bilateral or contralateral nodes, none >6 cm, ENE-"],
            ["N3a", "Lymph node >6 cm, ENE-"],
            ["N3b", "Any node, ENE+"],
            ["M0/M1", "No distant metastasis / Distant metastasis present"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2.5*cm, 14*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 2. ORAL SURGERY ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("2. ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("2.1 Classification of Cleft Lip & Palate (Veau)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Veau Class", "Description"],
        [
            ["Class I",   "Cleft of soft palate only"],
            ["Class II",  "Cleft of soft and hard palate up to incisive foramen"],
            ["Class III", "Complete unilateral cleft of soft palate, hard palate, and lip (unilateral)"],
            ["Class IV",  "Complete bilateral cleft involving lip and palate bilaterally"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 13.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("2.2 Classification of Jaw Fractures")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Classification", "Types / Subtypes", "Notes"],
        [
            ["By Cause", "Direct / Indirect / Pathological", "Pathological = pre-existing disease"],
            ["By Skin/Mucosa", "Simple (Closed) / Compound (Open) / Comminuted", "Compound = communication with external/oral environment"],
            ["By Displacement", "Favorable / Unfavorable", "Muscle pull determines direction"],
            ["Rowe & Killey (Mandible)", "Without muscle attachment / With muscle attachment", "Classic surgical classification"],
            ["Lefort I", "Horizontal fracture above teeth", "Floating palate"],
            ["Lefort II", "Pyramidal fracture", "Floating maxilla"],
            ["Lefort III", "Craniofacial dysjunction", "Separation of facial bones from cranium"],
            ["Condylar (Lindqvist)", "Intracapsular / Subcondylar / Condylar neck", "Based on anatomical level"],
            ["Zygomatic (Knight & North)", "6 types; Type I-VI", "Based on displacement and comminution"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 6.5*cm, 6*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("2.3 Classification of Impacted Teeth (Pell & Gregory + Winter)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["System", "Class / Type", "Description"],
        [
            ["Pell & Gregory - Class", "Class I",   "Space between ant. border of ramus & distal of 2nd molar ≥ M-D width of 3rd molar"],
            ["Pell & Gregory - Class", "Class II",  "Space < M-D width of crown of 3rd molar"],
            ["Pell & Gregory - Class", "Class III", "3rd molar fully within ramus"],
            ["Pell & Gregory - Depth", "Position A", "Occlusal surface at or above occlusal plane of 2nd molar"],
            ["Pell & Gregory - Depth", "Position B", "Occlusal surface between occlusal plane and cervical line of 2nd molar"],
            ["Pell & Gregory - Depth", "Position C", "Occlusal surface below cervical line of 2nd molar"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Vertical",     "Most common; easiest to remove"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Horizontal",   "2nd most common; difficult"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Mesioangular", "Most common angulation overall; moderate difficulty"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Distoangular", "Most difficult; ramus limits access"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Transverse",   "Horizontal in buccolingual plane"],
            ["Winter's Classification", "Inverted",     "Crown pointing down; rare"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 8.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("2.4 Classification of Neck Dissection (AAO-HNS)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Type", "Lymph Node Levels Removed", "Structures Preserved"],
        [
            ["Radical Neck Dissection (RND)", "Levels I-V", "SCM, IJV, CN XI all removed"],
            ["Modified Radical (MRND)", "Levels I-V", "One or more of: SCM / IJV / CN XI preserved"],
            ["Selective Neck Dissection", "Selected levels based on primary site", "SCM, IJV, CN XI all preserved"],
            ["- Supraomohyoid", "Levels I, II, III", "Oral cavity primary"],
            ["- Posterolateral", "Levels II, III, IV, V", "Posterior scalp/neck primary"],
            ["- Lateral", "Levels II, III, IV", "Laryngeal/pharyngeal primary"],
            ["- Anterior Compartment", "Level VI", "Thyroid, subglottic primary"],
            ["Extended Neck Dissection", "Levels I-V + additional structures", "Removes structures not in standard RND"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5*cm, 5.5*cm, 6*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("2.5 Classification of Local Anaesthetics")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Agent", "Key Points"],
        [
            ["Ester (PABA derivatives)", "Procaine (Novocaine)", "First synthetic LA; hydrolysed by plasma pseudocholinesterase"],
            ["Ester", "Benzocaine", "Used only topically; poor water solubility"],
            ["Ester", "Tetracaine (Amethocaine)", "High potency; topical + spinal"],
            ["Amide", "Lidocaine (Lignocaine)", "Most widely used; gold standard; 2% with 1:80,000 adrenaline"],
            ["Amide", "Bupivacaine", "Longest acting; cardiotoxic; post-op pain control"],
            ["Amide", "Articaine", "Only amide with thiophene ring; crosses membranes well; popular in dentistry"],
            ["Amide", "Prilocaine", "Least vasodilatation; methemoglobinemia risk"],
            ["Amide", "Mepivacaine", "3% plain (no vasoconstrictor); good for hypertensive patients"],
            ["Amide", "Ropivacaine", "Less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine; long acting"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 4*cm, 8.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 3. DENTAL MATERIALS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("3. DENTAL MATERIALS"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("3.1 Classification of Dental Cements")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Cement", "Type", "Key Use / Property"],
        [
            ["Zinc Phosphate",      "Acid-Base reaction", "Oldest luting cement; exothermic; no adhesion; pulp protection needed"],
            ["Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)", "Chelation reaction", "Sedative; antifungal; inhibits composite polymerization"],
            ["Zinc Polycarboxylate", "Acid-Base + chelation", "First truly adhesive cement; bonds to tooth structure"],
            ["Glass Ionomer (GIC)", "Acid-Base reaction", "True adhesion; fluoride release; anticariogenic; moisture sensitive"],
            ["Resin-Modified GIC (RMGIC)", "Dual set: acid-base + light cure", "Better aesthetics; reduced moisture sensitivity"],
            ["Composite Resin Cement", "Free radical polymerization", "High strength; bonds porcelain/zirconia; needs etching + bonding"],
            ["Calcium Hydroxide", "Neutralisation", "Indirect/direct pulp capping; bactericidal; promotes secondary dentin"],
            ["MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate)", "Hydraulic setting", "Pulpotomy; apexification; root perforation repair; biocompatible"],
            ["Resin-based sealant", "Light-cured resin", "Pit & fissure sealant; flowable BIS-GMA resin"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3.5*cm, 9*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("3.2 Classification of Dental Impression Materials")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Category", "Material", "Key Property"],
        [
            ["Inelastic - Rigid", "Plaster of Paris", "Expansive setting; irreversible; accurate"],
            ["Inelastic - Rigid", "Zinc Oxide Eugenol Paste", "For edentulous; accurate; dimensionally stable"],
            ["Inelastic - Rigid", "Impression Compound (Composition)", "Thermoplastic; used for border molding; green stick"],
            ["Inelastic - Rigid", "Impression Wax", "Used in flasking; inaccurate for fine detail"],
            ["Inelastic - Non-rigid", "Impression Plaster",  "Mucostatic; breaks on removal from undercuts"],
            ["Elastic - Irreversible", "Alginate (Irreversible Hydrocolloid)", "Most commonly used; poured immediately; syneresis + imbibition"],
            ["Elastic - Reversible", "Agar (Reversible Hydrocolloid)", "Most accurate elastic; requires special trays; thermoreversible"],
            ["Elastic - Non-aqueous", "Polysulfide (Mercaptan)", "Longest working time; strong smell; excellent detail"],
            ["Elastic - Non-aqueous", "Polyether", "Stiff; most hydrophilic; accurate; single-phase possible"],
            ["Elastic - Non-aqueous", "Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS / Addition Silicone)", "Best dimensional stability; most popular for crown & bridge"],
            ["Elastic - Non-aqueous", "Condensation Silicone", "Less accurate than addition; shrinks on storage"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("3.3 Classification of Dental Alloys / Casting Alloys")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class (ADA)", "Gold Content", "Examples / Use"],
        [
            ["Type I (Soft)",         ">83% Au equivalent", "Inlays; minimal stress; Class I & II restorations"],
            ["Type II (Medium)",      ">78% Au equivalent", "Inlays & onlays; moderate stress"],
            ["Type III (Hard)",       ">78% Au equivalent", "Crowns, thin castings, clasps"],
            ["Type IV (Extra Hard)",  ">75% Au equivalent", "Partial denture frameworks; max strength needed"],
            ["Base Metal Alloys",     "Ni-Cr, Co-Cr", "Cheaper; harder; higher fusing temp; porcelain-fused-to-metal"],
            ["Titanium alloys",       "Pure Ti / Ti-6Al-4V", "Implants; excellent biocompatibility"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3.5*cm, 9*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("3.4 Classification of Dental Composites")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["By Filler Particle Size", "Type", "Use"],
        [
            ["Macrofilled (Traditional)", "Irregular quartz 8-12 µm", "High strength; poor polish; posterior use"],
            ["Microfilled",               "Colloidal silica 0.04 µm", "Excellent polish; anterior aesthetics; low strength"],
            ["Hybrid",                    "Mixed filler; 1-10 µm + microfill", "Good strength + aesthetics; most versatile"],
            ["Microhybrid",               "0.4-1.0 µm", "Most popular; good balance"],
            ["Nanofilled",                "5-100 nm particles", "Best polish + strength; universal use"],
            ["Nanohybrid",                "Nano + larger particles", "Universal restoration; current standard"],
            ["Flowable Composite",        "Low filler loading (~50%)", "Liners, pits & fissures, low-stress areas"],
            ["Packable (Condensable)",    "High filler loading (~80%)", "Posterior Class I & II; high viscosity"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5*cm, 5*cm, 6.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("3.5 Classification of Gypsum Products (ADA Spec. No. 25)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["ADA Type", "Name", "W:P Ratio", "Compressive Strength", "Use"],
        [
            ["Type I",   "Impression Plaster",       "0.60", "Low",        "Impressions (mucostatic)"],
            ["Type II",  "Model / Laboratory Plaster","0.45-0.50", "Moderate", "Diagnostic / study casts"],
            ["Type III", "Laboratory Stone (α-hemi)", "0.30", "High",       "Working casts"],
            ["Type IV",  "Die Stone (Improved)",      "0.22", "Very High",  "Die for crown & bridge"],
            ["Type V",   "High-Strength/Expansion Die Stone", "0.18", "Highest", "Precision dies, hi-strength"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2*cm, 5.5*cm, 2*cm, 3*cm, 4*cm]
    ), sp()]
    elems.append(note("α-hemihydrate (stone) = autoclave method; β-hemihydrate (plaster) = open boiling method"))

    elems += [section_title("3.6 Classification of Waxes in Dentistry")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Category", "Wax", "Use"],
        [
            ["Pattern Wax", "Inlay wax (Type I - hard; Type II - soft)", "Fabricating wax patterns for castings"],
            ["Pattern Wax", "Casting wax", "Partial denture frameworks"],
            ["Pattern Wax", "Baseplate wax", "Occlusal rims; record jaw relations"],
            ["Processing Wax", "Boxing wax", "Boxing impressions before pouring"],
            ["Processing Wax", "Sticky wax", "Temporary assembly of broken parts"],
            ["Processing Wax", "Utility wax", "Border molding; tray modification"],
            ["Impression Wax", "Corrective impression wax", "Wash impression of edentulous ridges"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3.5*cm, 5.5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 4. ORTHODONTICS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("4. ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("4.1 Angle's Classification of Malocclusion")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Molar Relation", "Description"],
        [
            ["Class I",       "Mesial buccal cusp of upper 6 in buccal groove of lower 6", "Normal AP relation; crowding / spacing issues"],
            ["Class II Div 1","Mesial buccal cusp of upper 6 anterior to buccal groove of lower 6 + proclined upper incisors", "Overjet increased; 'buck teeth'"],
            ["Class II Div 2","Same molar as Div 1 + retroclined upper centrals; laterals proclined", "Deep overbite; maxillary laterals overlap centrals"],
            ["Class II Div 2 Sub","Unilateral Class II Div 2", "One side Class II; other side Class I"],
            ["Class III",     "Mesial buccal cusp of upper 6 posterior to buccal groove of lower 6", "Anterior crossbite; mandibular prognathism"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 7*cm, 5.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("4.2 Skeletal (Jaw Relation) Classification")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "ANB Angle", "Description"],
        [
            ["Skeletal Class I",   "0°-4°", "Normal maxillomandibular relation"],
            ["Skeletal Class II",  ">4°",   "Maxillary prognathism or mandibular retrognathism"],
            ["Skeletal Class III", "<0°",   "Mandibular prognathism or maxillary retrognathism"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3*cm, 9.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("4.3 Classification of Anchorage (Moyers)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Type", "Description"],
        [
            ["Simple Anchorage",    "Force applied to the anchor unit directly"],
            ["Stationary Anchorage","Bodily movement resisted; most efficient (e.g., Nance, TPA)"],
            ["Reciprocal Anchorage","Equal and opposite forces; both teeth move equally"],
            ["Reinforced Anchorage","Additional teeth added to anchor unit"],
            ["Compound Anchorage",  "More than two teeth as anchorage unit"],
            ["Extra-oral Anchorage","Forces from outside mouth (headgear)"],
            ["Muscular Anchorage",  "Muscle forces used (lip bumper, oral screen)"],
            ["Cortical Anchorage",  "Root moved into cortical bone; more resistance"],
            ["Skeletal Anchorage",  "Miniscrews/miniplates; TADs (Temporary Anchorage Devices)"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5*cm, 11.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("4.4 Classification of Space Analysis")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Analysis", "Purpose / Method"],
        [
            ["Moyers Mixed Dentition Analysis",  "Uses lower permanent incisors to predict unerupted canine & premolars; 75th percentile used"],
            ["Tanaka-Johnston Analysis",          "Simple formula method: Lower incisors/4 + 10.5 (upper); +11 (lower)"],
            ["Nance's Leeway Space",              "Deciduous C+D+E > permanent 3+4+5; upper = 0.9 mm / side; lower = 1.7 mm / side"],
            ["Bolton's Analysis",                 "Tooth size discrepancy; anterior (1-3) and overall (1-6) ratios"],
            ["Pont's Index",                      "Relates arch width to sum of upper incisors; premolar and molar widths"],
            ["Carey's Analysis",                  "Arch length vs. sum of teeth widths; determines crowding / spacing"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5.5*cm, 11*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("4.5 Classification of Skeletal Open Bite / Deep Bite")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Type", "Class / Feature"],
        [
            ["Anterior Open Bite", "Skeletal: vertical growth pattern; Mandibular plane angle >30°; Anterior-Inferior face height increased"],
            ["Anterior Open Bite", "Dental: habits (thumb sucking); tongue thrust"],
            ["Deep Bite",          "Skeletal: horizontal growth; decreased LAFH; Class II Div 2 pattern"],
            ["Deep Bite",          "Dental: over-eruption of anteriors or infra-eruption of posteriors"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 12.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("4.6 Key Cephalometric Norms (Quick Reference)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Measurement", "Normal Value", "Meaning if Increased / Decreased"],
        [
            ["SNA",     "82 ± 2°",     "↑ = Maxillary prognathism; ↓ = Retrognathia"],
            ["SNB",     "80 ± 2°",     "↑ = Mandibular prognathism; ↓ = Retrognathia"],
            ["ANB",     "2 ± 2°",      "↑ = Class II; ↓ or neg = Class III"],
            ["SN-GoGn (MPA)", "32 ± 2°", "↑ = Hyperdivergent (open bite tendency); ↓ = Hypodivergent"],
            ["Y-axis",  "59-66°",      "↑ = Anterior lower face height excess"],
            ["U1 to NA (angle)", "22 ± 2°", "Upper incisor inclination to NA line"],
            ["L1 to NB (angle)", "25 ± 2°", "Lower incisor inclination to NB line"],
            ["Wits appraisal",  "-1 to +1 mm", "AO-BO distance on occlusal plane; ↑ = Class II"],
            ["LAFH (S-Go/N-Me)", "62-65%",  "Facial height index; < 62 = horizontal; >65 = vertical pattern"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 3*cm, 9.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 5. PERIODONTICS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("5. PERIODONTICS"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("5.1 AAP/EFP Classification of Periodontal Diseases (2017)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Category", "Condition", "Key Feature"],
        [
            ["Periodontal Health", "Clinical periodontal health", "No BOP, no attachment/bone loss"],
            ["Gingivitis", "Dental biofilm-induced gingivitis", "BOP present; no attachment loss; reversible"],
            ["Gingivitis", "Non-biofilm gingivitis (specific conditions)", "Viral, genetic, allergy, trauma-related"],
            ["Periodontitis", "Stage I (Mild)", "Interdental CAL 1-2 mm; RBL < 15% root; no tooth loss"],
            ["Periodontitis", "Stage II (Moderate)", "CAL 3-4 mm; RBL 15-33%"],
            ["Periodontitis", "Stage III (Severe)", "CAL ≥5 mm; RBL ≥33%; tooth loss due to periodontitis"],
            ["Periodontitis", "Stage IV (Very Severe)", "Stage III + masticatory dysfunction; ≥20 teeth remaining"],
            ["Periodontitis - Grade", "Grade A (Slow rate)", "No evidence of progression; <0.25 mm bone loss over 5 yrs"],
            ["Periodontitis - Grade", "Grade B (Moderate rate)", "Evidence of progression; <2.0 mm bone loss over 5 yrs"],
            ["Periodontitis - Grade", "Grade C (Rapid rate)", "≥2 mm bone loss over 5 yrs; heavy smoker or poorly controlled DM"],
            ["Necrotizing Diseases", "NUG / NUP / Necrotizing Stomatitis", "Papilla necrosis; pain; halitosis; pseudomembrane"],
            ["Peri-implant", "Peri-implant mucositis / Peri-implantitis", "Around implants; BOP + bone loss = peri-implantitis"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("5.2 Miller's Classification of Gingival Recession")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Description", "Root Coverage Prognosis"],
        [
            ["Class I",   "Marginal tissue recession not extending to MGJ; no loss of interdental bone/tissue",   "100% root coverage possible"],
            ["Class II",  "Recession extending to or beyond MGJ; no interdental bone/tissue loss",                 "100% root coverage possible"],
            ["Class III", "Recession to or beyond MGJ; interdental bone/tissue loss or tooth malpositioning",     "Partial root coverage expected"],
            ["Class IV",  "Recession beyond MGJ; severe interdental bone loss and/or severe malpositioning",      "No root coverage possible"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2.5*cm, 9*cm, 5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("5.3 Furcation Classification (Glickman / Hamp)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["System", "Grade / Class", "Description"],
        [
            ["Glickman", "Grade I",   "Incipient; pocket extends into furcation area; no horizontal loss"],
            ["Glickman", "Grade II",  "Cul-de-sac; horizontal bone loss but not through-and-through"],
            ["Glickman", "Grade III", "Through-and-through furcation involvement; covered by tissue"],
            ["Glickman", "Grade IV",  "Through-and-through; open to clinical view"],
            ["Hamp et al.", "Class F1", "Horizontal loss <1/3 of tooth width"],
            ["Hamp et al.", "Class F2", "Horizontal loss >1/3 but not through-and-through"],
            ["Hamp et al.", "Class F3", "Through-and-through furcation involvement"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 2.5*cm, 11*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 6. CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS ────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("6. CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("6.1 G.V. Black's Classification of Carious Lesions")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Site of Cavity", "Teeth Involved"],
        [
            ["Class I",   "Pits & fissures: occlusal surfaces, buccal/lingual pits",    "Posteriors; buccal pit of lower molars; palatal pit of upper molars"],
            ["Class II",  "Proximal surfaces of posterior teeth",                         "Premolars & Molars"],
            ["Class III", "Proximal surfaces of anteriors (NOT involving incisal angle)", "Incisors & Canines"],
            ["Class IV",  "Proximal surfaces of anteriors (INCLUDING incisal angle)",     "Incisors & Canines"],
            ["Class V",   "Gingival third of facial or lingual surfaces",                 "All teeth"],
            ["Class VI",  "Incisal edges / cusp tips (not by GV Black; added by Mount)", "All teeth; attrition lesions"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2*cm, 7*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("6.2 Classification of Pulp Diseases (AAE)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Diagnosis", "Symptoms / Features", "Treatment"],
        [
            ["Normal Pulp",              "No spontaneous pain; transient mild pain; normal response to tests", "None"],
            ["Reversible Pulpitis",      "Sharp pain; disappears when stimulus removed",                       "Remove irritant; seal"],
            ["Irreversible Pulpitis (Symptomatic)", "Lingering pain after stimulus; spontaneous; sharp to dull", "Root canal treatment"],
            ["Irreversible Pulpitis (Asymptomatic)","No symptoms; detected on X-ray or accidentally",           "Root canal treatment"],
            ["Pulp Necrosis",            "Non-responsive to cold; may respond to heat",                        "Root canal treatment"],
            ["Previously Treated",       "Tooth has RCT; previously treated pulp space",                       "Assess for re-treatment"],
            ["Previously Initiated",     "Partial RCT done; pulpotomy",                                        "Complete root canal"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 6.5*cm, 6*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("6.3 Classification of Root Resorption (Andreasen)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Type", "Subtype", "Cause / Feature"],
        [
            ["External Resorption", "Surface resorption",      "Self-limiting; repairable; minor trauma"],
            ["External Resorption", "Inflammatory resorption",  "Bacteria in canal; progressive; treat RCT"],
            ["External Resorption", "Replacement resorption (Ankylosis)", "Trauma; PDL lost; bone fuses to root; high metallic percussion"],
            ["External Resorption", "Cervical resorption (Heithersay)", "Class I-IV; pink tooth; internal bleaching, trauma, ortho"],
            ["Internal Resorption", "Internal inflammatory",    "Infected pulp; pink spot; treat RCT urgently"],
            ["Internal Resorption", "Internal replacement (substitution)", "Vital pulp replaces dentin with metaplastic bone"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 4.5*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 7. PROSTHODONTICS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("7. PROSTHODONTICS & CROWN & BRIDGE"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("7.1 Kennedy's Classification of Partially Edentulous Arches")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Description", "Extension Type"],
        [
            ["Class I",   "Bilateral edentulous area posterior to remaining teeth",    "Bilateral distal extension (free end)"],
            ["Class II",  "Unilateral edentulous area posterior to remaining teeth",   "Unilateral distal extension (free end)"],
            ["Class III", "Unilateral edentulous area with teeth on both sides",       "Bounded saddle (tooth-supported)"],
            ["Class IV",  "Single bilateral edentulous area anterior to remaining teeth", "Anterior bounded; cannot have modifications"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2.5*cm, 7.5*cm, 6.5*cm]
    ), sp()]
    elems.append(note("Applegate's rules: Class IV cannot have modifications. Posterior most edentulous area determines class. Modifications are counted by number of additional edentulous areas."))
    elems.append(sp())

    elems += [section_title("7.2 Angle's Classification of Occlusion (in Prosthodontics context)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Concept", "Description"],
        [
            ["Centric Occlusion (CO)",        "Maximum intercuspation of teeth; may not coincide with CR"],
            ["Centric Relation (CR)",          "Most superior-anterior position of condyle in glenoid fossa; reproducible"],
            ["CR-CO Discrepancy",              "Normal: 0-2 mm; clinically significant if >2 mm"],
            ["Balanced Occlusion",             "Simultaneous contacts on both sides in eccentric movements; for complete dentures"],
            ["Canine-Protected Occlusion",     "Canines guide lateral movements; posteriors disclude; natural dentition"],
            ["Group Function Occlusion",       "Multiple posterior teeth share lateral guidance load"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5*cm, 11.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("7.3 Classification of Complete Denture Impression Techniques")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Technique", "Concept / Material"],
        [
            ["Mucostatic (Passive)",     "Records tissues at rest; plaster of Paris; Boucher's technique"],
            ["Mucocompressive (Pressure)","Displaces tissues; ZOE; records under function; Applegate"],
            ["Selective Pressure",        "Pressure only on stress-bearing areas; rest areas mucostatically recorded"],
            ["Functional Impression",     "Recorded under function; PVS wash or ZOE in custom tray"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5*cm, 11.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 8. PEDODONTICS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("8. PEDODONTICS & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("8.1 Classification of Dental Caries in Children")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["System", "Class/Type", "Description"],
        [
            ["ICDAS", "Code 0",  "Sound tooth surface"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 1",  "First visual change in enamel (after air drying)"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 2",  "Distinct visual change in enamel (wet)"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 3",  "Localised enamel breakdown, no dentin visible"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 4",  "Underlying dark shadow from dentin"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 5",  "Distinct cavity with visible dentin"],
            ["ICDAS", "Code 6",  "Extensive distinct cavity with visible dentin >1/2 surface"],
            ["ECC", "Early Childhood Caries", "Any carious lesion in child ≤71 months; includes S-ECC (severe ECC)"],
        ],
        col_widths=[3*cm, 2.5*cm, 11*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("8.2 Eruption Sequence (Primary & Permanent Teeth)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Dentition", "Tooth", "Eruption Age"],
        [
            ["Primary", "Lower central incisor",  "6-8 months"],
            ["Primary", "Upper central incisor",  "7-9 months"],
            ["Primary", "Upper lateral incisor",  "8-11 months"],
            ["Primary", "Lower lateral incisor",  "9-13 months"],
            ["Primary", "Upper & Lower 1st molar", "12-16 months"],
            ["Primary", "Upper & Lower canine",   "16-22 months"],
            ["Primary", "Upper & Lower 2nd molar", "20-30 months"],
            ["Permanent", "Lower central incisor", "6-7 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper central incisor", "7-8 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Lower lateral incisor", "7-8 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper lateral incisor", "8-9 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Lower canine",          "9-10 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper & Lower 1st premolar", "10-11 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper & Lower 2nd premolar", "11-12 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper canine",          "11-12 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper & Lower 1st molar", "6-7 years (first permanent tooth)"],
            ["Permanent", "Upper & Lower 2nd molar", "12-13 years"],
            ["Permanent", "Third molar",            "17-25 years"],
        ],
        col_widths=[2.5*cm, 6.5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 9. PHARMACOLOGY ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("9. PHARMACOLOGY (General & Dental)"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("9.1 Classification of Antibiotics Used in Dentistry")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Class", "Drug", "Use in Dentistry"],
        [
            ["Beta-Lactams - Penicillins", "Amoxicillin 500 mg TDS",    "First-line for odontogenic infections; pre-med for IE prophylaxis"],
            ["Beta-Lactams - Penicillins", "Amoxicillin + Clavulanate", "Beta-lactamase producing organisms; severe infections"],
            ["Beta-Lactams - Cephalosporins","Cephalexin",              "Penicillin allergy (non-anaphylactic); prophylaxis"],
            ["Nitroimidazoles",            "Metronidazole 400 mg TDS",  "Anaerobes; NUG; ANUG; combined with amoxicillin"],
            ["Macrolides",                 "Azithromycin 500 mg OD",    "Penicillin-allergic patients; IE prophylaxis alternative"],
            ["Macrolides",                 "Clindamycin 600 mg",        "IE prophylaxis in penicillin allergy; anaerobes; bone infections"],
            ["Tetracyclines",              "Doxycycline 100 mg",        "Periodontal adjunct; controlled delivery devices; ANUG"],
            ["Fluoroquinolones",           "Ciprofloxacin",             "Gram-negative coverage; osteomyelitis adjunct"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 4.5*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("9.2 Classification of NSAIDs")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Generation/Class", "Drug", "Key Point"],
        [
            ["Non-selective COX inhibitor", "Aspirin",          "Irreversible COX inhibition; anti-platelet; Reye's syndrome in children"],
            ["Non-selective COX inhibitor", "Ibuprofen",        "First-line dental analgesic; 400-600 mg TDS; best GI tolerability"],
            ["Non-selective COX inhibitor", "Diclofenac",       "Good anti-inflammatory; common in dental practice"],
            ["Non-selective COX inhibitor", "Naproxen",         "Long acting; twice daily dosing"],
            ["Selective COX-2 inhibitor",   "Celecoxib",        "GI-sparing; less anti-platelet effect"],
            ["Selective COX-2 inhibitor",   "Etoricoxib",       "Potent; less GI adverse effects; CV risk"],
            ["Paracetamol (non-NSAID)",     "Paracetamol/Acetaminophen", "Analgesic/antipyretic; no anti-inflammatory; hepatotoxic OD"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("9.3 Emergency Drug Classification")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Emergency", "Drug", "Dose / Route"],
        [
            ["Anaphylaxis",          "Epinephrine (Adrenaline)",    "0.5 mg (0.5 mL of 1:1000) IM into thigh; repeat 5 min"],
            ["Anaphylaxis adjunct",  "Antihistamine (Chlorphenamine)", "10 mg IV/IM after epinephrine"],
            ["Anaphylaxis adjunct",  "Hydrocortisone",              "200 mg IV/IM"],
            ["Angina",               "GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate)",   "0.4 mg sublingual spray; repeat × 2 after 5 min"],
            ["Cardiac Arrest",       "Epinephrine",                 "1 mg IV every 3-5 min during CPR"],
            ["Hypoglycaemia",        "Glucose gel / 50% Dextrose",  "Oral glucose gel if conscious; 50 mL 50% Dextrose IV if not"],
            ["Seizure",              "Midazolam (buccal)",          "10 mg buccal; diazepam 10 mg IV if available"],
            ["Asthma attack",        "Salbutamol inhaler",          "2-10 puffs with spacer; repeat 10-20 min"],
            ["Syncope (vasovagal)",  "Oxygen + Trendelenburg",      "Lay supine; elevate legs; no drug usually needed"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 10. PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY ────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("10. PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY (PHD)"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("10.1 WHO Oral Health Indices")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Index", "Measures", "Formula / Scale"],
        [
            ["DMFT/dmft",      "Dental caries (permanent/primary)",    "D+M+F teeth; population-level; 0 = best; higher = worse"],
            ["DMFS/dmfs",      "Caries by surface",                    "D+M+F surfaces; max 128 (permanent)"],
            ["CPI (CPITN)",    "Periodontal status",                   "0=healthy; 1=bleeding; 2=calculus; 3=4-5mm pocket; 4=≥6mm pocket"],
            ["OHI-S (Greene-Vermillion)", "Oral hygiene status",      "DI-S + CI-S; 0-6 scale; 0 = excellent"],
            ["PHP (Patient Hygiene Performance)", "Patient plaque",   "5 tooth surfaces scored; stained plaque"],
            ["Plaque Index (Silness & Loe)", "Plaque thickness",      "0-3 per surface; 4 teeth assessed"],
            ["Gingival Index (Loe & Silness)", "Gingival inflammation","0=normal; 1=mild; 2=moderate (bleeding on probing); 3=severe spontaneous bleed"],
            ["Dean's Fluorosis Index",  "Fluorosis severity",         "0=normal to 4=severe; Community fluorosis index"],
            ["SIC Index",      "Significant caries",                   "Average DMFT of the highest-caries third of population"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4*cm, 8*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("10.2 Classification of Prevention Levels")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Level", "Term", "Action"],
        [
            ["Primordial Prevention", "Before risk factors develop",  "Social/environmental change; healthy public policy"],
            ["Primary Prevention",   "Before disease occurs",         "Fluoridation; sealants; oral hygiene education; diet counselling"],
            ["Secondary Prevention", "Early detection + treatment",   "Screening; early restoration; dental checkups"],
            ["Tertiary Prevention",  "Limit disability",              "Rehabilitation; dentures; implants after tooth loss"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 7.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 11. GENERAL MEDICINE (Rank Makers) ─────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("11. GENERAL MEDICINE - Key Classifications"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("11.1 WHO Classification of Hypertension (2023)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Category", "Systolic (mmHg)", "Diastolic (mmHg)"],
        [
            ["Normal",                 "<120",    "<80"],
            ["Elevated (Pre-HT)",      "120-129", "<80"],
            ["Stage 1 Hypertension",   "130-139", "80-89"],
            ["Stage 2 Hypertension",   "≥140",    "≥90"],
            ["Hypertensive Crisis",    ">180",    ">120"],
        ],
        col_widths=[6*cm, 4*cm, 4*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("11.2 Diabetes Classification & Diagnostic Criteria (ADA)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Test", "Normal", "Pre-Diabetes", "Diabetes"],
        [
            ["Fasting Plasma Glucose",   "<100 mg/dL",  "100-125 mg/dL",  "≥126 mg/dL"],
            ["2h OGTT (75g)",            "<140 mg/dL",  "140-199 mg/dL",  "≥200 mg/dL"],
            ["HbA1c",                    "<5.7%",        "5.7-6.4%",       "≥6.5%"],
            ["Random PG (symptomatic)",  "-",            "-",              "≥200 mg/dL"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5.5*cm, 3*cm, 4*cm, 4*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("11.3 Classification of Anaemia")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["By MCV", "Type", "Causes"],
        [
            ["Microcytic (MCV<80)", "Iron Deficiency Anaemia",      "Most common; angular cheilitis; Plummer-Vinson syndrome; koilonychia"],
            ["Microcytic (MCV<80)", "Thalassemia",                  "Genetic; high HbA2; Chipmunk facies"],
            ["Microcytic (MCV<80)", "Sideroblastic",                "Ring sideroblasts; iron in mitochondria"],
            ["Normocytic (MCV 80-100)", "Aplastic Anaemia",         "Pancytopenia; hypocellular marrow; petechiae"],
            ["Normocytic",          "Haemolytic Anaemia",           "Increased reticulocytes; elevated bilirubin"],
            ["Macrocytic (MCV>100)","Vitamin B12 Deficiency",       "Glossitis; Hunter's glossitis; neurological symptoms"],
            ["Macrocytic",          "Folate Deficiency",            "No neurological signs; pregnancy, malnutrition"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4*cm, 4*cm, 8.5*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 12. RADIOLOGY ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("12. ORAL MEDICINE & RADIOLOGY"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("12.1 Classification of Radiographic Appearances of Jaw Lesions")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Pattern", "Description", "Classic Lesions"],
        [
            ["Unilocular Radiolucency",   "Single well-defined luc area",              "Periapical cyst, Dentigerous cyst, AOT"],
            ["Multilocular Radiolucency", "Multiple compartments; septa",              "Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Myxoma, CGCG, ABC"],
            ["Soap Bubble",               "Large scalloped loculations",               "Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic myxoma, CGCG"],
            ["Honeycomb",                 "Small loculations; fine trabeculae",        "Odontogenic myxoma, Haemangioma"],
            ["Tennis Racket",             "Right angle trabeculae",                    "Odontogenic Myxoma (pathognomonic)"],
            ["Ground Glass",              "Granular; loss of trabecular pattern",      "Fibrous Dysplasia"],
            ["Cotton Wool",               "Mixed radiopaque fluffy masses",            "Paget's Disease, Cemento-osseous dysplasia"],
            ["Sunburst / Sun-Ray",        "Radiating spicules from bone",              "Osteosarcoma"],
            ["Onion Skin",                "Layered periosteal reaction",               "Ewing's Sarcoma"],
            ["Codman's Triangle",         "Elevated periosteum at tumour edge",        "Osteosarcoma"],
            ["Driven Snow",               "Calc. deposits scattered throughout",       "CEOT (Pindborg tumour)"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 5*cm, 7*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("12.2 Angell's White Lesion Classification (WHO Modified)")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Lesion", "Risk of Malignancy", "Key Feature"],
        [
            ["Leukoplakia",              "~5-17%",  "White patch; cannot be scraped; not attributable to other cause"],
            ["Erythroplakia",            "~51%",    "Velvety red patch; highest malignant potential"],
            ["Erythroleukoplakia",       ">30%",    "Mixed red and white; speckled leukoplakia"],
            ["Oral Submucous Fibrosis",  "~7-12%", "Fibrosis; trismus; burning; betel nut habit; India"],
            ["Oral Lichen Planus",       "~1%",     "Wickham's striae; reticular most common; erosive most symptomatic"],
            ["Actinic Cheilitis",        "10-20%",  "Lower lip; solar damage; dry scaly lip"],
        ],
        col_widths=[4.5*cm, 3*cm, 9*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems.append(PageBreak())

    # ─ 13. GENERAL ANATOMY ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems += [sp(0.3), subject_box("13. GENERAL ANATOMY - High Yield Classifications"), sp(0.3)]

    elems += [section_title("13.1 Classification of Cranial Nerves")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["CN", "Name", "Type", "Key Function / Dental Relevance"],
        [
            ["I",   "Olfactory",       "Sensory",          "Smell"],
            ["II",  "Optic",           "Sensory",          "Vision"],
            ["III", "Oculomotor",      "Motor + Parasym",  "Eye movement; pupil constriction"],
            ["IV",  "Trochlear",       "Motor",            "Superior oblique (intorsion)"],
            ["V",   "Trigeminal",      "Mixed",            "Main sensory nerve of face; motor to muscles of mastication"],
            ["V1",  "Ophthalmic",      "Sensory",          "Forehead, cornea, nose"],
            ["V2",  "Maxillary",       "Sensory",          "Maxillary teeth, palate, cheek"],
            ["V3",  "Mandibular",      "Mixed",            "Mandibular teeth; tongue sensation; muscles of mastication"],
            ["VI",  "Abducens",        "Motor",            "Lateral rectus"],
            ["VII", "Facial",          "Mixed",            "Motor to facial muscles; taste ant 2/3 tongue; submandibular + sublingual glands"],
            ["VIII","Vestibulocochlear","Sensory",         "Hearing & balance"],
            ["IX",  "Glossopharyngeal","Mixed",            "Taste post 1/3 tongue; parotid gland; carotid sinus"],
            ["X",   "Vagus",           "Mixed",            "Pharynx, larynx, viscera; depresses HR"],
            ["XI",  "Accessory",       "Motor",            "SCM & trapezius"],
            ["XII", "Hypoglossal",     "Motor",            "All intrinsic + extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus = CN X)"],
        ],
        col_widths=[1*cm, 4*cm, 2.5*cm, 9*cm]
    ), sp()]

    elems += [section_title("13.2 Waldeyer's Ring - Components")]
    elems += [make_table(
        ["Component", "Location"],
        [
            ["Pharyngeal tonsil (Adenoids)",  "Roof of nasopharynx"],
            ["Tubal tonsils (×2)",             "Around Eustachian tube openings"],
            ["Palatine tonsils (×2)",          "Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches (tonsillar fossa)"],
            ["Lingual tonsil",                 "Posterior dorsal surface of tongue (sulcus terminalis to epiglottis)"],
        ],
        col_widths=[5.5*cm, 11*cm]
    ), sp()]

    # ─ FINAL BACK PAGE / CLOSING ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    elems.append(PageBreak())
    elems += [
        Spacer(1, 4*cm),
        Paragraph("All the Best for NEET MDS!", sty("End1",
            fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=28,
            textColor=C_DARK_BLUE, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
        Spacer(1, 0.5*cm),
        Paragraph(
            "This booklet covers 13 subjects with 40+ classification charts. "
            "Revise one subject per day. Focus on bolded terms in each chart.",
            sty("End2", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=12,
            textColor=C_TEXT, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=18)),
        Spacer(1, 1*cm),
        HRFlowable(width="80%", thickness=1.5, color=C_GOLD, spaceAfter=10),
        Paragraph(
            "Tip: Cover the 'Description' column with a card and test yourself on each classification.",
            sty("Tip", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=11,
            textColor=C_ACCENT, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
    ]

    return elems

# ── Document Build ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def main():
    doc = BaseDocTemplate(
        OUTPUT,
        pagesize=A4,
        leftMargin=1.5*cm, rightMargin=1.5*cm,
        topMargin=1.5*cm,  bottomMargin=1.2*cm,
        title="NEET MDS Classification Charts",
        author="Orris AI",
        subject="NEET MDS Revision",
    )

    cover_frame = Frame(0, 0, A4[0], A4[1], id="cover")
    body_frame  = Frame(
        doc.leftMargin, doc.bottomMargin + 0.6*cm,
        doc.width, doc.height - 1.2*cm, id="body"
    )

    doc.addPageTemplates([
        PageTemplate(id="Cover", frames=[cover_frame], onPage=cover_page),
        PageTemplate(id="Body",  frames=[body_frame],  onPage=later_page),
    ])

    story = build_content()
    # Force switch to Body template after page 1
    from reportlab.platypus import NextPageTemplate
    story.insert(story.index(next(e for e in story if isinstance(e, PageBreak))), NextPageTemplate("Body"))

    doc.build(story)
    print(f"PDF saved to: {OUTPUT}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()