How it works

1. Strengthens enamel by promoting formation of fluorapatite-like mineral, which is more resistant to acid attack.
2. Promotes remineralization of very early enamel damage, before it becomes a cavity.
3. Reduces demineralization when bacterial plaque acids form after sugar or starch intake.
4. Has a modest antibacterial effect on plaque bacteria and their acid production.

Benefits

• Fewer new cavities, especially in people with increased caries risk.
• Helps protect difficult-to-clean areas, including around braces, bridges, and along the gumline.
• May be useful with dry mouth, frequent sugar intake, past history of cavities, exposed root surfaces, or after head and neck radiotherapy, under dental guidance.
• Can support prevention of root caries in adults with gum recession.

Typical products and use

• 0.05% sodium fluoride, about 230 ppm fluoride: usually an over-the-counter daily rinse for people older than 6 years.
• 0.2% sodium fluoride: a stronger rinse, often used weekly and generally recommended or prescribed for people at high risk of caries.

Important safety points

• Do not use fluoride mouthwash in children younger than 6 years unless a dental professional specifically recommends it. Young children may swallow it repeatedly, increasing the risk of dental fluorosis while teeth are developing.
• It is unsuitable for anyone who cannot reliably rinse and spit.
• More fluoride is not better. Follow the product label and avoid combining several fluoride products at high strength unless your dentist recommends it.
• Ask your dentist whether you need a mouthwash if you already use fluoride toothpaste and have low cavity risk. It is most helpful for people at elevated risk.