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Here is the content from Chapter 13 - Arches of Foot, rewritten for easy reading and note-making:
Chapter 13: Arches of Foot
Definition
- The skeletal structure of the foot is arranged in an arched shape - both lengthwise (longitudinal) and sideways (transverse).
- The hollow/concave side of these arches faces the sole (plantar surface).
- These arched bony arrangements are called arches of the foot.
Note: Arches are present from birth, but in infants they appear flat because of excess fat in the soles.
Why Are Arches Important?
The foot is unique to humans. Arches help in:
- Fast walking, running, and jumping
- Weight-bearing
- Maintaining upright posture
- Footprints are incomplete because of the arches
Functions of the Foot
The foot has two main roles:
- Pliable platform - supports body weight in upright posture
- Lever - propels the body forward during walking, running, or jumping
To fulfill these roles, the foot is designed as elastic arches (springs). These arches:
- Are segmented
- Can sustain stress of weight and thrust
- Make the sole concave
- Best seen in footprints showing weight-bearing parts of the sole (Fig. 13.1)
Classification of Arches
1. Longitudinal (Flowchart 13.1)
- Medial
- Lateral
2. Transverse
- Anterior
- Posterior
Longitudinal Arches
Medial Longitudinal Arch
- Considerably higher, more mobile, and more resilient than the lateral arch
- Considered a big arc of a small circle
- Has more bones and more joints (Figs. 13.2 and 13.3)
Bones forming the Medial Longitudinal Arch:
- Calcaneum (medial part)
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuneiforms
- Medial three metatarsals
Bones forming the Lateral Longitudinal Arch:
- Calcaneum (lateral part)
- Cuboid
- Lateral two metatarsals
Competency AN19.5: Describe factors maintaining important arches of the foot with its importance.
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