COMMON CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Definition Etiology Clinical Features Differential diagnosis Management Prevention Give this for separate diseases Use Evidence based references, preferably FITZPATRICKS DERMATOLOGY, ANDREWS DISEASES OF THE SKIN, current clinic practice guidelines and recent journal articles Give me contents to directly paste in ppt

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COMMON CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

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[SLIDE 1] TITLE SLIDE

COMMON CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Evidence-Based Review
References: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e | Andrews' Diseases of the Skin | IDSA Guidelines 2014 | Dermatology 2-Volume Set 5e

[SLIDE 2] OVERVIEW / OUTLINE

Diseases Covered:
  1. Impetigo
  2. Ecthyma
  3. Folliculitis (including Sycosis Barbae)
  4. Furunculosis & Carbuncle
  5. Cellulitis & Erysipelas
  6. Erythrasma
  7. Pitted Keratolysis


SECTION 1 - IMPETIGO


[SLIDE 3] IMPETIGO - DEFINITION & OVERVIEW

  • Superficial bacterial skin infection involving the epidermis
  • Most common bacterial skin infection in children
  • Two forms: Non-bullous (Impetigo contagiosa) and Bullous impetigo
  • Highly contagious; spreads by direct contact
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 300

[SLIDE 4] IMPETIGO - ETIOLOGY

  • 50-70% of cases: Staphylococcus aureus (phage group 2; types 71 or 55)
  • Remainder: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic) alone or combined
  • Bullous impetigo: Exclusively S. aureus - produces exfoliative toxins A & B (cleave desmoglein-1)
  • Neonatal impetigo: Group B streptococci; groups C and G rarely isolated
  • Streptococci often represent the early pathogen; staphylococci replace as lesion matures
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301

[SLIDE 5] IMPETIGO - CLINICAL FEATURES

Non-Bullous (Impetigo Contagiosa):
  • Discrete thin-walled vesicles → pustules → rupture
  • Honey-colored, golden-brown crusts on an erythematous base
  • Face (perioral, perinasal), extremities most affected
  • Regional lymphadenopathy (especially streptococcal)
Bullous Impetigo:
  • Strikingly large, fragile bullae - predilection for face and perineum
  • Rupture → circinate, weepy or crusted lesions ("impetigo circinata")
  • Axillae and groins in adults; face and perineum in neonates
  • Constitutional symptoms absent initially; neonates at risk for scalded skin syndrome
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 300-301

[SLIDE 6] IMPETIGO - RISK FACTORS & COMPLICATIONS

Predisposing Factors:
  • Hot, humid weather; summer months in temperate zones
  • Young children; crowded settings (day care, schools)
  • Pre-existing skin disease: atopic dermatitis, scabies, pediculosis, insect bites
  • Nasal or perineal S. aureus carriage
Key Complication:
  • Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN): 2-5% (up to 10-15% with nephritogenic strains)
  • Nephritogenic strains: M-types 49, 55, 57, 60, and M-type 2
  • Treatment does NOT reduce risk of AGN
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301

[SLIDE 7] IMPETIGO - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionDistinguishing Feature
Tinea corporisScaling, not crusted; KOH positive
Herpes simplexVesicles, short duration, recurs at same site
Contact dermatitisLinear pattern, exposure history, intense itch
Bullous pemphigoidOlder patients, tense bullae on normal skin
VaricellaWidespread centripetal distribution, systemic symptoms
EcthymaPunched-out ulcer with thick crust
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301

[SLIDE 8] IMPETIGO - MANAGEMENT

Local Care:
  • Soak off crusts with warm compresses; clean with soap and water
  • Apply antibiotic ointment twice daily
Topical Antibiotics (mild-moderate, limited lesions):
  • Mupirocin 2% ointment/cream - first-line
  • Retapamulin 1% ointment
  • Fusidic acid cream
  • Reduces risk by 47% vs placebo in high-risk children
Oral Antibiotics (widespread/bullous/systemic signs):
  • Dicloxacillin or first-generation cephalosporin (cefalexin)
  • If MRSA suspected: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, or doxycycline
  • Adjust based on culture sensitivities
MRSA Note: Growing prevalence; culture before empiric therapy in refractory cases
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e

[SLIDE 9] IMPETIGO - PREVENTION

  • Hand hygiene - frequent, thorough handwashing
  • Avoid sharing towels, clothing, sports equipment
  • Keep fingernails short and clean
  • Cover lesions to prevent spread
  • Prophylactic antibiotic ointment to skin trauma sites in high-risk children
  • Treat household contacts if recurrent episodes


SECTION 2 - ECTHYMA


[SLIDE 10] ECTHYMA - DEFINITION & ETIOLOGY

Definition:
  • Ulcerative pyoderma penetrating through the full epidermis into the dermis
  • Described as "impetigo with deeper penetration"
Etiology:
  • Primary: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic)
  • Secondary: Staphylococcus aureus (especially in IV drug users, HIV patients)
  • Predisposing: malnutrition, uncleanliness, trauma, immunosuppression
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 11] ECTHYMA - CLINICAL FEATURES

  • Begins as vesicle or vesicopustule on erythematous base
  • Enlarges → thick, adherent, "oyster-shell" crust over days
  • Removal of crust reveals saucer-shaped ulcer with raised violaceous edges and raw base
  • Lower extremities most common; also buttocks
  • Local adenopathy may be present
  • Heals with scarring (unlike impetigo)
  • Rarely progresses to gangrene in debilitated patients
  • Vesicles may mimic HSV, especially in atopic dermatitis
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 12] ECTHYMA - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionFeature
ImpetigoSuperficial, heals without scarring
Herpes simplexVesicular, grouped, Tzanck positive
Ecthyma gangrenosumPseudomonas, immunocompromised host
Cutaneous leishmaniasisTravel history, smear positive
Ulcerating SCCIrregular rolled edges, chronic

[SLIDE 13] ECTHYMA - MANAGEMENT

Local Treatment:
  • Soak crust with warm compresses; remove carefully
  • Clean with soap and water
Topical:
  • Mupirocin ointment twice daily
  • Retapamulin or bacitracin ointment - alternatives
Systemic (usually required):
  • Dicloxacillin or first-generation cephalosporin (oral)
  • Adjust per culture and sensitivity
  • TMP-SMX or clindamycin if MRSA suspected
Address underlying factors: Nutrition, hygiene, underlying immunosuppression
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302


SECTION 3 - FOLLICULITIS


[SLIDE 14] FOLLICULITIS - DEFINITION & ETIOLOGY

Definition:
  • Superficial or deep infection/inflammation of hair follicles
Etiology:
  • Most common: Staphylococcus aureus
  • Gram-negative folliculitis: After prolonged antibiotic use for acne (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus)
  • Hot tub folliculitis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Pityrosporum folliculitis: Malassezia spp. (not bacterial, but clinically mimics)
  • MRSA increasingly implicated
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301

[SLIDE 15] FOLLICULITIS - CLINICAL FEATURES

Superficial Folliculitis (Impetigo of Bockhart):
  • Thin-walled yellowish-white pustules at follicular orifices
  • Develops in crops, heals in a few days
  • Extremities, scalp, face (perioral)
Staphylococcal Folliculitis:
  • Any hair-bearing area: trunk, extremities, beard, axillae, pubis, thighs
  • Pubic folliculitis may be sexually transmitted
Sycosis Vulgaris (Sycosis Barbae / "Barber's Itch"):
  • Chronic perifollicular pustular infection of the bearded region
  • Papules and pustules pierced by hairs; burning/itching
  • Upper lip near nose is a characteristic early site
  • Atrophic scarring may result in severe cases
  • Associated blepharitis and conjunctivitis in severe cases
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301

[SLIDE 16] FOLLICULITIS - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionFeature
Tinea barbaeFungal, KOH positive; spares upper lip
Acne vulgarisComedones present, no hair piercing pustule
Pseudofolliculitis barbaeIngrown hairs, Black men, no true infection
HSV sycosisShort duration, vesicles, Tzanck positive
Demodex folliculitisMites on microscopy
RosaceaFlushing, telangiectasia, no follicular pustules

[SLIDE 17] FOLLICULITIS - MANAGEMENT

Topical Therapy (mild cases):
  • Mupirocin 2% ointment
  • Topical clindamycin or retapamulin
  • Benzoyl peroxide washes (5-10%)
  • Chlorhexidine 4% wash
  • Dilute sodium hypochlorite baths (bleach baths: ½ cup/40-gallon tub)
  • Aluminum chloride anhydrous (Drysol) - effective for chronic buttock folliculitis
Systemic Therapy (extensive/recurrent):
  • First-generation cephalosporin or dicloxacillin
  • If MRSA suspected: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, or linezolid
  • Base on culture and sensitivity
Nasal Decolonization (recurrent):
  • Mupirocin to anterior nares daily for 5 days; repeat monthly
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e


SECTION 4 - FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE


[SLIDE 18] FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE - DEFINITION & ETIOLOGY

Furuncle (Boil):
  • Acute, round, tender, circumscribed, perifollicular abscess ending in central suppuration
  • Deep S. aureus infection of hair follicle and surrounding tissue
Carbuncle:
  • Two or more confluent furuncles with separate heads
  • Deeper, more severe; associated with systemic features
Etiology:
  • Staphylococcus aureus - principal organism
  • MRSA increasingly common (community-acquired MRSA)
  • Nasal/perineal carrier state is the most important reservoir
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 19] FURUNCULOSIS - CLINICAL FEATURES & RISK FACTORS

Clinical Features:
  • Sites of predilection: nape, axillae, buttocks, face (upper lip, nose - DANGER AREA)
  • Begin in hair follicles → central necrosis → spontaneous rupture with purulent/necrotic discharge
  • Pain, warmth, tenderness, induration
  • Carbuncles: constitutional symptoms common (fever, malaise)
Predisposing Systemic Conditions:
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Alcoholism / malnutrition
  • Blood dyscrasias; neutrophil dysfunction disorders
  • Immunosuppression (HIV/AIDS, steroids, isotretinoin therapy)
  • Renal dialysis patients
  • Atopic dermatitis (promotes S. aureus carrier state)
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303

[SLIDE 20] FURUNCULOSIS - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionFeature
Hidradenitis suppurativaAxillae/groins, scarring, tunnels, recurrent
Cystic acneFace, comedones, chronic
Infected sebaceous cystCheesy material, no follicular origin
Cutaneous anthraxEschar, exposure history
Inflamed epidermal inclusion cystHistory of prior cyst

[SLIDE 21] FURUNCULOSIS - MANAGEMENT

Surgical:
  • Incision & Drainage (I&D) - definitive for fluctuant abscess
  • Warm compresses for early non-fluctuant lesions
  • Avoid I&D for lesions on upper lip, nose, external ear canal (sinus/CNS risk)
Antibiotics (in addition to I&D):
  • RCT evidence: clindamycin OR TMP-SMX after I&D improves cure rates even for abscesses <5 cm
  • MSSA: dicloxacillin, first-gen cephalosporin, clindamycin
  • MRSA/resistant: TMP-SMX, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, linezolid
  • Carbuncles or facial furuncles: IV antibiotics may be required
Hot wet soaks: Aluminum acetate solution diluted 1:20
DANGER AREA: Furuncles of upper lip and nose - risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis; do NOT squeeze; treat with IV antibiotics
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303

[SLIDE 22] FURUNCULOSIS - PREVENTION

  • Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash (axillae, groin, perianal) for 1 week
  • Bleach baths (sodium hypochlorite 0.005%) - 3x/week
  • Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)
  • Frequent handwashing; avoid sharing personal items
  • Mupirocin to anterior nares twice daily (patient and family)
  • Rifampin 10 days + dicloxacillin (MSSA) or TMP-SMX (MRSA) for carriage eradication
  • Low-dose clindamycin for 3 months for recurrent furunculosis
  • Treat atopic dermatitis; don't share moisturizer containers
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 303


SECTION 5 - CELLULITIS & ERYSIPELAS


[SLIDE 23] CELLULITIS & ERYSIPELAS - DEFINITION

Cellulitis:
  • Infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue
  • Presents with erythema, edema, warmth, and pain (Celsus's 4 cardinal signs)
  • Ill-defined borders; unilateral lower extremity most common
Erysipelas:
  • Variant involving predominantly superficial lymphatic vessels
  • Sharply demarcated ("raised palpable edge"), bright red, edematous plaques
  • More superficial; fever more common
Modern convention: Both grouped together as "cellulitis" in current guidelines
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, Chapter 151, p. 2775

[SLIDE 24] CELLULITIS - ETIOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY

Most common organisms:
  • Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic) - historically classic for erysipelas
  • Staphylococcus aureus (including community-acquired MRSA)
  • Groups B, C, G streptococci
Special situations:
  • Bite wounds: Pasteurella spp., Eikenella, Capnocytophaga canimorsus (polymicrobial)
  • Aquatic trauma: Aeromonas, Vibrio vulnificus, Mycobacterium marinum
  • Immunocompromised/diabetics: Gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas, fungi
  • Portal of entry found in up to 62% of cases (toe web infections most common)
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2778

[SLIDE 25] CELLULITIS - CLINICAL FEATURES

Classic Cellulitis:
  • Spreading ill-defined erythema, edema, warmth, pain
  • Lower extremity most common in adults; face in children
  • Almost always unilateral (bilateral = consider alternative diagnosis)
  • Lymphangitis (linear streaking), tender lymphadenopathy
  • "Skip areas" of spared skin; peau d'orange skin
  • Bulla formation, superficial necrosis in severe cases
Erysipelas:
  • Painful, warm erythema with well-defined, raised borders
  • Leg 76-90%, then face and upper extremity
  • Salmon-red color; surface may look like orange peel
  • Fever, chills, and malaise more common
Warning signs of necrotizing fasciitis: Crepitus, anesthesia, pain out of proportion
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2776-2777

[SLIDE 26] CELLULITIS - DIAGNOSIS & INVESTIGATIONS

Clinical Diagnosis (primary):
  • History and physical examination
  • Misdiagnosis rate >30% in acute care settings
  • Dermatology consultation improves diagnostic accuracy
ALT-70 Score (Risk Prediction):
  • Asymmetry (unilateral): 3 pts
  • Leukocytosis ≥10,000/μL: 1 pt
  • Tachycardia ≥90 bpm: 1 pt
  • Age ≥70 years: 2 pts
  • Score 0-2: NPV >83% | Score ≥5: PPV >82%
Lab Tests (nonspecific but supportive):
  • CBC: leukocytosis in 34-50%
  • ESR/CRP elevated in >75%
  • Blood cultures: positive in only ~5% (reserve for high-risk patients)
  • Skin swabs/needle aspiration: low yield; not routinely recommended (IDSA 2014)
  • Abscess/pustule cultures: recommended
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2780-2781

[SLIDE 27] CELLULITIS - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionKey Feature
DVT / post-thrombotic syndromeBilateral possible; Duplex USS
Stasis dermatitisChronic, scaling, pruritus
LipodermatosclerosisInverted champagne bottle leg, chronic
Contact/eczematous dermatitisScaling, geometric borders, pruritus
Gout / pseudogoutOverlies joint, crystals on aspiration
Erythema migransAnnular, tick exposure
Erythema nodosumTender nodules, bilateral, shin
Necrotizing fasciitisCrepitus, anesthesia, rapid spread - EMERGENCY
Superficial thrombophlebitisAlong venous course
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2782

[SLIDE 28] CELLULITIS - MANAGEMENT

Outpatient (Non-purulent, mild-moderate):
  • Penicillin V or amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • Cephalexin (first-gen cephalosporin) - preferred
  • Dicloxacillin
Outpatient (if MRSA suspected / purulent):
  • TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
Inpatient IV (severe/systemic/failing oral):
  • Cefazolin or ceftriaxone - standard
  • Nafcillin / oxacillin - for MSSA
  • Vancomycin - MRSA / severe / penicillin allergy
  • Piperacillin-tazobactam or imipenem if polymicrobial suspected
Supportive:
  • Elevate affected limb
  • Mark the advancing border with pen to monitor response
  • Serial photography in inpatients
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2782-2783; IDSA 2014 Guidelines

[SLIDE 29] CELLULITIS - PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE

  • Treat underlying predisposing factors (tinea pedis, lymphedema, leg edema)
  • Compression stockings for lymphedema / chronic edema
  • Maintain skin integrity - moisturize, avoid trauma
  • Secondary prophylaxis (recurrent cellulitis ≥3 episodes/year):
    • Penicillin V 250 mg twice daily (IDSA recommended)
    • Erythromycin if penicillin allergic
  • Weight management (obesity is a risk factor)
  • Optimize glycemic control in diabetics
Systematic Review: Jacka et al., Australas J Dermatol, 2025 (PMID 40530782)


SECTION 6 - ERYTHRASMA


[SLIDE 30] ERYTHRASMA - DEFINITION & ETIOLOGY

Definition:
  • Superficial bacterial infection of the skin characterized by well-defined reddish-brown patches in intertriginous areas
Etiology:
  • Corynebacterium minutissimum - gram-positive diphtheroid rod
  • Produces coproporphyrin III → characteristic fluorescence
  • Produces two serine proteases
Epidemiology:
  • More common in tropical climates
  • Males > Females
  • Predisposed: obesity, diabetes, immunosuppression (HIV)
  • In immunocompromised: may cause bacteremia, cellulitis, costochondral abscess
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2771

[SLIDE 31] ERYTHRASMA - CLINICAL FEATURES

Sites of Involvement:
  • Web spaces of toes (4th-5th most common): white hyperkeratotic macerated plaque
  • Genitocrural area, axillae, inframammary region: reddish-brown, finely scaled, "cigarette paper" thin patches
  • Intergluteal cleft, perianal skin
  • Lesions are well-demarcated with uniform appearance (unlike tinea which has central clearing)
Symptoms:
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Genitocrural form: may itch and burn
Diagnostic Sign:
  • Wood's lamp: Coral-red fluorescence (coproporphyrin III)
  • Wash area before exam to avoid false-negative
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 337; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2771

[SLIDE 32] ERYTHRASMA - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionFeature
Tinea crurisKOH positive; central clearing; scaling edge
Candidal intertrigoSatellite pustules; KOH positive
IntertrigoNo Wood's lamp fluorescence
Seborrheic dermatitisYellow greasy scales; scalp, face
Inverse psoriasisSmooth, glazed plaques; psoriasis elsewhere
Lichen simplex chronicusLichenification; pruritus

[SLIDE 33] ERYTHRASMA - MANAGEMENT

Topical (localized):
  • Topical erythromycin solution or gel - first-line
  • Topical clindamycin
  • Fusidic acid cream
  • Whitfield's ointment (alternative)
Oral (widespread / refractory):
  • Erythromycin 250 mg four times daily for 14 days - effective
  • Clarithromycin 1 g single dose - equally effective, better compliance
  • Tetracyclines: alternative option
Prevention:
  • Keep intertriginous areas dry
  • Lose weight; control diabetes
  • Absorbent powders; loose-fitting clothing
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 348; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2771


SECTION 7 - PITTED KERATOLYSIS


[SLIDE 34] PITTED KERATOLYSIS - DEFINITION & ETIOLOGY

Definition:
  • Bacterial infection of the plantar stratum corneum characterized by small crateriform pits on pressure-bearing areas of feet
Etiology:
  • Kytococcus sedentarius (formerly Micrococcus sedentarius) - primary organism
  • Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium spp. also implicated
  • Produces two serine proteases that degrade keratin
  • Male:Female ratio approximately 8:1
  • Tropical climates >> temperate climates
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 397; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2770

[SLIDE 35] PITTED KERATOLYSIS - CLINICAL FEATURES

  • Shallow, discrete, round pits 1-3 mm in diameter (some >0.7 mm)
  • Located on pressure-bearing areas: ball of foot, heel, plantar surface of toes
  • Pits coalesce → large defect with serpiginous borders
  • Web spaces also involved (may be the only site)
  • Usually asymptomatic but:
    • Malodorous (2/3 of patients) - characteristic fetid odor
    • Sliminess - feet stick to socks (70%)
    • Pain, burning, irritation (1/3 of patients)
  • Histology: keratin pits lined by cocci and filamentous bacteria
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 397; Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2770

[SLIDE 36] PITTED KERATOLYSIS - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionFeature
Tinea pedisKOH positive; scaling; vesicles
Verruca plantarisInterrupted skin lines; thrombosed capillaries
Palmoplantar keratodermaHereditary/acquired; diffuse thickening
Interdigital erythrasmaCoral-red fluorescence on Wood's lamp

[SLIDE 37] PITTED KERATOLYSIS - MANAGEMENT

Topical Antibiotics (curative):
  • Topical erythromycin - first-line
  • Topical clindamycin
  • Topical mupirocin
Antifungal alternatives (effective despite bacterial etiology):
  • Miconazole or clotrimazole cream
  • Whitfield's ointment
Adjuncts:
  • 5% benzoyl peroxide gel
  • 10-20% aluminum chloride solution (anti-hyperhidrosis)
  • Botulinum toxin injection if associated hyperhidrosis
Prevention:
  • Keep feet dry; change socks frequently
  • Breathable footwear; avoid occlusive shoes
  • Absorbent foot powders
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 406


[SLIDE 38] COMPARATIVE SUMMARY TABLE

DiseaseCausative OrganismKey LesionDx PearlFirst-Line Rx
ImpetigoS. aureus / S. pyogenesHoney crustCultureMupirocin / Cefalexin
EcthymaS. pyogenes / S. aureusPunched ulcer + thick crustClinicalDicloxacillin / Cephalosporin
FolliculitisS. aureusPerifollicular pustuleCultureTopical/Oral anti-staph
FurunculosisS. aureus (MRSA)Fluctuant abscessCultureI&D + TMP-SMX/Clindamycin
CellulitisStreptococci / S. aureusIll-defined erythemaALT-70 scoreCephalexin / Clindamycin
ErysipelasS. pyogenesSharp-border erythemaClinicalPenicillin / Amoxicillin
ErythrasmaC. minutissimumBrown intertriginous patchWood's lamp (coral-red)Topical erythromycin / Clarithromycin
Pitted keratolysisK. sedentariusPlantar pits + odorClinicalTopical erythromycin / Clindamycin

[SLIDE 39] KEY REFERENCES

  1. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, James WD et al., Elsevier, 12e (9780323547536)
  2. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, Kang S et al., McGraw-Hill, 9e (9780071837781) - Chapters 150, 151
  3. IDSA Clinical Practice Guidelines for Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections, Stevens DL et al., Clin Infect Dis, 2014
  4. Jacka J et al., "Systematic Review of Cellulitis Guidelines: Non-Pharmacological Management in Preventing Recurrence," Australas J Dermatol, 2025 (PMID 40530782)
  5. Dermatology 2-Volume Set, Bolognia JL et al., 5e (9780702082252)

FORMAT NOTES FOR PPT:
  • Each [SLIDE X] block = one slide
  • Tables can be inserted as PowerPoint tables
  • Bullet points map directly to text boxes
  • Section headers (SECTION 1, 2 etc.) can be used as divider/transition slides
  • Bold text = slide headings or key terms to highlight
  • References slide can be reduced to key 3-4 per disease if needed

Separate this diseases into superficial infections Follicular infection Dermal and subcutaneous infections

Here is the classification of the diseases by anatomical depth of infection:

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY DEPTH


🔲 [SLIDE - CLASSIFICATION OVERVIEW]

COMMON CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Classified by Anatomical Depth

SKIN SURFACE / STRATUM CORNEUM
│
├── SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS
│     ├── Impetigo (sub-corneal / intra-epidermal)
│     ├── Ecthyma (full-thickness epidermis → upper dermis)
│     ├── Erythrasma (stratum corneum - intertriginous)
│     └── Pitted Keratolysis (stratum corneum - plantar)
│
├── FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS
│     ├── Folliculitis - Superficial (Impetigo of Bockhart)
│     ├── Folliculitis - Deep (Sycosis Barbae)
│     └── Furunculosis & Carbuncle (perifollicular → abscess)
│
└── DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
      ├── Erysipelas (superficial dermis + lymphatics)
      └── Cellulitis (deep dermis + subcutaneous tissue)
Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e | Andrews' Diseases of the Skin


CATEGORY A: SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS

(Involve stratum corneum and/or epidermis only)

[SLIDE] SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS - OVERVIEW

DiseaseDepthOrganismsScarring?
ImpetigoSub-corneal / intra-epidermalS. aureus, S. pyogenesNo
EcthymaFull epidermis → superficial dermisS. pyogenes, S. aureusYes
ErythrasmaStratum corneum (intertriginous)C. minutissimumNo
Pitted KeratolysisStratum corneum (plantar)K. sedentariusNo

[SLIDE] 1. IMPETIGO

Definition: Most common superficial bacterial skin infection; sub-corneal split
Etiology: S. aureus (50-70%), S. pyogenes, or combined
Types:
  • Non-bullous: honey-colored crust, perioral/perinasal
  • Bullous: large fragile bullae → impetigo circinata; exfoliative toxin A/B cleave desmoglein-1
Differential: Tinea corporis, herpes simplex, contact dermatitis, pemphigus
Management:
  • Topical: Mupirocin 2%, retapamulin, fusidic acid
  • Oral: Cefalexin, dicloxacillin; TMP-SMX/clindamycin if MRSA
Prevention: Hand hygiene, cover lesions, prophylactic antibiotic ointment to trauma sites
Complication: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (2-5%); treatment does NOT prevent AGN

[SLIDE] 2. ECTHYMA

Definition: Ulcerative pyoderma - impetigo going deeper; penetrates full epidermis into dermis
Etiology: S. pyogenes primary; S. aureus in IVDU/HIV
Clinical:
  • Begins as vesicopustule → adherent oyster-shell crust
  • Removal reveals saucer-shaped ulcer with violaceous raised edges
  • Lower extremities; heals with scar
Differential: Impetigo (no scar), HSV, ecthyma gangrenosum (Pseudomonas), leishmaniasis
Management: Warm soaks + mupirocin topically; dicloxacillin/cefalexin orally; TMP-SMX if MRSA

[SLIDE] 3. ERYTHRASMA

Definition: Superficial infection of the stratum corneum in intertriginous areas
Etiology: Corynebacterium minutissimum - produces coproporphyrin III
Clinical:
  • Well-demarcated reddish-brown "cigarette paper" patches
  • Toe webs (white macerated), genitocrural, axillae, inframammary
  • Usually asymptomatic; coral-red fluorescence on Wood's lamp
Differential: Tinea cruris (KOH+), candidiasis (satellite pustules), inverse psoriasis, intertrigo
Management:
  • Topical erythromycin or clindamycin
  • Oral: Clarithromycin 1 g single dose OR erythromycin 250 mg QID x 14 days

[SLIDE] 4. PITTED KERATOLYSIS

Definition: Bacterial infection of plantar stratum corneum with characteristic pits
Etiology: Kytococcus sedentarius; also Dermatophilus congolensis, Corynebacterium spp.
Clinical:
  • 1-3 mm crateriform pits on pressure-bearing plantar surface
  • Coalesce → serpiginous large defects
  • Malodorous (67%), slimy feet (70%), usually asymptomatic
Differential: Tinea pedis (KOH+), verruca plantaris, palmoplantar keratoderma
Management:
  • Topical: erythromycin, clindamycin, mupirocin, benzoyl peroxide 5%
  • Aluminum chloride 10-20% if hyperhidrosis
  • Keep feet dry; breathable footwear


CATEGORY B: FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS

(Involve hair follicle as primary anatomical target)

[SLIDE] FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS - OVERVIEW

DiseaseDepthPrimary OrganismKey Feature
Superficial folliculitisFollicular ostiumS. aureusThin-walled pustule at follicle opening
Deep folliculitis / Sycosis barbaeDeep follicle + perifollicularS. aureusChronic; beard area; scarring possible
FurunclePerifollicular + surrounding dermisS. aureus / MRSAPainful abscess; fluctuant
CarbuncleConfluent furuncles + deep dermisS. aureus / MRSAMultiple heads; systemic features

[SLIDE] 5. FOLLICULITIS

Definition: Infection of hair follicles - superficial (ostium) or deep (entire follicle)
Etiology: S. aureus most common; also Pseudomonas (hot tub), gram-negatives (post-antibiotic acne Rx)
Clinical:
  • Impetigo of Bockhart: Thin-walled yellowish-white pustule at follicle orifice; crops; extremities/scalp
  • Staphylococcal folliculitis: Any hair-bearing site; axillae, pubis, trunk
  • Sycosis barbae: Chronic deep pustular infection of beard; upper lip characteristic; atrophic scarring
Differential: Tinea barbae (KOH+; spares upper lip), acne vulgaris (comedones), pseudofolliculitis barbae (ingrown hairs in Black men), HSV sycosis (vesicles, short course)
Management:
  • Mild: Topical mupirocin, clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide wash, chlorhexidine, bleach baths
  • Severe/recurrent: Cefalexin, dicloxacillin; if MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline
  • Decolonization: Mupirocin to nares daily x 5 days, monthly

[SLIDE] 6. FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE

Definition:
  • Furuncle: Acute perifollicular staphylococcal abscess ending in central suppuration
  • Carbuncle: Two or more confluent furuncles with separate heads; deeper; systemic features
Etiology: S. aureus (MRSA increasingly common); nasal/perineal carriage is key reservoir
Clinical:
  • Sites: nape, axillae, buttocks; DANGER ZONE = upper lip/nose (cavernous sinus thrombosis risk)
  • Carbuncle: fever, malaise; heals with scar
Risk Factors: Diabetes, atopic dermatitis, HIV, dialysis, immunosuppression, isotretinoin
Differential: Hidradenitis suppurativa, infected sebaceous cyst, cystic acne, cutaneous anthrax
Management:
  • I&D - definitive for fluctuant lesions (even <5 cm: antibiotics + I&D > I&D alone per RCT)
  • Warm compresses for pre-fluctuant lesions
  • MSSA: dicloxacillin / cefalexin; MRSA: TMP-SMX / clindamycin / doxycycline
  • Facial furuncles (upper lip/nose): IV antibiotics, no squeezing
Prevention: Chlorhexidine 4% wash, bleach baths, mupirocin to nares, rifampin for carriage eradication


CATEGORY C: DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

(Involve the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue; deeper, potentially serious)

[SLIDE] DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS - OVERVIEW

DiseaseDepthPrimary OrganismsBordersSystemic Signs
ErysipelasSuperficial dermis + lymphaticsS. pyogenesSharp, well-defined, raisedFever, chills common
CellulitisDeep dermis + subcutisS. pyogenes, S. aureusIll-definedVariable

[SLIDE] 7. ERYSIPELAS

Definition: Superficial variant of cellulitis involving dermal lymphatics; sharply demarcated plaques
Etiology: Predominantly Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A); similar microbial profile to cellulitis in recent studies
Clinical:
  • Salmon-red, warm, painful edematous plaques with sharp, raised, palpable edge
  • Lower leg 76-90%, followed by face and upper extremity
  • Fever, chills more prominent than in cellulitis
  • Peau d'orange surface
Differential: Cellulitis (ill-defined border), contact dermatitis, necrotizing fasciitis (crepitus, anesthesia), angioedema, herpes zoster (pre-vesicular)
Management:
  • Penicillin V or amoxicillin (oral, mild)
  • Benzylpenicillin IV (severe)
  • Clindamycin or macrolides if penicillin allergic

[SLIDE] 8. CELLULITIS

Definition: Infection of deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue; ill-defined spreading erythema
Etiology: S. pyogenes and S. aureus most common; causative organism identified in <1/3 of cases
Clinical:
  • Ill-defined spreading erythema, edema, warmth, pain
  • Almost always unilateral lower extremity in adults
  • Lymphangitis, tender lymphadenopathy, skip areas
  • Bullae, superficial necrosis in severe cases
Diagnosis: ALT-70 score; clinical; blood culture if severe/immunocompromised (IDSA 2014)
Differential: DVT, stasis dermatitis, lipodermatosclerosis, gout, erythema migrans, erythema nodosum, necrotizing fasciitis (exclude urgently)
Management:
  • Outpatient (non-purulent): Cefalexin, dicloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate
  • Outpatient (MRSA/purulent): TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline
  • Inpatient IV: Cefazolin, vancomycin (MRSA), pip-tazo (polymicrobial)
  • Elevate limb; mark border; monitor response
Recurrence Prevention: Penicillin V 250 mg BD prophylaxis for ≥3 episodes/year

[SLIDE] DEPTH COMPARISON DIAGRAM

SKIN LAYERS          DISEASES
─────────────────────────────────────────────────
Stratum corneum  ─── Pitted Keratolysis
                     Erythrasma
Epidermis        ─── Impetigo (non-bullous, bullous)
                     Ecthyma (begins here)
─────────────────────────────────────────────────
Hair follicle    ─── Folliculitis (superficial & deep)
                     Sycosis barbae
Dermis           ─── Ecthyma (extends here)
                     Furuncle (perifollicular abscess)
                     Carbuncle (confluent furuncles)
                     Erysipelas (superficial dermis +
                       lymphatics)
─────────────────────────────────────────────────
Subcutaneous     ─── Cellulitis
tissue
─────────────────────────────────────────────────

[SLIDE] FINAL CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY

SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS (Epidermis / Stratum Corneum)
  • Impetigo - non-bullous and bullous
  • Ecthyma - ulcerative, epidermal to superficial dermis
  • Erythrasma - stratum corneum, intertriginous
  • Pitted Keratolysis - stratum corneum, plantar
FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS (Hair Follicle as Primary Target)
  • Folliculitis - superficial (Impetigo of Bockhart) and deep (Sycosis barbae)
  • Furunculosis - perifollicular abscess
  • Carbuncle - confluent furuncles, deep dermis
DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS (Deep Dermis / Subcutis)
  • Erysipelas - superficial dermis + lymphatics; sharp borders
  • Cellulitis - deep dermis + subcutaneous tissue; ill-defined borders

References: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e (Chapters 150, 151) | Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e | IDSA Guidelines 2014

Make a comprehensive PPT presentation with these disease classifications

Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Now I have enough to build the full presentation. Let me write the comprehensive PptxGenJS script:
Running Command

ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null || echo "workspace empty or not found"

Running Command

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt && ls /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt

Writing File

~/cutaneous-infections-ppt/build.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");

const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_WIDE"; // 13.3" x 7.5"
pres.title = "Common Cutaneous Bacterial Infections";
pres.author = "Dermatology";

// ─── COLOR PALETTE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Deep teal/navy medical theme
const C = {
  darkBg:      "0D2B45",   // dark navy – title/section slides
  midBg:       "1A4A6E",   // mid-navy – section dividers
  accent:      "2AAFB8",   // teal accent
  accentLight: "5BC8D0",   // lighter teal
  gold:        "E8B84B",   // gold highlight
  white:       "FFFFFF",
  offWhite:    "F0F6FA",
  textDark:    "0D2B45",
  textMid:     "2A4A65",
  lightGray:   "DDE8F0",
  superBg:     "E8F4F5",   // superficial – light teal tint
  follBg:      "FFF3E0",   // follicular – warm amber tint
  dermBg:      "F3E5F5",   // dermal – lavender tint
  superAccent: "2AAFB8",
  follAccent:  "E8930A",
  dermAccent:  "8E44AD",
};

// ─── HELPERS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

function titleSlide(slide) {
  // dark background
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
}

function addDividerBar(slide, color = C.accent) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.12, h: 7.5,
    fill: { color }, line: { color }
  });
}

function addBottomBar(slide, label, color = C.accent) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 7.1, w: 13.3, h: 0.4,
    fill: { color: C.darkBg }, line: { color: C.darkBg }
  });
  slide.addText(label, {
    x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 13, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 8, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle"
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}

function addSlideNum(slide, n) {
  slide.addText(String(n), {
    x: 12.8, y: 7.1, w: 0.4, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 8, color: "668899", align: "right", valign: "middle"
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}

function addCategoryBadge(slide, label, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.18, w: 2.8, h: 0.38,
    fill: { color }, line: { color }, rectRadius: 0.06
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  slide.addText(label.toUpperCase(), {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.18, w: 2.8, h: 0.38,
    fontSize: 8, bold: true, color: C.white,
    align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
}

function sectionHeader(pres, title, subtitle, color, bgColor) {
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: bgColor || C.darkBg };

  // left accent stripe
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.5, h: 7.5,
    fill: { color }, line: { color }
  });

  // large section number / icon area
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.5, y: 0, w: 4.5, h: 7.5,
    fill: { color, transparency: 85 }, line: { color, transparency: 85 }
  });

  slide.addText(title, {
    x: 1.2, y: 2.4, w: 11.5, h: 1.4,
    fontSize: 42, bold: true, color: C.white,
    fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  slide.addText(subtitle, {
    x: 1.2, y: 3.9, w: 9, h: 0.7,
    fontSize: 18, color: "AACCDD", italic: true
  });
  return slide;
}

// standard content slide
function contentSlide(pres, catColor, catLabel) {
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, catColor);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, catLabel, catColor);
  return slide;
}

function addSlideTitleBox(slide, title, catColor) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.12, y: 0.08, w: 13.18, h: 0.72,
    fill: { color: C.darkBg }, line: { color: C.darkBg }
  });
  slide.addText(title, {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.72,
    fontSize: 20, bold: true, color: C.white,
    valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  // accent underline
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.12, y: 0.80, w: 13.18, h: 0.06,
    fill: { color: catColor }, line: { color: catColor }
  });
}

function addBox(slide, x, y, w, h, fillColor, label, labelColor, textLines, textColor, accentBar) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x, y, w, h,
    fill: { color: fillColor },
    line: { color: accentBar || fillColor },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  if (accentBar) {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
      x, y, w: 0.08, h,
      fill: { color: accentBar }, line: { color: accentBar }
    });
  }
  if (label) {
    slide.addText(label, {
      x: x + (accentBar ? 0.14 : 0.08), y, w: w - (accentBar ? 0.22 : 0.16), h: 0.32,
      fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: labelColor || C.white,
      valign: "middle", margin: 0
    });
  }
  if (textLines && textLines.length) {
    const items = textLines.map((t, i) => ({
      text: t,
      options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", indent: 10 }, breakLine: i < textLines.length - 1, fontSize: 9.5, color: textColor || C.textDark }
    }));
    slide.addText(items, {
      x: x + (accentBar ? 0.18 : 0.1), y: y + 0.33, w: w - (accentBar ? 0.26 : 0.18), h: h - 0.38,
      valign: "top", margin: 0, fontSize: 9.5, color: textColor || C.textDark
    });
  }
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 – TITLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };

  // top accent strip
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });

  // left wide accent
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0.18, w: 4.6, h: 7.32, fill: { color: C.midBg }, line: { color: C.midBg } });

  // decorative circles
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: 0.3, y: 0.8, w: 2.5, h: 2.5, fill: { color: C.accent, transparency: 80 }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 80 } });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: 1.5, y: 3.5, w: 1.8, h: 1.8, fill: { color: C.gold, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.gold, transparency: 85 } });

  // category labels on left
  const cats = [
    { label: "SUPERFICIAL", color: C.superAccent, y: 2.3 },
    { label: "FOLLICULAR", color: C.follAccent, y: 3.0 },
    { label: "DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS", color: C.dermAccent, y: 3.7 },
  ];
  cats.forEach(c => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.3, y: c.y, w: 3.8, h: 0.42, fill: { color: c.color, transparency: 20 }, line: { color: c.color } });
    slide.addText(c.label, { x: 0.3, y: c.y, w: 3.8, h: 0.42, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  });

  // main title
  slide.addText("COMMON CUTANEOUS", {
    x: 4.9, y: 1.2, w: 8.1, h: 0.9,
    fontSize: 36, bold: true, color: C.accent, fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 3
  });
  slide.addText("BACTERIAL INFECTIONS", {
    x: 4.9, y: 2.05, w: 8.1, h: 0.9,
    fontSize: 36, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 3
  });

  // divider line
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 4.9, y: 3.1, w: 7.8, h: 0.04, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { color: C.gold } });

  slide.addText("Evidence-Based Classification by Anatomical Depth", {
    x: 4.9, y: 3.3, w: 8.1, h: 0.5,
    fontSize: 15, italic: true, color: "AACCDD"
  });

  slide.addText([
    { text: "References: ", options: { bold: true } },
    { text: "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e  |  Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014" }
  ], {
    x: 4.9, y: 4.1, w: 8.1, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 9.5, color: "88AABB"
  });

  // bottom bar
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 7.1, w: 13.3, h: 0.4, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 – CLASSIFICATION OVERVIEW
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });

  slide.addText("CLASSIFICATION BY ANATOMICAL DEPTH", {
    x: 0.4, y: 0.3, w: 12.5, h: 0.7,
    fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, charSpacing: 2
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.4, y: 1.0, w: 12.5, h: 0.04, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { color: C.gold } });

  // 3 category boxes
  const catData = [
    {
      x: 0.4, color: C.superAccent, label: "A  SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS",
      sub: "Epidermis & Stratum Corneum",
      diseases: ["Impetigo", "Ecthyma", "Erythrasma", "Pitted Keratolysis"],
      icon: "🔬"
    },
    {
      x: 4.8, color: C.follAccent, label: "B  FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS",
      sub: "Hair Follicle as Primary Target",
      diseases: ["Folliculitis", "Sycosis Barbae", "Furunculosis", "Carbuncle"],
      icon: "🧫"
    },
    {
      x: 9.1, color: C.dermAccent, label: "C  DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS",
      sub: "Deep Dermis & Subcutis",
      diseases: ["Erysipelas", "Cellulitis"],
      icon: "🏥"
    }
  ];

  catData.forEach(c => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
      x: c.x, y: 1.2, w: 4.0, h: 5.6,
      fill: { color: c.color, transparency: 90 },
      line: { color: c.color, transparency: 30 }
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    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
      x: c.x, y: 1.2, w: 4.0, h: 0.7,
      fill: { color: c.color },
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      x: c.x + 0.1, y: 1.2, w: 3.8, h: 0.7,
      fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
    });
    slide.addText(c.sub, {
      x: c.x + 0.1, y: 2.0, w: 3.8, h: 0.4,
      fontSize: 10, italic: true, color: "BBCCDD"
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      slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
        x: c.x + 0.15, y: 2.55 + i * 0.75, w: 3.7, h: 0.58,
        fill: { color: C.white, transparency: 15 },
        line: { color: c.color, transparency: 50 }
      });
      slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
        x: c.x + 0.15, y: 2.55 + i * 0.75, w: 0.08, h: 0.58,
        fill: { color: c.color }, line: { color: c.color }
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        fontSize: 11, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
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  // depth arrow on right
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 7.1, w: 13.3, h: 0.4, fill: { color: C.midBg }, line: { color: C.midBg } });
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    fontSize: 8, color: "668899", italic: true, valign: "middle"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION A DIVIDER – SUPERFICIAL
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionHeader(pres,
  "SECTION A: SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS",
  "Epidermis & Stratum Corneum  |  Impetigo · Ecthyma · Erythrasma · Pitted Keratolysis",
  C.superAccent, "0A2E32"
);

// ─── SLIDE: IMPETIGO ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.superAccent, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "IMPETIGO", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 300-302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");
  addSlideNum(slide, 4);

  // Definition box
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    fill: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 85 },
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      lines: [
        "S. aureus: 50-70% (exfoliative toxins A/B; cleave desmoglein-1)",
        "S. pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – alone or combined",
        "Bullous: exclusively S. aureus phage group 2",
        "Neonatal: Group B streptococci",
        "Streptococci early → staphylococci as lesion matures"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Non-bullous: honey-golden crust on erythematous base",
        "Perioral, perinasal; crops of vesicles → pustules → crust",
        "Bullous: large fragile bullae (axillae, groin, face)",
        "Rupture → circinate weepy/crusted erosions",
        "Regional lymphadenopathy (streptococcal)",
        "Complication: Post-streptococcal GN (2-5%)"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Tinea corporis – scaling, KOH positive",
        "Herpes simplex – vesicles, recurrence at same site",
        "Contact dermatitis – linear, geometric, itch > infection",
        "Pemphigus – older patients, Nikolsky positive",
        "Varicella – centripetal, systemic symptoms",
        "Ecthyma – punched-out ulcer with thick crust"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Soak & debride crusts with warm compresses",
        "Topical: Mupirocin 2%, retapamulin, fusidic acid",
        "Oral (widespread): Cefalexin, dicloxacillin",
        "MRSA: TMP-SMX or clindamycin",
        "Prevention: hand hygiene, antibiotic ointment to trauma sites",
        "Treat household contacts if recurrent"
      ]
    }
  ];

  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: ECTHYMA ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.superAccent, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "ECTHYMA", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");
  addSlideNum(slide, 5);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText('DEFINITION: Ulcerative pyoderma — "impetigo going deeper"; penetrates full epidermis into upper dermis; heals with SCAR', {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "S. pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – primary",
        "S. aureus – urban areas, IVDU, HIV patients",
        "Risk: malnutrition, uncleanliness, trauma",
        "Debilitated, immunocompromised patients"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Begins as vesicle/vesicopustule on erythematous base",
        "Enlarges → thick adherent 'oyster-shell' crust",
        "Removal reveals saucer-shaped punched-out ulcer",
        "Raised violaceous edges + raw base",
        "Lower extremities, buttocks most common",
        "Local adenopathy; heals with SCAR",
        "Rarely → gangrene in debilitated patients"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Impetigo – superficial; no scar",
        "Herpes simplex – vesicular, grouped, Tzanck+",
        "Ecthyma gangrenosum – Pseudomonas, immunocompromised",
        "Cutaneous leishmaniasis – travel history, smear+",
        "Ulcerating SCC – rolled irregular edges, chronic",
        "Pyoderma gangrenosum – violaceous undermined edge"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Warm soaks → remove crust gently",
        "Clean with soap and water",
        "Topical: mupirocin, retapamulin, bacitracin BD",
        "Oral: Dicloxacillin or cefalexin",
        "MRSA: TMP-SMX or clindamycin",
        "Adjust per culture & sensitivity",
        "Address nutrition, hygiene, immunosuppression"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: ERYTHRASMA ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.superAccent, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "ERYTHRASMA", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 337-348  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2771");
  addSlideNum(slide, 6);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("DEFINITION: Superficial infection of the stratum corneum in intertriginous areas caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Corynebacterium minutissimum (gram+ diphtheroid rod)",
        "Produces coproporphyrin III → coral-red fluorescence",
        "Serine protease activity",
        "More common in: tropical climates, obesity, DM, HIV",
        "Males > Females",
        "Immunocompromised: may cause bacteremia, cellulitis"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Toe webs (4th-5th): white hyperkeratotic macerated plaque",
        "Genitocrural, axillae, inframammary: reddish-brown patches",
        "'Cigarette paper' thin, finely scaled, well-demarcated",
        "Uniform (no central clearing – unlike tinea)",
        "Usually ASYMPTOMATIC; genitocrural form may itch",
        "KEY: Wood's lamp → CORAL-RED fluorescence",
        "Wash before exam may eliminate fluorescence!"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Tinea cruris – KOH positive; central clearing; scaling edge",
        "Candidal intertrigo – satellite pustules; KOH+",
        "Intertrigo – no Wood's lamp fluorescence",
        "Seborrheic dermatitis – yellow greasy scales",
        "Inverse psoriasis – smooth glazed plaques; psoriasis elsewhere",
        "Lichen simplex chronicus – lichenification, intense itch"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Topical (localised): erythromycin or clindamycin – 1st line",
        "Topical fusidic acid – alternative",
        "Whitfield's ointment – alternative",
        "Oral (widespread/refractory):",
        "• Clarithromycin 1 g SINGLE DOSE",
        "• Erythromycin 250 mg QID × 14 days",
        "Prevention: keep dry, weight loss, control DM"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: PITTED KERATOLYSIS ────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.superAccent, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "PITTED KERATOLYSIS", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 397-406  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2770");
  addSlideNum(slide, 7);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.superAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("DEFINITION: Bacterial infection of the plantar stratum corneum; small crateriform pits on pressure-bearing areas with characteristic malodour", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Kytococcus sedentarius (primary organism)",
        "Also: Dermatophilus congolensis, Corynebacterium spp.",
        "Produces serine proteases → keratin degradation",
        "Male : Female ≈ 8:1",
        "Predisposed: hyperhidrosis, occlusive footwear",
        "More common in tropical climates",
        "Athletes, soldiers, workers in occlusive shoes"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "1–3 mm shallow crateriform pits (pressure-bearing areas)",
        "Pits coalesce → large defect with serpiginous borders",
        "Ball of foot, heel, plantar toes; web spaces",
        "Characteristic MALODOUR (2/3 of patients)",
        "Feet stick to socks – sliminess (70%)",
        "Pain/burning/irritation (1/3 of patients)",
        "Histology: keratin pits with cocci + filamentous bacteria"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Tinea pedis – KOH positive; scaling; vesicles",
        "Verruca plantaris – interrupted skin lines; capillaries",
        "Palmoplantar keratoderma – diffuse, hereditary/acquired",
        "Interdigital erythrasma – Wood's lamp coral-red",
        "Plantar psoriasis – silvery scale, nail changes"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.superAccent,
      lines: [
        "Topical erythromycin – first-line (curative)",
        "Topical clindamycin or mupirocin",
        "Miconazole / clotrimazole cream – alternatives",
        "5% benzoyl peroxide gel",
        "10-20% aluminium chloride (hyperhidrosis)",
        "Botulinum toxin if severe hyperhidrosis",
        "Prevention: dry feet, breathable footwear, absorbent powder"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION B DIVIDER – FOLLICULAR
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionHeader(pres,
  "SECTION B: FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS",
  "Hair Follicle as Primary Target  |  Folliculitis · Sycosis Barbae · Furunculosis · Carbuncle",
  C.follAccent, "2B1800"
);

// ─── SLIDE: FOLLICULITIS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.follAccent, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "FOLLICULITIS  (including SYCOSIS BARBAE)", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301-302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");
  addSlideNum(slide, 9);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 88 }, line: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("DEFINITION: Infection/inflammation of hair follicles – superficial (ostium) or deep (entire follicle + perifollicular tissue)", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "S. aureus – most common (MRSA increasingly)",
        "Pseudomonas aeruginosa – hot tub folliculitis",
        "Gram-negative – after prolonged acne antibiotics",
        "Malassezia – Pityrosporum folliculitis (not bacterial)",
        "Demodex spp. – Demodex folliculitis"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Superficial (Impetigo of Bockhart): thin-walled yellow-white pustule at follicle orifice; crops; extremities/scalp",
        "Deep staphylococcal: any hair-bearing site; trunk, axillae, pubis",
        "Sycosis Barbae: chronic perifollicular pustules in beard; upper lip first; burning/itching; may scar",
        "Associated blepharitis + conjunctivitis in severe sycosis"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Tinea barbae – KOH+; spares upper lip",
        "Acne vulgaris – comedones; no hair-piercing pustule",
        "Pseudofolliculitis barbae – ingrown hairs; Black men",
        "HSV sycosis – vesicles; short course; Tzanck+",
        "Demodex folliculitis – mites on microscopy",
        "Rosacea – flushing; telangiectasia; no follicular pustule"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Mild/topical: mupirocin, clindamycin, retapamulin",
        "Benzoyl peroxide 5-10% wash",
        "Chlorhexidine 4% wash; bleach baths (½ cup/40-gal tub)",
        "Aluminium chloride anhydrous – chronic buttock folliculitis",
        "Systemic: cefalexin, dicloxacillin",
        "MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline",
        "Decolonisation: mupirocin to nares × 5 days/month"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE ─────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.follAccent, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");
  addSlideNum(slide, 10);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 88 }, line: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("Furuncle (Boil): acute perifollicular abscess with central suppuration  |  Carbuncle: confluent furuncles with multiple heads", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "S. aureus – principal (MRSA increasingly common)",
        "Nasal/perineal carriage – key reservoir",
        "Risk: DM, atopic dermatitis, HIV/AIDS",
        "Alcoholism, malnutrition, renal dialysis",
        "Immunosuppressants; isotretinoin therapy",
        "Neutrophil dysfunction disorders",
        "Hospital-acquired MRSA – multidrug resistant"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Acute round tender perifollicular abscess",
        "Sites: nape, axillae, buttocks, face",
        "⚠ DANGER ZONE: upper lip & nose (cavernous sinus thrombosis!)",
        "Central necrosis → rupture with purulent/necrotic discharge",
        "Carbuncle: confluent; systemic features (fever, malaise)",
        "Recurrences common; autoinoculation from carrier sites"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Hidradenitis suppurativa – axillae/groins; tunnels; scarring",
        "Infected sebaceous cyst – cheesy material; no follicular origin",
        "Cystic acne – face; comedones; chronic",
        "Cutaneous anthrax – eschar; exposure history",
        "Inflamed epidermal inclusion cyst – prior cyst history",
        "Lymphadenitis – deeper; no skin origin"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.follAccent,
      lines: [
        "Warm compresses – pre-fluctuant lesions",
        "I&D – definitive for fluctuant abscess (even <5 cm)",
        "RCT evidence: I&D + clindamycin or TMP-SMX > I&D alone",
        "MSSA: dicloxacillin, cefalexin",
        "MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline, linezolid",
        "Facial furuncles: IV antibiotics; DO NOT SQUEEZE",
        "Prevention: chlorhexidine wash, bleach baths, nasal mupirocin"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: FURUNCULOSIS PREVENTION ──────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.follAccent, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "FURUNCULOSIS — PREVENTION & DECOLONISATION", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 303");
  addSlideNum(slide, 11);

  // two panel layout
  // left: prevention steps
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 1.0, w: 6.1, h: 5.9,
    fill: { color: C.white },
    line: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 40 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 1.0, w: 6.1, h: 0.45, fill: { color: C.follAccent }, line: { color: C.follAccent } });
  slide.addText("HYGIENE & SKIN CARE", { x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 5.9, h: 0.45, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const prevSteps = [
    "Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash (axillae, groin, perianal) × 1 week",
    "Bleach baths (sodium hypochlorite 0.005%): ½ cup/40-gallon tub, 3×/week",
    "Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)",
    "Frequent handwashing throughout day",
    "Avoid sharing towels, clothing, razors, sports equipment",
    "Do NOT share moisturiser containers (re-inoculation risk in AD)",
    "Keep fingernails short and clean",
    "Address skin barrier: treat atopic dermatitis aggressively"
  ];
  slide.addText(prevSteps.map((t, i) => ({
    text: t, options: { bullet: { type: "bullet" }, breakLine: i < prevSteps.length - 1, fontSize: 10, color: C.textDark }
  })), { x: 0.35, y: 1.55, w: 5.8, h: 5.2, valign: "top", margin: 0 });

  // right: decolonisation regimens
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 6.8, y: 1.0, w: 6.28, h: 5.9,
    fill: { color: C.white },
    line: { color: C.follAccent, transparency: 40 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.8, y: 1.0, w: 6.28, h: 0.45, fill: { color: C.follAccent }, line: { color: C.follAccent } });
  slide.addText("DECOLONISATION REGIMENS", { x: 6.88, y: 1.0, w: 6.1, h: 0.45, fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const decolSteps = [
    "Mupirocin ointment to anterior nares BD × 5 days; repeat monthly",
    "MSSA regimen: Rifampin 10 days + Dicloxacillin (concurrent)",
    "MRSA regimen: Rifampin 10 days + TMP-SMX (concurrent)",
    "Long-term suppression: Clindamycin low-dose × 3 months",
    "Bacitracin ointment to nares BD during isotretinoin therapy",
    "Treat all household members and close contacts",
    "Repeat cultures to confirm eradication",
    "Indications: recurrent infections, spread to others, high-risk household"
  ];
  slide.addText(decolSteps.map((t, i) => ({
    text: t, options: { bullet: { type: "bullet" }, breakLine: i < decolSteps.length - 1, fontSize: 10, color: C.textDark }
  })), { x: 6.93, y: 1.55, w: 6.0, h: 5.2, valign: "top", margin: 0 });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION C DIVIDER – DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionHeader(pres,
  "SECTION C: DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS",
  "Deep Dermis & Subcutaneous Tissue  |  Erysipelas · Cellulitis",
  C.dermAccent, "1A0B2E"
);

// ─── SLIDE: ERYSIPELAS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.dermAccent, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "ERYSIPELAS", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, Ch. 151, p. 2775-2783  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014");
  addSlideNum(slide, 13);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 88 }, line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("DEFINITION: Superficial dermis + lymphatic vessel infection with SHARPLY DEMARCATED raised borders. Variant of cellulitis — more superficial", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – classic",
        "Recent studies: similar microbial profile to cellulitis",
        "Groups B, C, G streptococci – less common",
        "Portal of entry: toe web infections (most common)",
        "Found in 62% of cases"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Salmon-red, painful, edematous plaques",
        "KEY: SHARP, RAISED, PALPABLE BORDER",
        "Peau d'orange surface appearance",
        "Leg 76-90%; also face and upper extremity",
        "Fever, chills, malaise more prominent than cellulitis",
        "Facial: butterfly distribution, edematous",
        "Recurrence observed; systemic complications uncommon"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Cellulitis – ill-defined border (KEY distinguishing feature)",
        "Necrotizing fasciitis – crepitus, anesthesia, rapid spread (EMERGENCY)",
        "Contact/eczematous dermatitis – scaling, pruritus, no fever",
        "Angioedema – bilateral, no fever, no erythema",
        "Herpes zoster (pre-vesicular) – dermatomal",
        "Gout – overlies joint, crystals on aspiration"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Mild/outpatient: Penicillin V or amoxicillin oral",
        "Moderate: Benzylpenicillin IV",
        "Penicillin allergy: clindamycin or macrolides",
        "Elevate affected limb",
        "Mark advancing border to monitor response",
        "Prophylaxis for recurrence: Penicillin V 250 mg BD",
        "Treat predisposing factors (tinea pedis, oedema)"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: CELLULITIS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.dermAccent, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "CELLULITIS", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, Ch. 151, p. 2775-2783  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014");
  addSlideNum(slide, 14);

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 12.86, h: 0.52,
    fill: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 88 }, line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 50 }
  });
  slide.addText("DEFINITION: Infection of deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue; ILL-DEFINED spreading erythema; unilateral lower extremity most common", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 12.7, h: 0.52,
    fontSize: 10.5, italic: true, color: C.textDark, valign: "middle"
  });

  const boxes = [
    {
      x: 0.22, label: "ETIOLOGY", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "S. pyogenes + S. aureus (incl. MRSA) – most common",
        "Causative organism found in <1/3 of cases",
        "Bite wounds: Pasteurella, Eikenella, Capnocytophaga",
        "Aquatic: Aeromonas, Vibrio vulnificus, M. marinum",
        "Immunocompromised: gram-negatives, Pseudomonas, fungi",
        "Polymicrobial in diabetics/surgical wounds"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 3.47, label: "CLINICAL FEATURES", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Spreading ILL-DEFINED erythema, oedema, warmth, pain",
        "ALMOST ALWAYS UNILATERAL (bilateral → seek other diagnosis)",
        "Lower extremity in adults; face in children",
        "Lymphangitis, skip areas, peau d'orange",
        "Bullae + superficial necrosis in severe cases",
        "⚠ Crepitus/anesthesia/pain out of proportion → NECROTISING FASCIITIS"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 6.72, label: "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "DVT / post-thrombotic syndrome – Duplex USS",
        "Stasis dermatitis – bilateral, scaling, pruritus",
        "Lipodermatosclerosis – inverted champagne bottle leg",
        "Gout/pseudogout – overlies joint; crystals",
        "Erythema migrans – annular; tick exposure",
        "Erythema nodosum – nodules; bilateral shins",
        "Necrotizing fasciitis – EXCLUDE URGENTLY (crepitus)"
      ]
    },
    {
      x: 9.97, label: "MANAGEMENT", color: C.dermAccent,
      lines: [
        "Outpatient non-purulent: cefalexin, dicloxacillin",
        "Outpatient purulent/MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline",
        "Inpatient IV: cefazolin/ceftriaxone; vancomycin (MRSA)",
        "Severe/polymicrobial: pip-tazo or imipenem",
        "Elevate limb; mark border; serial photography",
        "Prophylaxis (≥3 episodes/year): Penicillin V 250 mg BD",
        "IDSA 2014: do NOT routinely culture blood/swabs/aspirates"
      ]
    }
  ];
  boxes.forEach(b => {
    addBox(slide, b.x, 1.58, 3.1, 5.3, C.white, b.label, b.color, b.lines, C.textDark, b.color);
  });
}

// ─── SLIDE: CELLULITIS DIAGNOSIS ─────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  const slide = contentSlide(pres, C.dermAccent, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS");
  addSlideTitleBox(slide, "CELLULITIS — DIAGNOSIS & ALT-70 SCORE", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2780-2781  |  IDSA 2014");
  addSlideNum(slide, 15);

  // ALT-70 box
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 6.2, h: 5.9,
    fill: { color: C.white },
    line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 30 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 0.95, w: 6.2, h: 0.48, fill: { color: C.dermAccent }, line: { color: C.dermAccent } });
  slide.addText("ALT-70 RISK PREDICTION SCORE", { x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 6.0, h: 0.48, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const altRows = [
    [{ text: "PARAMETER", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } }, { text: "POINTS", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } }],
    [{ text: "Asymmetry (unilateral involvement)", options: {} }, { text: "3 pts", options: { bold: true, color: C.dermAccent } }],
    [{ text: "Leukocytosis ≥ 10,000 cells/μL", options: {} }, { text: "1 pt", options: { bold: true, color: C.dermAccent } }],
    [{ text: "Tachycardia ≥ 90 beats/min", options: {} }, { text: "1 pt", options: { bold: true, color: C.dermAccent } }],
    [{ text: "Age ≥ 70 years", options: {} }, { text: "2 pts", options: { bold: true, color: C.dermAccent } }],
  ];
  slide.addTable(altRows, {
    x: 0.35, y: 1.52, w: 5.95, h: 2.0,
    border: { pt: 0.5, color: "CCDDEE" },
    fill: { color: "F5FAFF" },
    colW: [4.2, 1.75],
    fontSize: 10
  });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.35, y: 3.65, w: 5.95, h: 0.5, fill: { color: "E8F5F6" }, line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 50 } });
  slide.addText("Score 0-2 → NPV > 83% (likely NOT cellulitis)", { x: 0.45, y: 3.67, w: 5.75, h: 0.25, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.textDark });
  slide.addText("Score ≥ 5 → PPV > 82% (likely cellulitis)", { x: 0.45, y: 3.9, w: 5.75, h: 0.25, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.textDark });

  const diagLines = [
    "Diagnosis is primarily CLINICAL",
    "Misdiagnosis rate >30% in ED/hospital settings",
    "Dermatology consultation improves accuracy",
    "CBC: leukocytosis in 34-50% (non-specific)",
    "ESR/CRP elevated in >75% (non-specific)",
    "Blood cultures: positive in only ~5% (reserve for high-risk)",
    "Skin needle aspirate: low yield (5-40%)",
    "IDSA 2014: do NOT routinely culture blood/swabs",
    "Abscess/pustule culture: recommended",
    "Ultrasound: identifies fluid collections for I&D",
    "MRI: differentiates cellulitis from necrotising fasciitis"
  ];
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.35, y: 4.25, w: 5.95, h: 0.38, fill: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 60 } });
  slide.addText("SUPPORTIVE INVESTIGATIONS", { x: 0.45, y: 4.25, w: 5.75, h: 0.38, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.dermAccent, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  slide.addText(diagLines.map((t, i) => ({
    text: t, options: { bullet: { type: "bullet" }, breakLine: i < diagLines.length - 1, fontSize: 9.2, color: C.textDark }
  })), { x: 0.38, y: 4.68, w: 6.0, h: 2.2, valign: "top", margin: 0 });

  // right: DDx pseudocellulitis
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x: 6.8, y: 0.95, w: 6.28, h: 5.9,
    fill: { color: C.white },
    line: { color: C.dermAccent, transparency: 30 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.8, y: 0.95, w: 6.28, h: 0.48, fill: { color: C.dermAccent }, line: { color: C.dermAccent } });
  slide.addText("PSEUDOCELLULITIS — COMMON MIMICS", { x: 6.88, y: 0.95, w: 6.1, h: 0.48, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const ddxRows = [
    [{ text: "CONDITION", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } }, { text: "KEY DISTINGUISHING FEATURE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } }],
    ["DVT / post-thrombotic", "Duplex USS; bilateral possible; no erythema"],
    ["Stasis dermatitis", "Bilateral; scaling; pruritus; chronic"],
    ["Lipodermatosclerosis", "Inverted champagne bottle; fibrous; chronic"],
    ["Contact dermatitis", "Geometric borders; pruritus; no fever"],
    ["Gout / pseudogout", "Overlies joint; crystal aspiration+"],
    ["Erythema migrans", "Annular; tick exposure; endemic area"],
    ["Erythema nodosum", "Nodular; bilateral shins; no purulence"],
    ["Necrotising fasciitis ⚠", "Crepitus; anesthesia; RAPID spread → EMERGENCY"],
  ];
  slide.addTable(ddxRows, {
    x: 6.9, y: 1.52, w: 6.05, h: 5.2,
    border: { pt: 0.5, color: "CCDDEE" },
    fill: { color: "F8F2FF" },
    colW: [2.5, 3.55],
    fontSize: 9.2
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE: COMPARATIVE SUMMARY TABLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0.18, w: 13.3, h: 0.72, fill: { color: C.darkBg }, line: { color: C.darkBg } });
  slide.addText("COMPARATIVE SUMMARY — ALL DISEASES BY DEPTH", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.18, w: 12.8, h: 0.72,
    fontSize: 20, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });

  const rows = [
    [
      { text: "DISEASE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "CATEGORY", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "DEPTH", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "ORGANISM", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "KEY LESION", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "DX PEARL", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
      { text: "1st LINE Rx", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.darkBg } } },
    ],
    [
      { text: "Impetigo", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" } } },
      { text: "Superficial", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" }, color: "007A80", bold: true } },
      "Sub-corneal / intra-epidermal",
      "S. aureus / S. pyogenes",
      "Honey-golden crust",
      "Culture; Tzanck",
      "Mupirocin / Cefalexin",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Ecthyma", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" } } },
      { text: "Superficial", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" }, color: "007A80", bold: true } },
      "Full epidermis → upper dermis",
      "S. pyogenes / S. aureus",
      "Punched-out ulcer + thick crust",
      "Clinical; culture",
      "Dicloxacillin / Cefalexin",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Erythrasma", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" } } },
      { text: "Superficial", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" }, color: "007A80", bold: true } },
      "Stratum corneum (intertriginous)",
      "C. minutissimum",
      "Brown intertriginous patch",
      "Wood's lamp: coral-red",
      "Topical erythromycin / Clarithromycin 1g",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Pitted Keratolysis", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" } } },
      { text: "Superficial", options: { fill: { color: "E0F7F8" }, color: "007A80", bold: true } },
      "Stratum corneum (plantar)",
      "K. sedentarius",
      "Plantar pits + malodour",
      "Clinical; serine proteases",
      "Topical erythromycin / Clindamycin",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Folliculitis", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" } } },
      { text: "Follicular", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" }, color: "B35A00", bold: true } },
      "Follicular ostium / deep follicle",
      "S. aureus (Pseudomonas hot tub)",
      "Perifollicular pustule",
      "Culture swab",
      "Topical mupirocin / Clindamycin",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Furunculosis", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" } } },
      { text: "Follicular", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" }, color: "B35A00", bold: true } },
      "Perifollicular dermis",
      "S. aureus / MRSA",
      "Fluctuant abscess",
      "Culture; I&D",
      "I&D + TMP-SMX or Clindamycin",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Carbuncle", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" } } },
      { text: "Follicular", options: { fill: { color: "FFF3E0" }, color: "B35A00", bold: true } },
      "Confluent follicular → deep dermis",
      "S. aureus / MRSA",
      "Multi-headed abscess",
      "Culture; systemic signs",
      "I&D + IV antibiotics if severe",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Erysipelas", options: { fill: { color: "F3E5F5" } } },
      { text: "Dermal/Subcut.", options: { fill: { color: "F3E5F5" }, color: "6A0080", bold: true } },
      "Superficial dermis + lymphatics",
      "S. pyogenes",
      "SHARP-BORDERED red plaque",
      "Sharp raised palpable edge",
      "Penicillin V / Benzylpenicillin IV",
    ],
    [
      { text: "Cellulitis", options: { fill: { color: "F3E5F5" } } },
      { text: "Dermal/Subcut.", options: { fill: { color: "F3E5F5" }, color: "6A0080", bold: true } },
      "Deep dermis + subcutaneous",
      "S. pyogenes / S. aureus / MRSA",
      "ILL-DEFINED erythema",
      "ALT-70 score; clinical",
      "Cefalexin / Vancomycin (MRSA)",
    ],
  ];

  slide.addTable(rows, {
    x: 0.15, y: 1.0, w: 13.0, h: 6.0,
    border: { pt: 0.5, color: "CCDDEE" },
    colW: [1.5, 1.35, 1.85, 2.0, 1.8, 1.85, 2.65],
    fontSize: 8.5,
    autoPage: false
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE: ANATOMICAL DEPTH DIAGRAM
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0.18, w: 13.3, h: 0.65, fill: { color: C.midBg }, line: { color: C.midBg } });
  slide.addText("ANATOMICAL DEPTH — SUMMARY DIAGRAM", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.18, w: 12.8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 20, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });

  // skin layer bands (left side)
  const layers = [
    { label: "Stratum Corneum", y: 1.0, h: 0.8, color: "F5C842", textColor: C.darkBg },
    { label: "Epidermis", y: 1.8, h: 0.9, color: "F5A623", textColor: C.white },
    { label: "Dermis (Superficial)", y: 2.7, h: 1.0, color: "E87040", textColor: C.white },
    { label: "Dermis (Deep)", y: 3.7, h: 1.0, color: "CC4A20", textColor: C.white },
    { label: "Subcutaneous Tissue", y: 4.7, h: 1.0, color: "9B3010", textColor: C.white },
    { label: "Fascia / Muscle", y: 5.7, h: 0.8, color: "6B1B08", textColor: "FF9999" },
  ];

  layers.forEach(l => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: l.y, w: 2.8, h: l.h, fill: { color: l.color }, line: { color: l.color } });
    slide.addText(l.label, { x: 0.25, y: l.y, w: 2.7, h: l.h, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: l.textColor, valign: "middle", align: "center", margin: 0 });
  });

  // labels for the diseases at each layer
  const diseaseLabels = [
    { text: "Pitted Keratolysis\nErythrasma", y: 1.05, color: C.superAccent },
    { text: "Impetigo (non-bullous)\nEcthyma (starts here)", y: 1.88, color: C.superAccent },
    { text: "Folliculitis (superficial)\nSycosis Barbae\nEcthyma (extends here)\nErysipelas", y: 2.75, color: C.follAccent },
    { text: "Furunculosis\nCarbuncle\nCellulitis", y: 3.75, color: C.dermAccent },
    { text: "Cellulitis (extends here)", y: 4.78, color: C.dermAccent },
    { text: "Necrotising Fasciitis (not covered – emergency)", y: 5.78, color: "FF6B6B" },
  ];

  diseaseLabels.forEach(d => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 3.2, y: d.y, w: 0.04, h: 0.65, fill: { color: d.color }, line: { color: d.color } });
    slide.addText(d.text, { x: 3.35, y: d.y, w: 9.5, h: 0.65, fontSize: 10, color: d.color, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  });

  // category legend
  const legends = [
    { label: "SUPERFICIAL", color: C.superAccent, x: 0.3 },
    { label: "FOLLICULAR", color: C.follAccent, x: 3.5 },
    { label: "DERMAL / SUBCUTANEOUS", color: C.dermAccent, x: 6.7 },
  ];
  legends.forEach(l => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: l.x, y: 6.95, w: 0.3, h: 0.3, fill: { color: l.color }, line: { color: l.color } });
    slide.addText(l.label, { x: l.x + 0.35, y: 6.95, w: 2.8, h: 0.3, fontSize: 9, color: l.color, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE: REFERENCES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 13.3, h: 0.18, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { color: C.gold } });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0.18, w: 13.3, h: 0.72, fill: { color: C.midBg }, line: { color: C.midBg } });
  slide.addText("REFERENCES", {
    x: 0.4, y: 0.18, w: 12.5, h: 0.72,
    fontSize: 24, bold: true, color: C.white, charSpacing: 4, valign: "middle"
  });

  const refs = [
    "1.  James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2020. (ISBN 9780323547536). Chapters 14, pp. 297–310.",
    "2.  Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, et al. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2019. (ISBN 9780071837781). Chapters 150 (pp. 2768–2774) & 151 (pp. 2775–2786).",
    "3.  Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the IDSA. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10–e52.",
    "4.  Jacka J, Sierla R, Kilbreath SL. A Systematic Review of Cellulitis Guidelines: The Role of Non-Pharmacological Management in Preventing Recurrence. Australas J Dermatol. 2025;66(5). [PMID 40530782]",
    "5.  Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L. Dermatology. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2024. (ISBN 9780702082252).",
    "6.  Rho NK, Kim BJ. A corynebacterial triad: pitted keratolysis, trichomycosis axillaris, and erythrasma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 1):S57–S58.",
    "7.  Bristow IR, Lee YL. Pitted keratolysis: a clinical review. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2014;104(2):177–182.",
  ];

  refs.forEach((r, i) => {
    slide.addText(r, {
      x: 0.4, y: 1.1 + i * 0.74, w: 12.5, h: 0.65,
      fontSize: 9.8, color: "AACCDD", valign: "top"
    });
  });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 7.1, w: 13.3, h: 0.4, fill: { color: C.accent }, line: { color: C.accent } });
  slide.addText("Common Cutaneous Bacterial Infections  |  Evidence-Based Review  |  " + new Date().getFullYear(), {
    x: 0.3, y: 7.1, w: 12.7, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 9, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle"
  });
}

// ─── WRITE FILE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Cutaneous_Bacterial_Infections.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("✅ PPT created successfully"))
  .catch(e => { console.error("❌ Error:", e); process.exit(1); });
Running Command

cd /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt && node build.js 2>&1

Running Command

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Cutaneous_Bacterial_Infections.pptx

The presentation built successfully (497 KB). Here it is:

Cutaneous Bacterial Infections

Presentation · PPTX


What's inside — 18 slides total:
SlidesContent
1Title slide — dark navy theme with 3 category badges
2Classification Overview — 3-column visual with all diseases by depth
3Section A divider — Superficial Infections
4-7Impetigo, Ecthyma, Erythrasma, Pitted Keratolysis (each with Etiology / Clinical / DDx / Management in 4 columns)
8Section B divider — Follicular Infections
9-11Folliculitis & Sycosis Barbae, Furunculosis & Carbuncle, Prevention & Decolonisation
12Section C divider — Dermal & Subcutaneous
13-15Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Cellulitis Diagnosis with ALT-70 score table + DDx pseudocellulitis
16Comparative Summary Table — all 8 diseases across depth/organism/lesion/Rx
17Anatomical Depth Diagram — layered skin cross-section with diseases mapped to each layer
18References — Andrews', Fitzpatrick's, IDSA 2014, Jacka 2025 systematic review
Design: Dark navy/teal medical theme. Each category has its own accent color (teal = superficial, amber = follicular, purple = dermal/subcutaneous) carried consistently through all slides.

Add images to those slides and make the font size big

Let me first get the clinical images from the textbooks for each disease.
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
Reading File
I now have all the image URLs. Let me also get erythrasma and pitted keratolysis images:
Reading File
Reading File
I now have all image URLs. Let me build the updated presentation with images and bigger fonts:
Writing File

~/cutaneous-infections-ppt/build_v2.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const { execSync } = require("child_process");

// ─── FETCH ALL IMAGES UP FRONT ────────────────────────────────────────────────
const imageUrls = {
  impetigo_nonbullous:  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/d3c384fb7d3ad6ce19da7f641d235793783f844dc1ce44d19291f9b431500218.png",
  impetigo_bullous:     "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/f3edf5aedf06b5d9fef89e0e14a93368771ce112be646c1ce508b818a5959fe9.png",
  impetigo_face:        "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/d43ea3d3b49c9e1cc0e952290ececa1035cd2c3e4e2270eae4ee86d4442e555a.png",
  ecthyma1:             "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/77b239ea3d2a9c947e678dbbdbd375752fe1eec0f95801124a43b37a2c35b123.png",
  ecthyma2:             "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/ca774ac84699a26ee8d684646e2f933cd6dde3805c6bed6d6ab1b4932ff6d183.png",
  folliculitis1:        "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/40388c8adeef18745048cab0a9be8afb2a191bbb871af16062706a09ae33db44.png",
  folliculitis2:        "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/07f5798d944b2206795a4c4c2db4ff47acb8f08211e5d12743e7a61426a0e186.png",
  folliculitis_buttock: "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/75baef6779e4aef72312a7d067ba6c93d0faf0128577e7d96020d2ca99fc72b7.png",
  furuncle1:            "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/22025a8573ba0e5a6596f9ce843a97c9e56f6aaaeaaf374992daf796b4e22dcb.png",
  furuncle2:            "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/81eb40b7082d5c2d5ca38cc2e06797ed66b217c3f7d8aaae0db3d4aaa9039061.png",
  erysipelas_face:      "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/d2a00734a29b8e9e2391daaeaa02c7176edf394cf5a12ada60d4d988acaf7ea7.png",
  erysipelas_ear:       "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/809bd1916ed0286467dccd85bd9c144c47bcc93e0895d4b50a5257d88126d83f.png",
  cellulitis1:          "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/7f1de929c192b62dc06693107164151fc13d81807327ee6d1b6e677122f7297a.png",
  cellulitis2:          "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/3fd4cde9ed0f84b81d14eb0c74ddca8c28d8e13fafc2397822fbcc59b274da42.png",
  erythrasma1:          "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/b17b0f7987a3bf75805c5bfb4a618ebca1d1484049ed09f83fe95e831257ef74.png",
  erythrasma2:          "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/103f9ef5384cbe3bcced5bc0a79601bf2535e677cfc3e6ab009281c3b7cfdb03.png",
  pitted1:              "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/672c7a7aaa72d53c6822d0eb30c8b0da53ae76516854550f59e070b011794654.png",
  pitted2:              "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/93929e798b4d208a07179b5051f943f312b0a7dec07cfc2a96ba2b6c1e978746.png",
};

console.log("Fetching images...");
const urlArgs = Object.values(imageUrls).map(u => `"${u}"`).join(" ");
let imgData = {};
try {
  const raw = execSync(
    `node /home/daytona/skills/shared/scripts/fetch_images.js ${urlArgs}`,
    { maxBuffer: 50 * 1024 * 1024, timeout: 90000 }
  ).toString();
  const arr = JSON.parse(raw);
  const keys = Object.keys(imageUrls);
  arr.forEach((item, i) => {
    if (item && !item.error && item.base64) {
      imgData[keys[i]] = item.base64;
    } else {
      console.warn(`Could not fetch image: ${keys[i]}`);
      imgData[keys[i]] = null;
    }
  });
} catch(e) {
  console.error("Image fetch error:", e.message);
  Object.keys(imageUrls).forEach(k => imgData[k] = null);
}
console.log("Images fetched:", Object.values(imgData).filter(Boolean).length, "/", Object.keys(imgData).length);

// ─── PPT SETUP ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_WIDE"; // 13.3" x 7.5"
pres.title = "Common Cutaneous Bacterial Infections";

const C = {
  darkBg:      "0D2B45",
  midBg:       "1A4A6E",
  accent:      "2AAFB8",
  accentLight: "5BC8D0",
  gold:        "E8B84B",
  white:       "FFFFFF",
  offWhite:    "F0F6FA",
  textDark:    "0D2B45",
  textMid:     "2A4A65",
  lightGray:   "DDE8F0",
  superAccent: "2AAFB8",
  follAccent:  "E8930A",
  dermAccent:  "8E44AD",
};

// ─── HELPERS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function addDividerBar(slide, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:0.12, h:7.5, fill:{color}, line:{color} });
}

function addBottomBar(slide, label) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:7.1, w:13.3, h:0.4, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText(label, { x:0.2, y:7.1, w:12.8, h:0.4, fontSize:9, color:"99BBCC", italic:true, valign:"middle" });
}

function addCategoryBadge(slide, label, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:0.18, w:3.2, h:0.44, fill:{color}, line:{color}, rectRadius:0.06 });
  slide.addText(label.toUpperCase(), { x:0.22, y:0.18, w:3.2, h:0.44, fontSize:9.5, bold:true, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
}

function addSlideTitle(slide, title, catColor) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.12, y:0.08, w:13.18, h:0.78, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText(title, { x:0.3, y:0.08, w:12.8, h:0.78, fontSize:22, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.12, y:0.86, w:13.18, h:0.07, fill:{color:catColor}, line:{color:catColor} });
}

function sectionDivider(title, subtitle, color, bgColor) {
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: bgColor || C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:0.55, h:7.5, fill:{color}, line:{color} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.55, y:0, w:5.0, h:7.5, fill:{color, transparency:88}, line:{color, transparency:88} });
  slide.addText(title, { x:1.3, y:2.3, w:11.5, h:1.5, fontSize:44, bold:true, color:C.white, fontFace:"Calibri" });
  slide.addText(subtitle, { x:1.3, y:3.9, w:10, h:0.8, fontSize:17, color:"AACCDD", italic:true });
  return slide;
}

// Disease slide: LEFT = text content (2 cols), RIGHT = image(s)
// Layout: 13.3" wide. Text area: 0.12 to 8.2" (8.1" wide). Image area: 8.3 to 13.1" (4.8" wide)
function addImageToSlide(slide, key, x, y, w, h) {
  if (imgData[key]) {
    slide.addImage({ data: imgData[key], x, y, w, h });
  }
}

function addLabelBox(slide, x, y, w, h, label, color, lines, fontSize) {
  const fs = fontSize || 12;
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h, fill:{color:C.white}, line:{color, transparency:40},
    shadow:{type:"outer",color:"000000",blur:4,offset:1,angle:135,opacity:0.1} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h:0.4, fill:{color}, line:{color} });
  slide.addText(label, { x:x+0.08, y, w:w-0.1, h:0.4, fontSize:fs-0.5, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  if (lines && lines.length) {
    const items = lines.map((t,i) => ({
      text: t,
      options: { bullet:{type:"bullet", indent:10}, breakLine: i<lines.length-1, fontSize:fs, color:C.textDark, paraSpaceAfter:1 }
    }));
    slide.addText(items, { x:x+0.1, y:y+0.44, w:w-0.18, h:h-0.48, valign:"top", margin:0 });
  }
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 – TITLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:13.3, h:0.18, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0.18, w:4.8, h:7.32, fill:{color:C.midBg}, line:{color:C.midBg} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x:0.3, y:0.8, w:2.8, h:2.8, fill:{color:C.accent, transparency:82}, line:{color:C.accent, transparency:82} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x:1.7, y:3.8, w:1.8, h:1.8, fill:{color:C.gold, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.gold, transparency:85} });

  const cats = [
    { label:"SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", color:C.superAccent, y:2.2 },
    { label:"FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", color:C.follAccent, y:2.9 },
    { label:"DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS", color:C.dermAccent, y:3.6 },
  ];
  cats.forEach(c => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.3, y:c.y, w:4.0, h:0.48, fill:{color:c.color, transparency:15}, line:{color:c.color} });
    slide.addText(c.label, { x:0.3, y:c.y, w:4.0, h:0.48, fontSize:12.5, bold:true, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });

  slide.addText("COMMON CUTANEOUS", { x:5.1, y:1.1, w:8.0, h:1.0, fontSize:38, bold:true, color:C.accent, fontFace:"Calibri", charSpacing:2 });
  slide.addText("BACTERIAL INFECTIONS", { x:5.1, y:2.05, w:8.0, h:1.0, fontSize:38, bold:true, color:C.white, fontFace:"Calibri", charSpacing:2 });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:5.1, y:3.15, w:7.9, h:0.05, fill:{color:C.gold}, line:{color:C.gold} });
  slide.addText("Evidence-Based Classification by Anatomical Depth", { x:5.1, y:3.3, w:8.0, h:0.6, fontSize:17, italic:true, color:"AACCDD" });
  slide.addText([
    {text:"References: ", options:{bold:true}},
    {text:"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e  |  Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014"}
  ], { x:5.1, y:4.1, w:8.0, h:0.45, fontSize:10.5, color:"88AABB" });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:7.1, w:13.3, h:0.4, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 – CLASSIFICATION OVERVIEW
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:13.3, h:0.18, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
  slide.addText("CLASSIFICATION BY ANATOMICAL DEPTH", {
    x:0.4, y:0.25, w:12.5, h:0.75, fontSize:24, bold:true, color:C.white, charSpacing:2
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.4, y:0.98, w:12.5, h:0.05, fill:{color:C.gold}, line:{color:C.gold} });

  const catData = [
    { x:0.35, color:C.superAccent, label:"A  SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", sub:"Epidermis & Stratum Corneum",
      diseases:["Impetigo","Ecthyma","Erythrasma","Pitted Keratolysis"] },
    { x:4.75, color:C.follAccent,  label:"B  FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS",  sub:"Hair Follicle as Primary Target",
      diseases:["Folliculitis","Sycosis Barbae","Furunculosis","Carbuncle"] },
    { x:9.15, color:C.dermAccent,  label:"C  DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS",  sub:"Deep Dermis & Subcutis",
      diseases:["Erysipelas","Cellulitis"] },
  ];
  catData.forEach(c => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:c.x, y:1.1, w:4.0, h:6.0, fill:{color:c.color, transparency:90}, line:{color:c.color, transparency:30} });
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:c.x, y:1.1, w:4.0, h:0.72, fill:{color:c.color}, line:{color:c.color} });
    slide.addText(c.label, { x:c.x+0.1, y:1.1, w:3.8, h:0.72, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
    slide.addText(c.sub, { x:c.x+0.1, y:1.9, w:3.8, h:0.42, fontSize:11, italic:true, color:"BBCCDD" });
    c.diseases.forEach((d,i) => {
      slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:c.x+0.15, y:2.44+i*0.82, w:3.7, h:0.65, fill:{color:C.white, transparency:18}, line:{color:c.color, transparency:50} });
      slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:c.x+0.15, y:2.44+i*0.82, w:0.09, h:0.65, fill:{color:c.color}, line:{color:c.color} });
      slide.addText(d, { x:c.x+0.33, y:2.44+i*0.82, w:3.4, h:0.65, fontSize:13, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
    });
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:7.1, w:13.3, h:0.4, fill:{color:C.midBg}, line:{color:C.midBg} });
  slide.addText("Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e | Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e", {
    x:0.3, y:7.1, w:12.7, h:0.4, fontSize:9, color:"668899", italic:true, valign:"middle"
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION A DIVIDER
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionDivider(
  "SECTION A: SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS",
  "Epidermis & Stratum Corneum  |  Impetigo · Ecthyma · Erythrasma · Pitted Keratolysis",
  C.superAccent, "0A2E32"
);

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – IMPETIGO
// Layout: left text 0.15–7.9 (two columns), right images 8.1–13.1
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.superAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", C.superAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "IMPETIGO", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 300-302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");

  // Definition strip
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Most common superficial bacterial skin infection; sub-corneal split; highly contagious", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  // Text boxes: 2 cols each ~3.7" wide
  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.superAccent, [
    "S. aureus: 50-70% (phage group 2; exfoliative toxins A/B)",
    "S. pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – alone or combined",
    "Bullous: exclusively S. aureus",
    "Neonatal: Group B streptococci",
    "Streptococci early → staphylococci as lesion matures"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.superAccent, [
    "Non-bullous: honey-golden crust on erythematous base",
    "Bullous: large fragile bullae; axillae/groin; face/perineum",
    "Rupture → circinate weepy crusted erosions",
    "Perioral, perinasal most common sites",
    "Regional lymphadenopathy (streptococcal type)"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.superAccent, [
    "Tinea corporis – scaling; KOH positive",
    "Herpes simplex – vesicles; recurs at same site",
    "Contact dermatitis – linear; geometric; pruritus",
    "Ecthyma – punched ulcer; heals with scar",
    "Bullous pemphigoid – Nikolsky sign positive"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT & PREVENTION", C.superAccent, [
    "Soak & remove crusts; soap and water cleaning",
    "Topical: Mupirocin 2%, retapamulin, fusidic acid",
    "Oral: Cefalexin or dicloxacillin (widespread/bullous)",
    "MRSA: TMP-SMX or clindamycin",
    "Prevention: hand hygiene; cover lesions; prophylactic ointment",
    "Complication: Post-strep GN 2-5% (treatment does NOT prevent)"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images on right
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.accent, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "impetigo_nonbullous", 8.1, 1.52, 2.4, 2.55);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "impetigo_bullous",    10.6, 1.52, 2.45, 2.55);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "impetigo_face",       8.1, 4.15, 4.95, 2.8);
  slide.addText("Non-bullous Impetigo", { x:8.1, y:4.05, w:2.4, h:0.2, fontSize:8.5, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
  slide.addText("Bullous Impetigo", { x:10.6, y:4.05, w:2.45, h:0.2, fontSize:8.5, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – ECTHYMA
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.superAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", C.superAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "ECTHYMA", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText('Ulcerative pyoderma — "impetigo going deeper"; full epidermis into upper dermis; HEALS WITH SCAR', {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS", C.superAccent, [
    "S. pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – primary",
    "S. aureus – urban areas, IVDU, HIV patients",
    "Predisposing: malnutrition, uncleanliness, trauma",
    "Debilitated / immunocompromised patients",
    "Lower extremities; insect bites as portal of entry"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.superAccent, [
    "Vesicle/vesicopustule → thick 'oyster-shell' crust",
    "Removal → SAUCER-SHAPED punched-out ulcer",
    "Raised violaceous edges + raw base",
    "Lower extremities and buttocks most common",
    "Local adenopathy; leaves SCAR on healing",
    "Rarely → gangrene in debilitated patients"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.superAccent, [
    "Impetigo – superficial; no ulcer; no scar",
    "Herpes simplex – vesicular; grouped; Tzanck+",
    "Ecthyma gangrenosum – Pseudomonas; immunocompromised",
    "Cutaneous leishmaniasis – travel history; smear+",
    "Pyoderma gangrenosum – undermined violaceous edge"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.superAccent, [
    "Warm soaks → gentle crust removal",
    "Topical: mupirocin, retapamulin, bacitracin BD",
    "Oral: Dicloxacillin or cefalexin",
    "MRSA: TMP-SMX or clindamycin",
    "Adjust per culture & sensitivity",
    "Address nutrition, hygiene, immunosuppression"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.accent, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "ecthyma1", 8.1,  1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "ecthyma2", 8.1,  4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Ecthyma – punched ulcer with crust (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – ERYTHRASMA
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.superAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", C.superAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "ERYTHRASMA", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 337-348  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2771");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Superficial infection of the stratum corneum in intertriginous areas — Corynebacterium minutissimum", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.superAccent, [
    "Corynebacterium minutissimum (gram+ diphtheroid rod)",
    "Produces coproporphyrin III → coral-red fluorescence",
    "More common: tropical climates, obesity, DM, HIV",
    "Males > Females",
    "Immunocompromised: may cause bacteremia, cellulitis"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.superAccent, [
    "Toe webs: white hyperkeratotic macerated plaque",
    "Genitocrural/axillae/inframammary: reddish-brown patch",
    "'Cigarette paper' thin; finely scaled; well-demarcated",
    "No central clearing (unlike tinea)",
    "Usually asymptomatic; KEY: Wood's lamp CORAL-RED",
    "Wash before exam may eliminate fluorescence!"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.superAccent, [
    "Tinea cruris – KOH positive; central clearing; scale",
    "Candidal intertrigo – satellite pustules; KOH+",
    "Intertrigo – no Wood's lamp fluorescence",
    "Inverse psoriasis – smooth; psoriasis elsewhere",
    "Seborrheic dermatitis – yellow greasy scales"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.superAccent, [
    "Topical: erythromycin or clindamycin – first-line",
    "Topical fusidic acid – alternative",
    "Oral (widespread): Clarithromycin 1 g SINGLE DOSE",
    "OR Erythromycin 250 mg QID × 14 days",
    "Prevention: keep dry; weight loss; control DM",
    "Absorbent powders; loose-fitting clothing"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.accent, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "erythrasma1", 8.1,  1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "erythrasma2", 8.1,  4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Erythrasma – reddish-brown intertriginous patch (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – PITTED KERATOLYSIS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.superAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "A - SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS", C.superAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "PITTED KERATOLYSIS", C.superAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 397-406  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2770");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.superAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Bacterial infection of plantar stratum corneum; crateriform pits on pressure-bearing areas; characteristic malodour", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.superAccent, [
    "Kytococcus sedentarius – primary organism",
    "Also: Dermatophilus congolensis, Corynebacterium spp.",
    "Serine proteases degrade plantar keratin",
    "Male : Female ≈ 8:1; tropical climates",
    "Hyperhidrosis + occlusive footwear = key risk factors"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.superAccent, [
    "1–3 mm crateriform pits on pressure-bearing soles",
    "Pits coalesce → large defect with serpiginous borders",
    "Ball of foot, heel, plantar toes; web spaces",
    "Characteristic MALODOUR (2/3 of patients)",
    "Feet stick to socks – sliminess (70%)",
    "Pain/burning/irritation (1/3 of patients)"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.superAccent, [
    "Tinea pedis – KOH positive; scaling; vesicles",
    "Verruca plantaris – interrupted skin lines",
    "Palmoplantar keratoderma – diffuse; hereditary",
    "Interdigital erythrasma – Wood's lamp coral-red",
    "Plantar psoriasis – silvery scale; nail changes"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.superAccent, [
    "Topical erythromycin – first-line (curative)",
    "Topical clindamycin or mupirocin",
    "5% benzoyl peroxide gel",
    "10-20% aluminium chloride (hyperhidrosis)",
    "Botulinum toxin if severe hyperhidrosis",
    "Prevention: dry feet; breathable footwear; foot powder"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.accent, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "pitted1", 8.1, 1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "pitted2", 8.1, 4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Pitted Keratolysis – plantar pits (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION B DIVIDER
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionDivider(
  "SECTION B: FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS",
  "Hair Follicle as Primary Target  |  Folliculitis · Sycosis Barbae · Furunculosis · Carbuncle",
  C.follAccent, "2B1800"
);

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – FOLLICULITIS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.follAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", C.follAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "FOLLICULITIS  (including SYCOSIS BARBAE)", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 301-302  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.follAccent, transparency:88}, line:{color:C.follAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Infection/inflammation of hair follicles – superficial (ostium) or deep (entire follicle + perifollicular tissue)", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.follAccent, [
    "S. aureus – most common (MRSA increasingly)",
    "Pseudomonas aeruginosa – hot tub folliculitis",
    "Gram-negatives – after prolonged acne antibiotics",
    "Malassezia spp. – Pityrosporum folliculitis",
    "Demodex spp. – Demodex folliculitis"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.follAccent, [
    "Superficial (Bockhart): thin yellow-white pustule at follicle; crops",
    "Deep staph: any hair-bearing site; trunk; axillae; pubis",
    "Sycosis barbae: chronic pustules in beard; upper lip first",
    "Burning/itching; may scar; blepharitis in severe cases",
    "Genital folliculitis may be STD transmitted"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.follAccent, [
    "Tinea barbae – KOH+; spares upper lip",
    "Acne vulgaris – comedones; no hair-piercing pustule",
    "Pseudofolliculitis barbae – ingrown hairs; Black men",
    "HSV sycosis – vesicles; short duration; Tzanck+",
    "Rosacea – flushing; telangiectasia; no infection"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.follAccent, [
    "Topical: mupirocin, clindamycin, retapamulin",
    "Benzoyl peroxide 5-10% wash; chlorhexidine 4%",
    "Bleach baths (½ cup/40-gallon tub)",
    "Systemic: cefalexin; if MRSA: TMP-SMX or clindamycin",
    "Decolonisation: mupirocin nares × 5 days per month",
    "Aluminium chloride – chronic buttock folliculitis"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.gold, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "folliculitis1",        8.1,  1.52, 2.4,  2.55);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "folliculitis2",        10.6, 1.52, 2.45, 2.55);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "folliculitis_buttock", 8.1,  4.15, 4.95, 2.8);
  slide.addText("Staphylococcal folliculitis", { x:8.1, y:4.06, w:2.4, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
  slide.addText("Perifollicular pustule", { x:10.6, y:4.06, w:2.45, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.follAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", C.follAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "FURUNCULOSIS & CARBUNCLE", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.follAccent, transparency:88}, line:{color:C.follAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Furuncle: acute perifollicular abscess + central suppuration  |  Carbuncle: confluent furuncles with multiple heads", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS", C.follAccent, [
    "S. aureus – principal (MRSA increasingly common)",
    "Nasal/perineal carriage – key reservoir",
    "Risk: DM, atopic dermatitis, HIV/AIDS, dialysis",
    "Alcoholism, malnutrition, blood dyscrasias",
    "Hospital-acquired MRSA – multidrug resistant"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.follAccent, [
    "Acute round tender perifollicular abscess",
    "Sites: nape, axillae, buttocks, face",
    "⚠ DANGER ZONE: upper lip & nose (cavernous sinus!)",
    "Central necrosis → rupture with purulent discharge",
    "Carbuncle: multiple heads; fever; malaise; scars",
    "Recurrences common; autoinoculation from carrier"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.follAccent, [
    "Hidradenitis suppurativa – tunnels; axillae/groins; scar",
    "Infected sebaceous cyst – cheesy material; no follicular",
    "Cystic acne – face; comedones; chronic",
    "Cutaneous anthrax – eschar; exposure history",
    "Lymphadenitis – deeper; no skin origin"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.follAccent, [
    "Warm compresses – pre-fluctuant early lesions",
    "I&D – definitive for fluctuant abscess (even <5 cm)",
    "RCT: I&D + clindamycin or TMP-SMX > I&D alone",
    "MSSA: dicloxacillin or cefalexin",
    "MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin, doxycycline",
    "Facial furuncles: IV antibiotics; DO NOT SQUEEZE"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:C.gold, align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "furuncle1", 8.1,  1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "furuncle2", 8.1,  4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Staphylococcal abscess/furuncle (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – FURUNCULOSIS PREVENTION
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.follAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", C.follAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "FURUNCULOSIS — PREVENTION & DECOLONISATION", C.follAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 303");

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.0, 6.1, 5.9, "HYGIENE & SKIN CARE", C.follAccent, [
    "Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash (axillae, groin, perianal) × 1 week",
    "Bleach baths (sodium hypochlorite 0.005%): ½ cup/40-gallon tub, 3×/week",
    "Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)",
    "Frequent handwashing throughout the day",
    "Avoid sharing towels, clothing, razors, sports equipment",
    "Do NOT share moisturiser containers (re-inoculation in AD)",
    "Keep fingernails short and clean",
    "Aggressively treat atopic dermatitis (S. aureus carrier)"
  ], 12.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 6.8, 1.0, 6.28, 5.9, "DECOLONISATION REGIMENS", C.follAccent, [
    "Mupirocin ointment to anterior nares BD × 5 days; repeat monthly",
    "MSSA regimen: Rifampin 10 days + Dicloxacillin (concurrent)",
    "MRSA regimen: Rifampin 10 days + TMP-SMX (concurrent)",
    "Long-term suppression: Clindamycin low-dose × 3 months",
    "Bacitracin nares BD throughout isotretinoin therapy",
    "Treat all household members and close contacts",
    "Repeat cultures to confirm eradication",
    "Indications: recurrent infections; spread to contacts; high-risk household"
  ], 12.5);
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION C DIVIDER
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionDivider(
  "SECTION C: DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS",
  "Deep Dermis & Subcutaneous Tissue  |  Erysipelas · Cellulitis",
  C.dermAccent, "1A0B2E"
);

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – ERYSIPELAS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.dermAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS", C.dermAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "ERYSIPELAS", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, Ch. 151, p. 2775  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:88}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Superficial dermis + lymphatics; SHARPLY DEMARCATED raised borders — more superficial than cellulitis", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.dermAccent, [
    "S. pyogenes (Group A β-haemolytic) – classic",
    "Recent data: similar microbial profile to cellulitis",
    "Groups B, C, G streptococci – less common",
    "Portal of entry in 62% (toe web infections most common)",
    "Risk: lymphedema, obesity, previous episodes, DM"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.dermAccent, [
    "Salmon-red warm painful edematous plaque",
    "KEY: SHARP, RAISED, PALPABLE BORDER",
    "Peau d'orange surface appearance",
    "Lower leg 76-90%; face; upper extremity",
    "Fever, chills, malaise more prominent than cellulitis",
    "Facial: butterfly distribution across cheeks/nose"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.dermAccent, [
    "Cellulitis – ill-defined border (KEY difference)",
    "Necrotizing fasciitis – crepitus; anesthesia – EMERGENCY",
    "Contact dermatitis – scaling; pruritus; no fever",
    "Angioedema – bilateral; no erythema; no fever",
    "Herpes zoster pre-vesicular – dermatomal"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT & PREVENTION", C.dermAccent, [
    "Mild/outpatient: Penicillin V or amoxicillin oral",
    "Moderate/severe: Benzylpenicillin IV",
    "Penicillin allergy: clindamycin or macrolides",
    "Elevate affected limb; mark advancing border",
    "Prophylaxis (recurrence): Penicillin V 250 mg BD",
    "Treat predisposing factors (tinea pedis, lymphedema)"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:"CC88EE", align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "erysipelas_face", 8.1,  1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "erysipelas_ear",  8.1,  4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Erysipelas – sharp demarcated border (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – CELLULITIS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.dermAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS", C.dermAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "CELLULITIS", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, Ch. 151, p. 2775-2783  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014");

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.02, w:7.7, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:88}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Deep dermis + subcutaneous tissue; ILL-DEFINED erythema; almost always UNILATERAL; lower extremity most common", {
    x:0.32, y:1.02, w:7.5, h:0.5, fontSize:12, italic:true, color:C.textDark, valign:"middle"
  });

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.62, 3.75, 2.65, "ETIOLOGY", C.dermAccent, [
    "S. pyogenes + S. aureus (MRSA) – most common",
    "Organism found in <1/3 of cases",
    "Bite wounds: Pasteurella, Eikenella, Capnocytophaga",
    "Aquatic: Aeromonas, Vibrio vulnificus, M. marinum",
    "Immunocompromised: gram-negatives, Pseudomonas, fungi"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 1.62, 3.8, 2.65, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.dermAccent, [
    "Spreading ILL-DEFINED erythema, oedema, warmth, pain",
    "ALMOST ALWAYS UNILATERAL (bilateral → seek other dx)",
    "Lower extremity in adults; face in children",
    "Lymphangitis; skip areas; peau d'orange",
    "⚠ Crepitus/anesthesia → NECROTISING FASCIITIS",
    "ALT-70 score helps diagnose (see separate slide)"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.42, 3.75, 2.55, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.dermAccent, [
    "DVT / stasis dermatitis – bilateral; chronic; scaling",
    "Lipodermatosclerosis – inverted champagne bottle leg",
    "Gout/pseudogout – overlies joint; crystals",
    "Erythema migrans – annular; tick exposure",
    "Necrotizing fasciitis – EXCLUDE URGENTLY"
  ], 11.5);

  addLabelBox(slide, 4.1, 4.42, 3.8, 2.55, "MANAGEMENT", C.dermAccent, [
    "Outpatient non-purulent: cefalexin, dicloxacillin",
    "Outpatient purulent/MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin",
    "Inpatient IV: cefazolin; vancomycin (MRSA)",
    "Severe/polymicrobial: pip-tazo or imipenem",
    "Elevate limb; mark border; serial photography",
    "Prophylaxis ≥3 episodes/year: Penicillin V 250 mg BD"
  ], 11.5);

  // Images
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:8.05, y:1.02, w:5.05, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x:8.1, y:1.02, w:4.95, h:0.42, fontSize:12, bold:true, color:"CC88EE", align:"center", valign:"middle" });
  addImageToSlide(slide, "cellulitis1", 8.1,  1.52, 4.95, 2.8);
  addImageToSlide(slide, "cellulitis2", 8.1,  4.42, 4.95, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Cellulitis – lower limb + lymphangitis (Andrews' Atlas)", { x:8.1, y:4.33, w:4.95, h:0.18, fontSize:8, color:"AACCDD", align:"center" });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – CELLULITIS DIAGNOSIS / ALT-70
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addDividerBar(slide, C.dermAccent);
  addCategoryBadge(slide, "C - DERMAL & SUBCUTANEOUS", C.dermAccent);
  addSlideTitle(slide, "CELLULITIS — DIAGNOSIS & ALT-70 PREDICTION SCORE", C.dermAccent);
  addBottomBar(slide, "Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e, p. 2780-2781  |  IDSA 2014  |  Misdiagnosis rate >30%");

  // ALT-70 box
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.0, w:6.1, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.white}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:30},
    shadow:{type:"outer",color:"000000",blur:4,offset:1,angle:135,opacity:0.1} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.22, y:1.0, w:6.1, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.dermAccent}, line:{color:C.dermAccent} });
  slide.addText("ALT-70 RISK PREDICTION SCORE", { x:0.3, y:1.0, w:5.9, h:0.5, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });

  const altRows = [
    [{text:"PARAMETER",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.textMid}}}, {text:"POINTS",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.textMid}}}],
    ["Asymmetry (unilateral involvement)", {text:"3 pts",options:{bold:true,color:C.dermAccent}}],
    ["Leukocytosis ≥ 10,000 cells/μL",     {text:"1 pt", options:{bold:true,color:C.dermAccent}}],
    ["Tachycardia ≥ 90 beats/min",          {text:"1 pt", options:{bold:true,color:C.dermAccent}}],
    ["Age ≥ 70 years",                      {text:"2 pts",options:{bold:true,color:C.dermAccent}}],
  ];
  slide.addTable(altRows, { x:0.35, y:1.6, w:5.85, h:2.0, border:{pt:0.5,color:"CCDDEE"}, fill:{color:"F5FAFF"}, colW:[4.1,1.75], fontSize:11.5 });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:3.72, w:5.85, h:0.52, fill:{color:"E8F5F6"}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:50} });
  slide.addText("Score 0-2 → NPV > 83% (likely NOT cellulitis)", { x:0.45, y:3.74, w:5.65, h:0.25, fontSize:11, color:C.textDark });
  slide.addText("Score ≥ 5  → PPV > 82% (likely IS cellulitis)",  { x:0.45, y:3.98, w:5.65, h:0.25, fontSize:11, color:C.textDark });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.35, y:4.32, w:5.85, h:0.4, fill:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:85}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:60} });
  slide.addText("SUPPORTIVE INVESTIGATIONS (IDSA 2014)", { x:0.45, y:4.32, w:5.65, h:0.4, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:C.dermAccent, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  const diagLines = [
    "CBC: leukocytosis in 34-50% (non-specific)",
    "ESR/CRP elevated in >75% (non-specific)",
    "Blood cultures: positive in only ~5% — reserve for high-risk",
    "Skin aspirate: low yield (5-40%); not routinely recommended",
    "IDSA 2014: do NOT routinely culture blood or swabs",
    "Abscess/pustule: culture recommended",
    "Ultrasound: identifies fluid collections for I&D guidance",
    "MRI: differentiates from necrotising fasciitis"
  ];
  slide.addText(diagLines.map((t,i)=>({text:t,options:{bullet:{type:"bullet"},breakLine:i<diagLines.length-1,fontSize:11,color:C.textDark}})),
    { x:0.38, y:4.78, w:5.95, h:2.1, valign:"top", margin:0 });

  // DDx table right
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:6.8, y:1.0, w:6.28, h:6.0, fill:{color:C.white}, line:{color:C.dermAccent, transparency:30},
    shadow:{type:"outer",color:"000000",blur:4,offset:1,angle:135,opacity:0.1} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:6.8, y:1.0, w:6.28, h:0.5, fill:{color:C.dermAccent}, line:{color:C.dermAccent} });
  slide.addText("PSEUDOCELLULITIS — COMMON MIMICS", { x:6.88, y:1.0, w:6.1, h:0.5, fontSize:13, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });

  const ddxRows = [
    [{text:"CONDITION",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.textMid}}}, {text:"KEY DISTINGUISHING FEATURE",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.textMid}}}],
    ["DVT / post-thrombotic","Duplex USS; bilateral possible; no surface erythema"],
    ["Stasis dermatitis","Bilateral; scaling; pruritus; chronic course"],
    ["Lipodermatosclerosis","Inverted champagne bottle; fibrous; no fever"],
    ["Contact dermatitis","Geometric borders; pruritus; no fever"],
    ["Gout / pseudogout","Overlies joint; crystal aspiration positive"],
    ["Erythema migrans","Annular; tick exposure; endemic area"],
    ["Erythema nodosum","Tender nodules; bilateral shins; no purulence"],
    ["Necrotizing fasciitis ⚠","Crepitus; anesthesia; RAPID spread → EMERGENCY"],
  ];
  slide.addTable(ddxRows, { x:6.9, y:1.6, w:6.05, h:5.3, border:{pt:0.5,color:"CCDDEE"}, fill:{color:"F8F2FF"}, colW:[2.5,3.55], fontSize:10.5 });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – COMPARATIVE SUMMARY TABLE
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:13.3, h:0.18, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0.18, w:13.3, h:0.75, fill:{color:C.darkBg}, line:{color:C.darkBg} });
  slide.addText("COMPARATIVE SUMMARY — ALL DISEASES BY DEPTH", { x:0.3, y:0.18, w:12.8, h:0.75, fontSize:21, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });

  const rows = [
    [{text:"DISEASE",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"CATEGORY",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"DEPTH",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"ORGANISM",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"KEY LESION",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"DX PEARL",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}},
     {text:"1st LINE Rx",options:{bold:true,color:C.white,fill:{color:C.darkBg}}}],
    [{text:"Impetigo",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"}}},{text:"Superficial",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"},color:"007A80",bold:true}},"Sub-corneal / intra-epidermal","S. aureus / S. pyogenes","Honey-golden crust","Culture; Tzanck","Mupirocin / Cefalexin"],
    [{text:"Ecthyma",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"}}},{text:"Superficial",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"},color:"007A80",bold:true}},"Full epidermis → upper dermis","S. pyogenes / S. aureus","Punched-out ulcer + thick crust","Clinical; culture","Dicloxacillin / Cefalexin"],
    [{text:"Erythrasma",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"}}},{text:"Superficial",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"},color:"007A80",bold:true}},"Stratum corneum (intertriginous)","C. minutissimum","Brown intertriginous patch","Wood's lamp: coral-red","Erythromycin topical / Clarithromycin 1g"],
    [{text:"Pitted Keratolysis",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"}}},{text:"Superficial",options:{fill:{color:"E0F7F8"},color:"007A80",bold:true}},"Stratum corneum (plantar)","K. sedentarius","Plantar pits + malodour","Clinical","Topical erythromycin"],
    [{text:"Folliculitis",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"}}},{text:"Follicular",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"},color:"B35A00",bold:true}},"Follicular ostium / deep","S. aureus (MRSA)","Perifollicular pustule","Culture","Mupirocin topical / Cefalexin"],
    [{text:"Furunculosis",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"}}},{text:"Follicular",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"},color:"B35A00",bold:true}},"Perifollicular dermis","S. aureus / MRSA","Fluctuant abscess","Culture; I&D","I&D + TMP-SMX / Clindamycin"],
    [{text:"Carbuncle",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"}}},{text:"Follicular",options:{fill:{color:"FFF3E0"},color:"B35A00",bold:true}},"Confluent follicular → deep dermis","S. aureus / MRSA","Multi-headed abscess","Culture; systemic signs","I&D + IV antibiotics if severe"],
    [{text:"Erysipelas",options:{fill:{color:"F3E5F5"}}},{text:"Dermal/Subcut.",options:{fill:{color:"F3E5F5"},color:"6A0080",bold:true}},"Superficial dermis + lymphatics","S. pyogenes","SHARP-BORDERED red plaque","Sharp raised palpable edge","Penicillin V / Benzylpenicillin IV"],
    [{text:"Cellulitis",options:{fill:{color:"F3E5F5"}}},{text:"Dermal/Subcut.",options:{fill:{color:"F3E5F5"},color:"6A0080",bold:true}},"Deep dermis + subcutaneous","S. pyogenes / S. aureus / MRSA","ILL-DEFINED erythema","ALT-70 score; clinical","Cefalexin / Vancomycin (MRSA)"],
  ];

  slide.addTable(rows, { x:0.15, y:1.02, w:13.0, h:6.3, border:{pt:0.5,color:"CCDDEE"}, colW:[1.5,1.35,1.85,2.0,1.8,1.9,2.6], fontSize:9.5, autoPage:false });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – ANATOMICAL DEPTH DIAGRAM
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:13.3, h:0.18, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0.18, w:13.3, h:0.7, fill:{color:C.midBg}, line:{color:C.midBg} });
  slide.addText("ANATOMICAL DEPTH — DISEASE MAPPING", { x:0.3, y:0.18, w:12.8, h:0.7, fontSize:22, bold:true, color:C.white, valign:"middle", margin:0 });

  const layers = [
    { label:"Stratum Corneum",       y:1.0,  h:0.8,  color:"F5C842", textColor:C.darkBg },
    { label:"Epidermis",             y:1.8,  h:0.9,  color:"F5A623", textColor:C.white  },
    { label:"Dermis (Superficial)",  y:2.7,  h:1.0,  color:"E87040", textColor:C.white  },
    { label:"Dermis (Deep)",         y:3.7,  h:1.0,  color:"CC4A20", textColor:C.white  },
    { label:"Subcutaneous Tissue",   y:4.7,  h:1.0,  color:"9B3010", textColor:C.white  },
    { label:"Fascia / Muscle",       y:5.7,  h:0.75, color:"6B1B08", textColor:"FF9999" },
  ];
  layers.forEach(l => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0.2, y:l.y, w:3.0, h:l.h, fill:{color:l.color}, line:{color:l.color} });
    slide.addText(l.label, { x:0.25, y:l.y, w:2.9, h:l.h, fontSize:11, bold:true, color:l.textColor, valign:"middle", align:"center", margin:0 });
  });

  const dls = [
    { text:"Pitted Keratolysis · Erythrasma",           y:1.05,  color:C.superAccent },
    { text:"Impetigo (non-bullous + bullous) · Ecthyma (begins here)", y:1.88, color:C.superAccent },
    { text:"Folliculitis (superficial) · Sycosis Barbae · Ecthyma (extends) · Erysipelas", y:2.75, color:C.follAccent  },
    { text:"Furunculosis · Carbuncle · Cellulitis (involves this layer)", y:3.75, color:C.dermAccent  },
    { text:"Cellulitis (extends here) · Severe carbuncle", y:4.78, color:C.dermAccent  },
    { text:"Necrotising Fasciitis (NOT covered — surgical emergency)", y:5.78, color:"FF6B6B"  },
  ];
  dls.forEach(d => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:3.4, y:d.y, w:0.05, h:0.62, fill:{color:d.color}, line:{color:d.color} });
    slide.addText(d.text, { x:3.55, y:d.y, w:9.5, h:0.62, fontSize:11.5, color:d.color, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });

  const legends = [
    {label:"SUPERFICIAL",color:C.superAccent,x:0.3},
    {label:"FOLLICULAR",color:C.follAccent,x:4.2},
    {label:"DERMAL / SUBCUTANEOUS",color:C.dermAccent,x:7.8},
  ];
  legends.forEach(l => {
    slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:l.x, y:6.92, w:0.32, h:0.32, fill:{color:l.color}, line:{color:l.color} });
    slide.addText(l.label, { x:l.x+0.38, y:6.92, w:3.2, h:0.32, fontSize:10.5, color:l.color, valign:"middle", margin:0 });
  });
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE – REFERENCES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0, w:13.3, h:0.18, fill:{color:C.gold}, line:{color:C.gold} });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:0.18, w:13.3, h:0.75, fill:{color:C.midBg}, line:{color:C.midBg} });
  slide.addText("REFERENCES", { x:0.4, y:0.18, w:12.5, h:0.75, fontSize:26, bold:true, color:C.white, charSpacing:4, valign:"middle" });

  const refs = [
    "1.  James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2020. ISBN 9780323547536. Chapters 14, pp. 297–310.",
    "2.  Andrews' Diseases of the Skin Clinical Atlas. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018. ISBN 9780323790130. Chapter 14.",
    "3.  Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, et al. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2019. ISBN 9780071837781. Ch.150 (pp.2768–2774) & Ch.151 (pp.2775–2786).",
    "4.  Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the IDSA. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10–e52.",
    "5.  Jacka J, Sierla R, Kilbreath SL. Systematic Review of Cellulitis Guidelines: Non-Pharmacological Management in Preventing Recurrence. Australas J Dermatol. 2025. PMID 40530782.",
    "6.  Rho NK, Kim BJ. A corynebacterial triad: pitted keratolysis, trichomycosis axillaris, and erythrasma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 1):S57–S58.",
  ];
  refs.forEach((r,i) => {
    slide.addText(r, { x:0.4, y:1.1+i*0.9, w:12.5, h:0.8, fontSize:11.5, color:"AACCDD", valign:"top" });
  });

  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x:0, y:7.1, w:13.3, h:0.4, fill:{color:C.accent}, line:{color:C.accent} });
  slide.addText("Common Cutaneous Bacterial Infections  |  Evidence-Based Review  |  " + new Date().getFullYear(), {
    x:0.3, y:7.1, w:12.7, h:0.4, fontSize:10, color:C.white, align:"center", valign:"middle"
  });
}

// ─── WRITE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Cutaneous_Bacterial_Infections_v2.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("✅ PPT v2 created successfully"))
  .catch(e => { console.error("❌ Error:", e); process.exit(1); });
Running Command

cd /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt && node build_v2.js 2>&1

Running Command

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Cutaneous_Bacterial_Infections_v2.pptx

All 18 images fetched and embedded successfully. Here is your updated presentation:

Cutaneous Bacterial Infections v2

Presentation · PPTX


What was updated in this version:
Images added (18 total, all from Andrews' Clinical Atlas):
  • Impetigo - 3 images: non-bullous (crusted lesion), bullous impetigo (multiple bullae on back), facial impetigo
  • Ecthyma - 2 images: punched-out ulcer + leg lesion with crusted base
  • Erythrasma - 2 images: large intertriginous brown patch + vulvar erythrasma
  • Pitted Keratolysis - 2 images: bilateral plantar pits + close-up foot lesion
  • Folliculitis - 3 images: staphylococcal folliculitis (face), perifollicular pustule, buttock folliculitis
  • Furunculosis - 2 images: staphylococcal abscesses (hairy skin + chest)
  • Erysipelas - 2 images: facial erysipelas with swelling + ear/neck erysipelas
  • Cellulitis - 2 images: lower leg cellulitis + lymphangitis of forearm
Font size increases:
  • Definition strips: 12 pt
  • Section content bullets: 11.5 pt
  • Box headers: 13 pt
  • Slide titles: 22 pt
  • Table text: 10.5-11.5 pt
  • Section dividers: 44 pt
Layout on each disease slide: Text content (4 boxes) on the left 60%, clinical image panel on the right 40% with dark background.

Give Furuncle and Carbuncle Separately

Reading File
Finding Sources
Reading File
Reading File
Good. I have all the content and images. Now I'll build a standalone PPT with just Furuncle and Carbuncle as separate, detailed slides:
Writing File

~/cutaneous-infections-ppt/build_furuncle_carbuncle.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const { execSync } = require("child_process");

// ─── IMAGE URLS ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const imageUrls = {
  furuncle_abscess1: "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/22025a8573ba0e5a6596f9ce843a97c9e56f6aaaeaaf374992daf796b4e22dcb.png", // hairy skin abscess
  furuncle_abscess2: "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/81eb40b7082d5c2d5ca38cc2e06797ed66b217c3f7d8aaae0db3d4aaa9039061.png", // chest abscess
  furuncle_abscess3: "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/272ec8c8d7508c7b992494c5a8314f60396b6d8f346210db436d6f951dd0f43c.png", // genital area abscess
  folliculitis_deep: "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/40388c8adeef18745048cab0a9be8afb2a191bbb871af16062706a09ae33db44.png", // deep folliculitis (for carbuncle section)
  buttock_foll:      "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/75baef6779e4aef72312a7d067ba6c93d0faf0128577e7d96020d2ca99fc72b7.png", // buttock confluent lesions
};

console.log("Fetching images...");
const urlArgs = Object.values(imageUrls).map(u => `"${u}"`).join(" ");
let imgData = {};
try {
  const raw = execSync(
    `node /home/daytona/skills/shared/scripts/fetch_images.js ${urlArgs}`,
    { maxBuffer: 30 * 1024 * 1024, timeout: 60000 }
  ).toString();
  const arr = JSON.parse(raw);
  Object.keys(imageUrls).forEach((k, i) => {
    imgData[k] = (arr[i] && !arr[i].error) ? arr[i].base64 : null;
  });
} catch(e) {
  console.error("Image fetch error:", e.message);
  Object.keys(imageUrls).forEach(k => imgData[k] = null);
}
console.log("Images fetched:", Object.values(imgData).filter(Boolean).length, "/", Object.keys(imgData).length);

// ─── PPT SETUP ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_WIDE"; // 13.3" x 7.5"
pres.title = "Furuncle & Carbuncle";

const C = {
  darkBg:     "0D2B45",
  midBg:      "1A4A6E",
  accent:     "E8930A",   // warm amber for follicular section
  accentDark: "B36200",
  accentPale: "FFF3E0",
  gold:       "E8B84B",
  white:      "FFFFFF",
  offWhite:   "FDF8F0",
  textDark:   "1A1A2E",
  textMid:    "3D2B00",
  danger:     "C0392B",
  dangerPale: "FDECEA",
  green:      "1E8449",
  greenPale:  "E9F7EF",
};

function addImg(slide, key, x, y, w, h) {
  if (imgData[key]) slide.addImage({ data: imgData[key], x, y, w, h });
}

function addBar(slide, x, y, w, h, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x, y, w, h, fill: { color }, line: { color } });
}

function labelBox(slide, x, y, w, h, title, titleColor, bgColor, lines, fs) {
  const fontSize = fs || 12;
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x, y, w, h, fill: { color: bgColor || C.white },
    line: { color: titleColor, transparency: 35 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 5, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.12 }
  });
  // title bar
  addBar(slide, x, y, w, 0.46, titleColor);
  slide.addText(title, {
    x: x + 0.1, y, w: w - 0.15, h: 0.46,
    fontSize: fontSize + 0.5, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  // left accent stripe
  addBar(slide, x, y + 0.46, 0.08, h - 0.46, titleColor);
  if (lines && lines.length) {
    slide.addText(
      lines.map((t, i) => ({
        text: t,
        options: {
          bullet: { type: "bullet", indent: 12 },
          breakLine: i < lines.length - 1,
          fontSize,
          color: C.textDark,
          paraSpaceAfter: 2
        }
      })),
      { x: x + 0.2, y: y + 0.5, w: w - 0.28, h: h - 0.56, valign: "top", margin: 0 }
    );
  }
}

function warningBox(slide, x, y, w, h, lines, fs) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x, y, w, h, fill: { color: C.dangerPale },
    line: { color: C.danger, transparency: 20 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  addBar(slide, x, y, 0.08, h, C.danger);
  addBar(slide, x, y, w, 0.42, C.danger);
  slide.addText("⚠  WARNING / DANGER ZONES", {
    x: x + 0.12, y, w: w - 0.15, h: 0.42,
    fontSize: (fs || 12) + 0.5, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  slide.addText(
    lines.map((t, i) => ({
      text: t,
      options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", indent: 12 }, breakLine: i < lines.length - 1, fontSize: fs || 12, color: C.danger }
    })),
    { x: x + 0.2, y: y + 0.48, w: w - 0.28, h: h - 0.54, valign: "top", margin: 0 }
  );
}

function greenBox(slide, x, y, w, h, title, lines, fs) {
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, {
    x, y, w, h, fill: { color: C.greenPale },
    line: { color: C.green, transparency: 30 },
    shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 4, offset: 1, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 }
  });
  addBar(slide, x, y, 0.08, h, C.green);
  addBar(slide, x, y, w, 0.46, C.green);
  slide.addText(title, {
    x: x + 0.12, y, w: w - 0.15, h: 0.46,
    fontSize: (fs || 12) + 0.5, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  slide.addText(
    lines.map((t, i) => ({
      text: t,
      options: { bullet: { type: "bullet", indent: 12 }, breakLine: i < lines.length - 1, fontSize: fs || 12, color: C.green }
    })),
    { x: x + 0.2, y: y + 0.5, w: w - 0.28, h: h - 0.56, valign: "top", margin: 0 }
  );
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 1 — TITLE
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };

  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 13.3, 0.2, C.accent);
  addBar(slide, 0, 0.2, 5.0, 7.3, C.midBg);

  // decorative circles
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: 0.4, y: 0.9, w: 3.0, h: 3.0, fill: { color: C.accent, transparency: 82 }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 82 } });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: 1.8, y: 4.2, w: 1.8, h: 1.8, fill: { color: C.gold, transparency: 84 }, line: { color: C.gold, transparency: 84 } });

  // category badges
  const badges = [
    { label: "FOLLICULAR INFECTION", color: C.accent, y: 2.3 },
    { label: "STAPHYLOCOCCAL ABSCESS", color: C.accentDark, y: 3.0 },
    { label: "B: DEEP FOLLICULAR CATEGORY", color: "5D4037", y: 3.7 },
  ];
  badges.forEach(b => {
    addBar(slide, 0.35, b.y, 4.1, 0.5, b.color);
    slide.addText(b.label, { x: 0.35, y: b.y, w: 4.1, h: 0.5, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  });

  slide.addText("FURUNCLE", {
    x: 5.3, y: 1.1, w: 7.6, h: 1.1,
    fontSize: 52, bold: true, color: C.accent, fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 3
  });
  slide.addText("& CARBUNCLE", {
    x: 5.3, y: 2.15, w: 7.6, h: 1.0,
    fontSize: 46, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", charSpacing: 3
  });
  addBar(slide, 5.3, 3.25, 7.6, 0.06, C.gold);
  slide.addText("Perifollicular Staphylococcal Abscess — Separately Described", {
    x: 5.3, y: 3.38, w: 7.6, h: 0.58,
    fontSize: 17, italic: true, color: "AACCDD"
  });
  slide.addText([
    { text: "References: ", options: { bold: true } },
    { text: "Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014" }
  ], { x: 5.3, y: 4.15, w: 7.6, h: 0.45, fontSize: 11, color: "88AABB" });

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.accent);
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 2 — FURUNCLE (Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.14, 7.5, C.accent);

  // Category badge
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 0.1, 3.5, 0.48, C.accent);
  slide.addText("B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", { x: 0.22, y: 0.1, w: 3.5, h: 0.48, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  // Slide title
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.08, 13.16, 0.82, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE (BOIL) — DEFINITION, ETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.82, fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.9, 13.16, 0.07, C.accent);

  // Definition banner
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 1.04, w: 12.86, h: 0.58, fill: { color: C.accent, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 50 } });
  slide.addText([
    { text: "DEFINITION: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accentDark } },
    { text: "An acute, round, tender, circumscribed, PERIFOLLICULAR staphylococcal abscess that generally ends in central suppuration. Involves the hair follicle AND the surrounding dermis.", options: { color: C.textDark } }
  ], { x: 0.32, y: 1.04, w: 12.6, h: 0.58, fontSize: 12.5, valign: "middle" });

  // 4 boxes: 2 left, image right
  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.72, 3.9, 2.55, "ETIOLOGY", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Staphylococcus aureus – principal causative organism",
    "Community-acquired MRSA increasingly common",
    "Hospital-acquired MRSA – often multidrug-resistant",
    "Nasal/perineal carriage = key endogenous reservoir",
    "Contagion or autoinoculation from carrier sites"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 4.25, 1.72, 3.9, 2.55, "PATHOGENESIS", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Begins in hair follicle → extends into perifollicular tissue",
    "Barrier compromise → portal of entry for S. aureus",
    "Triggers: friction, pressure, shaving, hyperhidrosis",
    "Dermatitis/dermatophytosis – predispose to follicular breach",
    "Lesions: central necrosis → suppuration → rupture",
    "Discharge of purulent/necrotic debris on rupture"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.35, 3.9, 2.55, "RISK FACTORS / PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Diabetes mellitus – most important systemic RF",
    "Atopic dermatitis – promotes S. aureus nasal carriage",
    "HIV/AIDS and iatrogenic immunosuppression",
    "Alcoholism and malnutrition",
    "Renal dialysis; isotretinoin/acitretin therapy",
    "Blood dyscrasias; neutrophil dysfunction disorders"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 4.25, 4.35, 3.9, 2.55, "SITES OF PREDILECTION", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Nape of neck (most common)",
    "Axillae and buttocks",
    "Face – especially beard area",
    "⚠ Upper lip and nose – DANGER AREA",
    "⚠ External auditory canal – avoid blind I&D",
    "Thighs, pubic region, perianal area"
  ], 12);

  // Image panel right
  addBar(slide, 8.3, 1.04, 4.88, 5.86, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES — FURUNCLE", { x: 8.35, y: 1.04, w: 4.78, h: 0.45, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.accent, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
  addImg(slide, "furuncle_abscess1", 8.35, 1.56, 4.78, 2.65);
  addImg(slide, "furuncle_abscess2", 8.35, 4.28, 4.78, 2.55);
  slide.addText("Furuncle – perifollicular abscess (Andrews' Atlas, Fig. 14.9)", { x: 8.35, y: 4.19, w: 4.78, h: 0.18, fontSize: 8.5, color: "AACCDD", align: "center" });

  // Bottom bar
  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e", { x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 12.8, h: 0.4, fontSize: 9.5, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 3 — FURUNCLE (Clinical Features, DDx)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.14, 7.5, C.accent);
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 0.1, 3.5, 0.48, C.accent);
  slide.addText("B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", { x: 0.22, y: 0.1, w: 3.5, h: 0.48, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.08, 13.16, 0.82, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE — CLINICAL FEATURES & DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.82, fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.9, 13.16, 0.07, C.accent);

  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.04, 7.95, 3.1, "CLINICAL FEATURES", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Acute, round, tender, warm, indurated nodule around a hair follicle",
    "Begins as firm, painful erythematous nodule → becomes fluctuant",
    "Central necrosis develops → 'pointing' of the abscess",
    "Rupture with discharge of yellow-green pus and necrotic core",
    "Surrounding erythema and oedema; satellite lesions may develop",
    "Fever and lymphadenopathy – especially in carbuncle or facial furuncle",
    "Recurrences common due to persistent nasal/perineal carriage",
    "Facial furuncles: risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis via facial veins"
  ], 12.5);

  // Stages box
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 4.24, w: 7.95, h: 2.65, fill: { color: C.white }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 35 }, shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 5, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 } });
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 4.24, 7.95, 0.46, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("STAGES OF A FURUNCLE", { x: 0.32, y: 4.24, w: 7.75, h: 0.46, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const stages = [
    { n: "1", label: "Early / Incipient", desc: "Firm erythematous nodule; no fluctuation; warm compresses + oral antibiotics", color: "E8930A" },
    { n: "2", label: "Suppurative", desc: "Softening; fluctuation develops; abscess localized; I&D now indicated", color: "CC6600" },
    { n: "3", label: "Pointing/Rupture", desc: "Spontaneous rupture; purulent + necrotic discharge; wound care + antibiotics", color: "AA4400" },
    { n: "4", label: "Resolving", desc: "Granulation tissue; scar formation; decolonisation to prevent recurrence", color: "882200" },
  ];
  stages.forEach((s, i) => {
    const sx = 0.35 + i * 1.97;
    addBar(slide, sx, 4.78, 1.82, 0.38, s.color);
    slide.addText(`STAGE ${s.n}: ${s.label}`, { x: sx, y: 4.78, w: 1.82, h: 0.38, fontSize: 9.5, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
    slide.addText(s.desc, { x: sx + 0.04, y: 5.22, w: 1.74, h: 1.58, fontSize: 10, color: C.textDark, valign: "top", margin: 0 });
  });

  // DDx table right
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 8.3, y: 1.04, w: 4.88, h: 5.86, fill: { color: C.white }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 35 }, shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 5, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 } });
  addBar(slide, 8.3, 1.04, 4.88, 0.46, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", { x: 8.4, y: 1.04, w: 4.68, h: 0.46, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const ddx = [
    ["Hidradenitis suppurativa", "Axillae/groins; tunnels; recurrent; comedones; scarring"],
    ["Infected sebaceous cyst", "Pre-existing cyst; cheesy caseous material; no follicular origin"],
    ["Cystic acne", "Face; comedones; chronic; multiple lesions; no nasal carriage"],
    ["Carbuncle", "Confluent furuncles with multiple heads; more systemic signs"],
    ["Cutaneous anthrax", "Eschar; painless; exposure history; oedema"],
    ["Inflamed EIC", "Prior cyst; rupture; no central necrotic core"],
    ["Lymphadenitis", "Deeper structure; no follicular origin; firm nodes"],
    ["Erysipelas/cellulitis", "No abscess; ill-defined erythema; no fluctuance"],
  ];
  const ddxRows = [
    [{ text: "CONDITION", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } },
     { text: "DISTINGUISHING FEATURE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.textMid } } }],
    ...ddx.map(r => r)
  ];
  slide.addTable(ddxRows, { x: 8.35, y: 1.58, w: 4.78, h: 5.25, border: { pt: 0.5, color: "DDCCAA" }, fill: { color: "FFFBF5" }, colW: [1.8, 2.98], fontSize: 10.5 });

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e", { x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 12.8, h: 0.4, fontSize: 9.5, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 4 — FURUNCLE (Management & Prevention)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.14, 7.5, C.accent);
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 0.1, 3.5, 0.48, C.accent);
  slide.addText("B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", { x: 0.22, y: 0.1, w: 3.5, h: 0.48, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.08, 13.16, 0.82, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE — MANAGEMENT & PREVENTION", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.82, fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.9, 13.16, 0.07, C.accent);

  // Surgical management
  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.04, 4.0, 2.8, "SURGICAL MANAGEMENT", C.accent, C.white, [
    "Pre-fluctuant: warm compresses + oral antibiotics (no I&D yet)",
    "Hot wet soaks: aluminium acetate 1:20 dilution",
    "Fluctuant furuncle: INCISION & DRAINAGE (I&D) – definitive",
    "RCT evidence: I&D + antibiotics > I&D alone (even for <5 cm)",
    "Facial/nasal/ear canal furuncles: avoid I&D; treat medically",
    "Anhydrous aluminium chloride (Drysol) – chronic buttock disease"
  ], 12);

  // Antibiotic management
  labelBox(slide, 4.35, 1.04, 4.05, 2.8, "ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY", C.accent, C.white, [
    "MSSA: Dicloxacillin or Cefalexin (first-gen cephalosporin)",
    "MRSA (community): TMP-SMX or Clindamycin – first-line",
    "MRSA alternatives: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Linezolid",
    "Rifampin: NOT used alone; combine for carriage eradication",
    "Adjust all therapy based on culture & sensitivity results",
    "IV antibiotics: facial furuncles; systemic sepsis; immunocompromised"
  ], 12);

  // Danger zone
  warningBox(slide, 0.22, 3.95, 8.18, 2.95, [
    "Upper lip & nose furuncles: drain via facial veins → cavernous sinus → CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS",
    "External auditory canal: spontaneous drainage common; antibiotic ointment first; systemic antibiotics; avoid forceful I&D",
    "NEVER squeeze facial furuncles – squeezing propels infected emboli into intracranial venous sinuses",
    "Fever + facial furuncle + altered sensorium → emergency – IV antibiotics + CT head immediately"
  ], 12);

  // Prevention
  greenBox(slide, 8.52, 1.04, 4.58, 5.86, "PREVENTION & DECOLONISATION", [
    "Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash – axillae, groin, perianal",
    "Bleach baths 3×/week: ½ cup/40-gallon tub (0.005% NaOCl)",
    "Mupirocin to anterior nares BD × 5 days; repeat monthly",
    "Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)",
    "No sharing of towels, razors, clothing",
    "Do NOT share moisturiser containers (AD re-inoculation)",
    "MSSA carriage: Rifampin 10d + Dicloxacillin",
    "MRSA carriage: Rifampin 10d + TMP-SMX",
    "Long-term: low-dose Clindamycin × 3 months",
    "Treat atopic dermatitis aggressively",
    "Treat all household contacts/members",
    "Repeat cultures after decolonisation to confirm eradication"
  ], 12);

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014", { x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 12.8, h: 0.4, fontSize: 9.5, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 5 — CARBUNCLE SECTION DIVIDER
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: "1C0A00" };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.6, 7.5, C.accentDark);
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.6, y: 0, w: 5.2, h: 7.5, fill: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 88 }, line: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 88 } });
  slide.addText("CARBUNCLE", { x: 1.4, y: 2.0, w: 11.5, h: 1.5, fontSize: 58, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  slide.addText("Confluent furuncles with multiple heads — deeper, more severe, systemic involvement common", {
    x: 1.4, y: 3.65, w: 11.2, h: 0.75, fontSize: 17, italic: true, color: "FFDDAA"
  });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 1.4, y: 3.55, w: 11.2, h: 0.05, fill: { color: C.gold }, line: { color: C.gold } });
  slide.addText("B: FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS  |  Andrews' Diseases of the Skin  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e", {
    x: 1.4, y: 4.55, w: 11.2, h: 0.45, fontSize: 12, color: "AACCDD", italic: true
  });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 6 — CARBUNCLE (Definition, Etiology, Clinical)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.14, 7.5, C.accentDark);
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 0.1, 3.5, 0.48, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", { x: 0.22, y: 0.1, w: 3.5, h: 0.48, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.08, 13.16, 0.82, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("CARBUNCLE — DEFINITION, ETIOLOGY & CLINICAL FEATURES", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.82, fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.9, 13.16, 0.07, C.accentDark);

  // Definition + vs furuncle comparison
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 1.04, w: 12.86, h: 0.64, fill: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 85 }, line: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 50 } });
  slide.addText([
    { text: "DEFINITION: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accentDark } },
    { text: "A carbuncle is two or more confluent furuncles, each with a SEPARATE head, forming a large deep painful abscess with multiple draining sinuses. More severe than a single furuncle with prominent systemic features.", options: { color: C.textDark } }
  ], { x: 0.32, y: 1.04, w: 12.6, h: 0.64, fontSize: 12.5, valign: "middle" });

  // Furuncle vs carbuncle comparison table
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.22, y: 1.76, w: 7.95, h: 3.5, fill: { color: C.white }, line: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 35 }, shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 5, offset: 2, angle: 135, opacity: 0.1 } });
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 1.76, 7.95, 0.46, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE vs CARBUNCLE — KEY DIFFERENCES", { x: 0.32, y: 1.76, w: 7.75, h: 0.46, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });

  const compareRows = [
    [{ text: "FEATURE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: "4A2000" } } },
     { text: "FURUNCLE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.accent } } },
     { text: "CARBUNCLE", options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: { color: C.accentDark } } }],
    ["Definition", "Single perifollicular abscess", "≥2 confluent furuncles; multiple heads"],
    ["Depth", "Deep dermis + perifollicular", "Extends into subcutaneous fat"],
    ["Discharge", "Single draining point", "Multiple draining sinuses"],
    ["Systemic signs", "Usually absent", "Fever, malaise, chills common"],
    ["Scarring", "Small scar on healing", "Significant scarring"],
    ["Common site", "Nape, axillae, buttocks", "Nape of neck most common"],
    ["Management", "I&D ± antibiotics", "I&D + systemic antibiotics; may need IV"],
  ];
  slide.addTable(compareRows, { x: 0.3, y: 2.3, w: 7.8, h: 2.88, border: { pt: 0.5, color: "DDCCAA" }, fill: { color: "FFFBF5" }, colW: [2.0, 2.85, 2.95], fontSize: 11 });

  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 5.35, 7.95, 1.65, "ETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS", C.accentDark, C.white, [
    "S. aureus (MRSA increasingly common) – as per furuncle",
    "Develops from multiple adjacent follicular infections coalescing",
    "Extends deeply through dermis into subcutaneous fat",
    "Multiple loculi formed → multiple drainage points on surface"
  ], 12);

  // Image panel
  addBar(slide, 8.3, 1.04, 4.88, 5.96, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("CLINICAL IMAGES", { x: 8.35, y: 1.04, w: 4.78, h: 0.45, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: C.gold, align: "center", valign: "middle" });
  addImg(slide, "furuncle_abscess1", 8.35, 1.56, 4.78, 2.55);
  addImg(slide, "buttock_foll",      8.35, 4.2,  4.78, 2.73);
  slide.addText("Confluent furuncular lesions – multiple heads (Andrews' Atlas)", { x: 8.35, y: 4.12, w: 4.78, h: 0.18, fontSize: 8.5, color: "AACCDD", align: "center" });

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e", { x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 12.8, h: 0.4, fontSize: 9.5, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 7 — CARBUNCLE (DDx, Management, Prevention)
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
{
  const slide = pres.addSlide();
  slide.background = { color: C.offWhite };
  addBar(slide, 0, 0, 0.14, 7.5, C.accentDark);
  addBar(slide, 0.22, 0.1, 3.5, 0.48, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("B - FOLLICULAR INFECTIONS", { x: 0.22, y: 0.1, w: 3.5, h: 0.48, fontSize: 10, bold: true, color: C.white, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.08, 13.16, 0.82, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("CARBUNCLE — DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT & PREVENTION", {
    x: 0.3, y: 0.08, w: 12.8, h: 0.82, fontSize: 21, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
  addBar(slide, 0.14, 0.9, 13.16, 0.07, C.accentDark);

  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 1.04, 4.0, 3.1, "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS", C.accentDark, C.white, [
    "Single large furuncle – no multiple heads",
    "Hidradenitis suppurativa – tunnels; axillae/groins; chronic",
    "Infected sebaceous cyst – cheesy material; no follicular",
    "Cutaneous anthrax – eschar; painless; oedema; exposure Hx",
    "Cellulitis – no abscess; ill-defined erythema; no fluctuance",
    "Pilonidal abscess – natal cleft; midline pits; hair tuft",
    "Actinomycosis – jaw/neck; sulfur granules; indolent"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 4.35, 1.04, 4.05, 3.1, "SURGICAL MANAGEMENT", C.accentDark, C.white, [
    "I&D is mandatory – multiple loculi must be broken down",
    "Wide incision; break all loculations; thorough drainage",
    "Wound packing may be required after drainage",
    "Wound irrigation with normal saline",
    "Mark surrounding erythema to monitor response",
    "Refer large/complicated carbuncles to surgeon",
    "CT/MRI if deep extension suspected"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 0.22, 4.24, 4.0, 2.75, "ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY", C.accentDark, C.white, [
    "Systemic antibiotics always required (unlike simple furuncle)",
    "MSSA: Dicloxacillin or Cefalexin oral",
    "MRSA: TMP-SMX or Clindamycin oral",
    "Severe/septic: IV Vancomycin (MRSA) or Nafcillin (MSSA)",
    "Adjust per culture & sensitivity results",
    "Duration: typically 5-7 days after adequate drainage"
  ], 12);

  labelBox(slide, 4.35, 4.24, 4.05, 2.75, "SUPPORTIVE MEASURES", C.accentDark, C.white, [
    "Bed rest; adequate hydration; analgesia",
    "Warm moist compresses to aid pointing pre-I&D",
    "Wound care post-I&D: daily dressing changes",
    "Monitor for systemic sepsis – blood cultures if febrile",
    "Echocardiogram if bacteraemia suspected",
    "Screen for diabetes mellitus if recurrent"
  ], 12);

  greenBox(slide, 8.52, 1.04, 4.58, 5.96, "PREVENTION (same as Furuncle)", [
    "Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash (axillae, groin, perianal)",
    "Bleach baths 3×/week: ½ cup/40-gallon tub",
    "Mupirocin nares BD × 5 days; repeat monthly",
    "Daily laundering of bedding and clothing",
    "No sharing personal items (towels, razors)",
    "Treat all household contacts",
    "MSSA carriage: Rifampin + Dicloxacillin × 10 days",
    "MRSA carriage: Rifampin + TMP-SMX × 10 days",
    "Low-dose Clindamycin × 3 months (recurrent disease)",
    "Screen for and control DM",
    "Treat atopic dermatitis aggressively",
    "Isotretinoin patients: bacitracin nares BD throughout therapy"
  ], 12);

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.darkBg);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303  |  IDSA Guidelines 2014", { x: 0.2, y: 7.1, w: 12.8, h: 0.4, fontSize: 9.5, color: "99BBCC", italic: true, valign: "middle" });
}

// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDE 8 — SUMMARY COMPARISON
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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  slide.background = { color: C.darkBg };
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  addBar(slide, 0, 0.2, 13.3, 0.72, C.midBg);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE vs CARBUNCLE — COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY", {
    x: 0.4, y: 0.2, w: 12.5, h: 0.72, fontSize: 23, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle"
  });

  // Two large panels side by side
  // FURUNCLE panel
  addBar(slide, 0.2, 1.02, 6.3, 0.5, C.accent);
  slide.addText("FURUNCLE  (Boil)", { x: 0.3, y: 1.02, w: 6.1, h: 0.5, fontSize: 16, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.2, y: 1.52, w: 6.3, h: 5.48, fill: { color: "FFF8F0" }, line: { color: C.accent, transparency: 30 } });

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    ["Definition", "Single perifollicular abscess; central suppuration"],
    ["Organism", "S. aureus (MRSA increasingly common)"],
    ["Depth", "Perifollicular dermis"],
    ["Discharge", "Single draining point"],
    ["Sites", "Nape, axillae, buttocks, face"],
    ["DANGER ZONE", "Upper lip & nose → cavernous sinus thrombosis"],
    ["Systemic signs", "Usually absent unless facial/severe"],
    ["I&D", "When fluctuant (even <5 cm)"],
    ["Antibiotics", "MSSA: Dicloxacillin | MRSA: TMP-SMX or Clindamycin"],
    ["Prevention", "Chlorhexidine wash + bleach baths + mupirocin nares"],
    ["Complication", "Spread → carbuncle; bacteraemia; osteomyelitis"],
  ];
  slide.addTable(furRows, { x: 0.28, y: 1.6, w: 6.15, h: 5.35, border: { pt: 0.5, color: "DDCCAA" }, fill: { color: "FFF8F0" }, colW: [2.0, 4.15], fontSize: 11 });

  // CARBUNCLE panel
  addBar(slide, 6.82, 1.02, 6.28, 0.5, C.accentDark);
  slide.addText("CARBUNCLE", { x: 6.92, y: 1.02, w: 6.1, h: 0.5, fontSize: 16, bold: true, color: C.white, valign: "middle", margin: 0 });
  slide.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 6.82, y: 1.52, w: 6.28, h: 5.48, fill: { color: "FFF5EE" }, line: { color: C.accentDark, transparency: 30 } });

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    ["Definition", "≥2 confluent furuncles; multiple separate heads"],
    ["Organism", "S. aureus (MRSA); as per furuncle"],
    ["Depth", "Deep dermis + subcutaneous fat"],
    ["Discharge", "Multiple draining sinuses"],
    ["Sites", "Nape of neck most common; back; buttocks"],
    ["Systemic signs", "Fever, malaise, chills COMMON"],
    ["Scarring", "Significant scarring on healing"],
    ["I&D", "Mandatory; wide incision; break all loculations"],
    ["Antibiotics", "ALWAYS systemic; IV if severe/septic"],
    ["Prevention", "Same as furuncle + screen for DM"],
    ["Complication", "Septicaemia; osteomyelitis; endocarditis"],
  ];
  slide.addTable(carbRows, { x: 6.9, y: 1.6, w: 6.12, h: 5.35, border: { pt: 0.5, color: "DDCCAA" }, fill: { color: "FFF5EE" }, colW: [2.0, 4.12], fontSize: 11 });

  addBar(slide, 0, 7.1, 13.3, 0.4, C.accent);
  slide.addText("Andrews' Diseases of the Skin 12e  |  Fitzpatrick's Dermatology 9e  |  IDSA 2014", {
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// ─── WRITE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Furuncle_Carbuncle.pptx" })
  .then(() => console.log("✅ Furuncle & Carbuncle PPT created"))
  .catch(e => { console.error("❌ Error:", e); process.exit(1); });
Running Command

cd /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt && node build_furuncle_carbuncle.js 2>&1

Running Command

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/cutaneous-infections-ppt/Furuncle_Carbuncle.pptx

Here is your dedicated Furuncle & Carbuncle presentation:

Furuncle Carbuncle

Presentation · PPTX


8 slides — fully separated:
SlideContent
1Title slide — amber/navy theme
2FURUNCLE — Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis & Risk Factors — with 2 clinical images
3FURUNCLE — Clinical Features, 4 Stages of progression, Differential Diagnosis table
4FURUNCLE — Management (surgical + antibiotics), Danger Zone warning box, Prevention
5CARBUNCLE — Section divider slide
6CARBUNCLE — Definition, Furuncle vs Carbuncle comparison table, Etiology — with images
7CARBUNCLE — DDx, Surgical management, Antibiotic therapy, Supportive care, Prevention
8Side-by-side comprehensive summary table — Furuncle vs Carbuncle across all key aspects
Key features:
  • Danger Zone warning boxes (red) for upper lip/nose cavernous sinus risk
  • Furuncle vs Carbuncle comparison table highlighting all differences
  • 4-stage progression diagram for furuncle
  • Green prevention/decolonisation boxes on both slides
  • 5 clinical images from Andrews' Atlas embedded throughout

Contents not ppt

Here is the complete PPT-ready content for Furuncle and Carbuncle separately — paste directly into your slides.

FURUNCLE & CARBUNCLE

PPT Content — Direct Paste Format



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FURUNCLE (BOIL)

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[SLIDE 1] FURUNCLE — TITLE / OVERVIEW

FURUNCLE (BOIL) Follicular Infection — Category B
  • Acute, deep perifollicular staphylococcal abscess
  • Involves the entire hair follicle + surrounding dermis
  • Ends in central suppuration and rupture
  • Common, recurrent, and potentially dangerous at certain sites

[SLIDE 2] FURUNCLE — DEFINITION

Definition: An acute, round, tender, circumscribed perifollicular staphylococcal abscess that generally ends in central suppuration
Key distinguishing points:
  • Involves the FULL hair follicle + surrounding tissue (deeper than folliculitis)
  • Single abscess cavity (vs carbuncle = multiple confluent)
  • Discharges purulent and necrotic debris on rupture
  • Usually heals with a small scar
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 3] FURUNCLE — ETIOLOGY

Primary Organism:
  • Staphylococcus aureus — principal causative organism
  • Community-acquired MRSA increasingly common
  • Hospital-acquired MRSA — multidrug resistant strains
Source / Reservoir:
  • Nasal carriage — most important endogenous reservoir
  • Perineal carriage — second most common
  • Transmission: autoinoculation OR contagion from carrier
  • Tubs of moisturiser shared by atopic patients — source of re-inoculation
Trigger for Infection:
  • Barrier compromise: friction, pressure, shaving, hyperhidrosis
  • Pre-existing dermatitis or dermatophytosis
  • Portal of entry → ubiquitous S. aureus invades deeper follicle
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 4] FURUNCLE — RISK FACTORS

Systemic Predisposing Conditions:
  • Diabetes mellitus — most important systemic risk factor
  • Atopic dermatitis — promotes nasal S. aureus carriage state
  • HIV/AIDS and iatrogenic immunosuppression
  • Alcoholism and malnutrition
  • Blood dyscrasias and neutrophil dysfunction disorders
  • Renal dialysis patients
  • Isotretinoin or acitretin therapy
Local Predisposing Factors:
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Obesity
  • Friction and pressure
  • Pre-existing skin disease (eczema, tinea)
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 5] FURUNCLE — CLINICAL FEATURES

Morphology:
  • Begins: firm, painful, erythematous, indurated nodule at hair follicle
  • Evolves: central softening → fluctuation → "pointing"
  • Ruptures: discharges yellow-green pus + necrotic core
  • Heals: with a small scar
Sites of Predilection:
  • Nape of neck (most common)
  • Axillae
  • Buttocks and thighs
  • Face — beard area, perianal area, pubic region
Symptoms:
  • Pain, tenderness, warmth, erythema
  • Fever and lymphadenopathy — especially if facial or large
  • Satellite lesions may develop (autoinoculation)
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 6] FURUNCLE — STAGES OF PROGRESSION

StageDescriptionManagement at this Stage
1. Early/IncipientFirm erythematous nodule; no fluctuation; abscess not yet collectedWarm compresses + oral antibiotics; I&D NOT yet possible
2. SuppurativeCentral softening; fluctuation developing; abscess localisingContinue warm compresses; prepare for I&D
3. FluctuantDefinite fluctuance; abscess collectedI&D now indicated — definitive treatment
4. Pointing/RuptureSpontaneous rupture; pus + necrotic core dischargedWound care; complete evacuation; antibiotics
5. ResolvingGranulation tissue formingScar formation; decolonisation to prevent recurrence

[SLIDE 7] FURUNCLE — ⚠ DANGER ZONES

Upper Lip & Nose (DANGER AREA):
  • Facial veins drain via ophthalmic veins → cavernous sinus
  • Squeezing/I&D → infected emboli → Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
  • Features of CST: high fever, headache, proptosis, chemosis, altered consciousness
  • NEVER SQUEEZE facial furuncles
  • Treatment: IV antibiotics; no incision; admit
External Auditory Canal:
  • Spontaneous drainage is common
  • Try antibiotic ointment + systemic antibiotics first
  • Avoid forceful I&D — risk of trauma and spread
Any Furuncle + Fever + Rigors:
  • Screen for bacteraemia — blood cultures
  • Consider endocarditis if persistent bacteraemia

[SLIDE 8] FURUNCLE — DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionDistinguishing Feature
CarbuncleMultiple confluent heads; systemic signs more prominent
Hidradenitis suppurativaAxillae/groins; tunnels; scarring; comedones; recurrent
Infected sebaceous cystCheesy material; pre-existing cyst; no follicular origin
Cystic acneFace; comedones; chronic; multiple lesions
Cutaneous anthraxPainless eschar; exposure history; marked oedema
Inflamed epidermal inclusion cystPrior cyst history; no central necrotic core
LymphadenitisDeeper structure; firm; no follicular origin
CellulitisIll-defined erythema; no fluctuance; no abscess

[SLIDE 9] FURUNCLE — MANAGEMENT

Step 1 — Non-fluctuant (Early):
  • Warm moist compresses
  • Hot wet soaks: aluminium acetate solution 1:20 dilution
  • Oral antibiotics (see below)
Step 2 — Fluctuant Furuncle:
  • Incision & Drainage (I&D) — definitive treatment
  • RCT evidence: I&D + antibiotics > I&D alone (even for abscesses <5 cm)
    • I&D + clindamycin OR TMP-SMX → increased cure rate + decreased rebound
Antibiotics:
OrganismFirst-lineAlternative
MSSADicloxacillin or CefalexinAmoxicillin-clavulanate
MRSATMP-SMX or ClindamycinDoxycycline / Minocycline
Severe/IVVancomycin (MRSA) / Nafcillin (MSSA)Linezolid
  • Adjust all therapy per culture and sensitivity results
  • Facial furuncles: IV antibiotics; do NOT perform I&D
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303; IDSA 2014

[SLIDE 10] FURUNCLE — PREVENTION & DECOLONISATION

Hygiene Measures:
  • Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash — axillae, groin, perianal area (1 week initially)
  • Bleach baths 3×/week: ½ cup sodium hypochlorite/40-gallon tub (0.005%)
  • Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)
  • Frequent handwashing
  • No sharing of towels, razors, clothing, sports equipment
  • Do NOT share moisturiser containers (re-inoculation risk in atopic patients)
  • Keep fingernails short and clean
Decolonisation Regimens:
  • Mupirocin ointment to anterior nares BD × 5 days; repeat every 4 weeks
  • MSSA nasal carriage: Rifampin 10 days + Dicloxacillin (concurrent)
  • MRSA nasal carriage: Rifampin 10 days + TMP-SMX (concurrent)
  • Chronic/recurrent: Low-dose clindamycin × 3 months
  • Isotretinoin patients: Bacitracin ointment to nares BD throughout therapy
  • Treat ALL household members and close contacts
  • Repeat cultures after treatment to confirm eradication
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 303


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CARBUNCLE

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━


[SLIDE 11] CARBUNCLE — TITLE / OVERVIEW

CARBUNCLE Follicular Infection — Category B (Deeper & More Severe)
  • Confluence of two or more furuncles with separate heads
  • Deep extension into subcutaneous fat
  • Always associated with systemic features
  • Requires mandatory surgical drainage + systemic antibiotics
  • Higher risk of complications than single furuncle

[SLIDE 12] CARBUNCLE — DEFINITION

Definition: A carbuncle is two or more confluent furuncles, each with a separate draining head, forming a large, deep, painful abscess with multiple sinuses communicating with the skin surface
Key distinguishing points from furuncle:
  • Multiple loculi (compartments) internally
  • Multiple discharge points on the skin surface
  • Extends deep into subcutaneous fat (not just dermis)
  • Systemic features (fever, malaise, chills) are the rule, not the exception
  • Significant scarring on healing
  • Antibiotics always required (not optional)
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 13] CARBUNCLE — ETIOLOGY

Organism:
  • Staphylococcus aureus — same as furuncle
  • Community-acquired MRSA increasingly common
  • Hospital-acquired MRSA — multidrug resistant
Pathogenesis:
  • Develops from multiple adjacent follicular infections coalescing
  • Individual furuncles merge → break down intervening tissue
  • Forms a large mass with multiple loculi
  • Extends through dermis into subcutaneous fat
  • Multiple skin communications form — each = one "head"
  • Deeper extension → more systemic absorption of toxins + bacteria
Same risk factors as furuncle:
  • Diabetes mellitus (most important — screen all patients with carbuncle)
  • Immunosuppression, atopic dermatitis, malnutrition
  • Nape of neck most common site — thick skin, friction, collar irritation
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302

[SLIDE 14] CARBUNCLE — CLINICAL FEATURES

Morphology:
  • Large, deep, indurated, tender, erythematous mass
  • Multiple pustules/heads visible at skin surface ("pepper-pot" appearance)
  • Multiple draining sinuses discharging pus + necrotic material
  • Surrounding oedema and erythema
  • Heals with significant scarring
Sites:
  • Nape of neck — most common
  • Back and shoulders
  • Buttocks and thighs
  • Diabetic patients: may occur on trunk and limbs
Systemic Features (consistently present):
  • Fever — often high grade
  • Chills and rigors
  • Malaise and fatigue
  • Leukocytosis
Complications:
  • Bacteraemia and septicaemia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Meningitis (if facial)
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303

[SLIDE 15] CARBUNCLE vs FURUNCLE — KEY DIFFERENCES

FeatureFuruncleCarbuncle
DefinitionSingle perifollicular abscess≥2 confluent furuncles; multiple heads
DepthDeep dermis + perifollicularDeep dermis + subcutaneous fat
DischargeSingle draining pointMultiple draining sinuses
SizeUsually small (1-3 cm)Larger; may be 3-10 cm or more
Systemic signsUsually absentFever, malaise, chills — common
ScarringSmall scarSignificant scarring
Common siteNape, axillae, buttocksNape of neck most common
AntibioticsOptional + I&DAlways required
I&DStandard I&DWide incision; break all loculations
IV antibioticsOnly if severe/facialRequired if systemic signs present
Complication riskLowHigher — bacteraemia, endocarditis

[SLIDE 16] CARBUNCLE — DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ConditionDistinguishing Feature
Single large furuncleNo multiple heads; smaller; less systemic signs
Hidradenitis suppurativaAxillae/groins; tunnels; comedones; chronic; scarring
Infected sebaceous cystCheesy material; pre-existing cyst; no follicular origin
Cutaneous anthraxPainless eschar; marked surrounding oedema; exposure history
CellulitisIll-defined erythema; no abscess; no discharge
Pilonidal abscessNatal cleft; midline pits; hair tuft; no follicular heads
ActinomycosisJaw/neck; sulfur granules; indolent; sinus tracts
Tuberculosis cutisIndolent; cold abscess; no heat; TB history

[SLIDE 17] CARBUNCLE — MANAGEMENT

Surgical — MANDATORY:
  • Wide incision and drainage — always required
  • All loculations must be broken down digitally or with clamp
  • Thorough irrigation with normal saline
  • Wound packing may be required (gauze) — change daily
  • Mark surrounding erythema to monitor response
  • Refer large or complicated carbuncles to surgeon
  • CT/MRI if deep extension into fascia/muscle suspected
Antibiotics — ALWAYS REQUIRED:
OrganismOral (mild-moderate)IV (severe/systemic)
MSSADicloxacillin or CefalexinNafcillin or Cefazolin
MRSATMP-SMX or ClindamycinVancomycin
Culture directedPer sensitivity resultPer sensitivity result
  • Duration: typically 5-7 days after adequate drainage
  • Adjust per culture and sensitivity results always
Supportive:
  • Bed rest; adequate analgesia
  • Warm compresses before drainage to aid pointing
  • Monitor for signs of systemic sepsis
  • Blood cultures if febrile — bacteraemia in ~5%
  • Echocardiogram if bacteraemia confirmed
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303; IDSA 2014

[SLIDE 18] CARBUNCLE — PREVENTION

(Same principles as furuncle — all measures apply)
Hygiene & Skin Care:
  • Daily 4% chlorhexidine wash — axillae, groin, perianal area
  • Bleach baths 3×/week: ½ cup sodium hypochlorite/40-gallon tub
  • Launder bedding and clothing daily (initially)
  • No sharing of personal items
Decolonisation:
  • Mupirocin ointment to anterior nares BD × 5 days; repeat monthly
  • MSSA carriage: Rifampin 10 days + Dicloxacillin (concurrent)
  • MRSA carriage: Rifampin 10 days + TMP-SMX (concurrent)
  • Low-dose clindamycin × 3 months for recurrent disease
Address Underlying Factors:
  • Screen for and control Diabetes Mellitus (mandatory in carbuncle)
  • Optimise immunosuppression management
  • Treat atopic dermatitis aggressively
  • Treat all household members and close contacts
  • Repeat cultures to confirm eradication of carriage
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 303

[SLIDE 19] FURUNCLE & CARBUNCLE — REFERENCES

  1. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, James WD et al., 13th ed., Elsevier, 2020. Chapter 14, pp. 302-303
  2. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, Kang S et al., 9th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2019. Chapter 150
  3. Stevens DL et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the IDSA. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10-e52
  4. Liu C et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the IDSA for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):e18-e55

FORMAT NOTES:
  • Slides 1-10 = FURUNCLE (complete standalone section)
  • Slides 11-18 = CARBUNCLE (complete standalone section)
  • Slide 19 = Shared references
  • Each [SLIDE] block = one slide
  • Tables paste directly as PowerPoint tables
  • Bold text = headings or key terms to highlight

Give Furuncle management in simple points

FURUNCLE — MANAGEMENT


GENERAL MEASURES

  • Warm moist compresses applied several times daily
  • Do NOT squeeze — risk of spreading infection
  • Strict hand hygiene

EARLY / PRE-FLUCTUANT FURUNCLE

  • Warm compresses → encourage pointing
  • Oral antibiotics (see below)
  • I&D not yet possible — abscess not collected

FLUCTUANT FURUNCLE

  • Incision & Drainage (I&D) — definitive treatment
  • I&D + antibiotics is better than I&D alone — even for abscesses <5 cm (RCT evidence)

ANTIBIOTICS

MSSA:
  • Dicloxacillin OR Cefalexin (oral)
MRSA suspected:
  • TMP-SMX (Co-trimoxazole) — first choice
  • Clindamycin — alternative
  • Doxycycline / Minocycline — alternatives
Severe / Systemic / Facial:
  • IV Vancomycin (MRSA)
  • IV Nafcillin / Cefazolin (MSSA)
  • Always adjust per culture and sensitivity

FACIAL FURUNCLES (Upper lip / Nose)

  • Do NOT squeeze, do NOT incise
  • IV antibiotics — treat as emergency
  • Risk: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis via facial veins

RECURRENT FURUNCULOSIS — DECOLONISATION

  • Mupirocin ointment to anterior nares BD × 5 days → repeat monthly
  • MSSA: Rifampin + Dicloxacillin × 10 days
  • MRSA: Rifampin + TMP-SMX × 10 days
  • Bleach baths 3×/week
  • Daily chlorhexidine 4% wash
  • Low-dose Clindamycin × 3 months for chronic recurrence

Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, p. 302-303 | IDSA Guidelines 2014
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