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FMGE upper limb anatomy high yield last minute revision points 2025
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Ab mere paas kaafi information hai. FMGE ke liye Upper Limb ke last revision points neeche diye hain:
🦾 Upper Limb - FMGE Last Revision Points
1. BRACHIAL PLEXUS (Most Important!)
Roots: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 - "My Tea Comes From Cuba"
| Part | Formation |
|---|---|
| Upper Trunk | C5 + C6 |
| Middle Trunk | C7 only |
| Lower Trunk | C8 + T1 |
Cords: Medial, Lateral, Posterior (relative to axillary artery)
Key Rule:
- Extensors (Radial + Axillary nerve) = Posterior divisions se
- Flexors (Median + Ulnar + Musculocutaneous) = Anterior divisions se
2. NERVE INJURIES - Signature Deformities
| Nerve | Injury Site | Deformity | Loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radial | Spiral groove (mid-shaft humerus fracture) | Wrist drop | Extension of wrist/fingers |
| Radial | Axilla (crutch palsy) | Wrist drop + Triceps weak | All extensors including triceps |
| Median | Wrist (Carpal Tunnel) | Ape hand | Thenar wasting, opposition lost |
| Median | Elbow (Supracondylar #) | Hand of benediction (on flexion) | LOAF muscles |
| Ulnar | Medial epicondyle | Claw hand (4th, 5th fingers) | Interossei, hypothenar |
| Ulnar | Wrist (Guyon's canal) | Claw hand without sensory loss in palm | Intrinsics only |
| Axillary | Surgical neck humerus | Flat shoulder / Sergeant's badge area numb | Deltoid paralysis |
| Long Thoracic | Mastectomy / Porter's palsy | Winged Scapula | Serratus anterior |
Median nerve = "LOAF" - Lumbricals (1, 2), Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head)
3. ULNAR NERVE Course (FMGE Favorite!)
- Medial cord of brachial plexus se start
- Axilla → Medial bicipital groove → Pierces medial intermuscular septum
- Behind medial epicondyle (ulnar groove) - MOST COMMON site of injury
- Passes between 2 heads of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- At wrist: Guyon's canal (radial to pisiform)
4. MEDIAN NERVE Muscles (C6-T1)
In Forearm:
- Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, FDS
- Anterior Interosseous nerve: Pronator quadratus, FPL, FDP (radial half)
In Hand (LOAF):
- Thenar branch - Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, FPB (superficial head)
- Lumbricals 1 & 2
5. ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX
Boundaries:
- Lateral: APL + EPB (Abductor Pollicis Longus + Extensor Pollicis Brevis)
- Medial: EPL (Extensor Pollicis Longus)
- Floor: Scaphoid + Trapezium
Contents: Radial artery (deep to tendons), Superficial branch of Radial nerve, Cephalic vein
Clinical: Tenderness = Scaphoid fracture (most common carpal bone fractured)
6. CARPAL TUNNEL
Boundaries:
- Roof: Flexor retinaculum
- Floor: Carpal bones
Contents: Median nerve + 9 tendons (FDS x4, FDP x4, FPL x1)
Note: Ulnar nerve does NOT pass through carpal tunnel - it goes through Guyon's canal
CTS Symptoms: Night pain, thenar wasting, Tinel's sign, Phalen's test positive
7. CUBITAL FOSSA
Boundaries:
- Medial: Pronator teres
- Lateral: Brachioradialis
- Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis + skin
- Floor: Brachialis + Supinator
Contents (Lateral to Medial): Radial Nerve, Biceps Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve
- Mnemonic: "Really Be Brave Man"
8. AXILLA Contents
Axillary Artery Parts (medial to lateral scalene / 1st rib ke hisab se):
- Part 1: 1 branch (Supreme thoracic)
- Part 2: 2 branches (Thoracoacromial, Lateral thoracic)
- Part 3: 3 branches (Subscapular, ACHA, PCHA)
Axillary Nerve: C5, C6 - Surgical neck fracture se injure hota hai - Deltoid + Teres minor
9. ROTATOR CUFF - "SITS"
| Muscle | Action | Nerve |
|---|---|---|
| Supraspinatus | Initiation of abduction (0-15°) | Suprascapular (C5,C6) |
| Infraspinatus | Lateral rotation | Suprascapular (C5,C6) |
| Teres Minor | Lateral rotation | Axillary (C5,C6) |
| Subscapularis | Medial rotation | Subscapular (C5,C6) |
Most commonly torn: Supraspinatus - "Painful arc" (60°-120°)
10. QUICK-FIRE FMGE Points
- Musculocutaneous nerve - pierces Coracobrachialis, supplies all 3 anterior arm muscles (BBC: Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis), becomes Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
- Erb's palsy (C5, C6) - Upper trunk injury, "Waiter's tip position" - arm adducted, medially rotated, elbow extended
- Klumpke's palsy (C8, T1) - Lower trunk, claw hand + Horner's syndrome (if T1 ramus)
- Palmaris longus - most variable muscle; absent in ~15%; used for tendon grafts
- Cephalic vein - found in deltopectoral groove; drains into axillary vein
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) - supplies Rhomboids + Levator scapulae
- Numbness 1st web space dorsum = Radial nerve (superficial branch)
- Dupuytren's contracture - Palmar fascia fibrosis, 4th and 5th fingers most affected
Ye sab FMGE ke liye highest-yield Upper Limb Anatomy points hain. Brachial plexus, nerve injuries, aur carpal tunnel se har exam mein questions aate hain. All the best! 💪
(Sources: Gray's Anatomy for Students, THIEME Atlas of General Anatomy & Musculoskeletal System)
Make a summary PDF of upper limb nerve injury mnemonics
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PDF ready hai! Download karo yahan se:
Upper Limb Nerve Injuries Mnemonics
PDF Document · PDF
PDF mein kya hai:
| Section | Content |
|---|---|
| 1. Brachial Plexus | Roots/Trunks/Cords table + "My Tea Comes From Cuba" mnemonic + Flexors vs Extensors rule |
| 2. Nerve Injury Table | Radial, Axillary, Median, Ulnar, Musculocutaneous, Long Thoracic - injury site, deformity, what is lost |
| 3. Mnemonics Cheatsheet | LOAF, SITS, Cubital fossa "Really Be Brave Man", Axillary artery branches, Ulnar paradox, Erb's vs Klumpke's |
| 4. Quick-Fire FMGE Facts | Carpal tunnel, Snuffbox, Scaphoid #, Dupuytren's, PIN injury, Guyon's canal |
| 5. Dermatomes Map | C5 to T2 sensory distribution table |
Color-coded, exam-ready format hai - print karke bhi use kar sakte ho!
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