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Dengue

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dengue

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WHO dengue fact sheet warning signs clinical management

What would you like to know about dengue?
  • Symptoms and warning signs
  • Tests and diagnosis
  • Home care and treatment
  • Prevention and mosquito control
  • Detailed study notes

Dengue detailed study notes

Reading File
  1. Virology and epidemiology
    Dengue virus serotypes, Aedes mosquito transmission, endemic regions, risk factors, and secondary infection.
  2. Pathogenesis
    Viremia, immune response, antibody-dependent enhancement, capillary leak, thrombocytopenia, and shock.
  3. Clinical features and phases
    Febrile, critical, and recovery phases; typical symptoms, rash, and severe dengue.
  4. Warning signs and severity classification
    WHO classification: dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue.
  5. Diagnosis
    Clinical suspicion, CBC and hematocrit trends, NS1 antigen, RT-PCR, IgM/IgG serology, and differential diagnosis.
  6. Management
    Outpatient care, monitoring, fluid management principles, admission criteria, management of shock and bleeding, and drugs to avoid.
  7. Special situations
    Dengue in children, pregnancy, older adults, and people with comorbidities.
  8. Prevention and public health
    Personal bite prevention, vector control, surveillance, and vaccines.
High-level overview: Dengue is an acute mosquito-borne viral illness caused by four dengue virus serotypes and transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. It ranges from an uncomplicated febrile illness with severe headache, myalgia, rash, and low platelet count to severe dengue with plasma leakage, shock, significant bleeding, or organ involvement.
The period around defervescence, often days 3-7 of illness, can be the highest-risk period. Falling platelet count alone does not define severity. Clinical warning signs, rising hematocrit with evidence of plasma leakage, perfusion, urine output, and overall clinical status guide management. There is no routine specific antiviral treatment; careful supportive care and appropriate fluid therapy are the basis of treatment. The CDC clinical guidance outlines this risk-based approach.
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