Types of memory short answer
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Types of Memory
1. Sensory memory - very brief (milliseconds-seconds) holding of raw sensory input (iconic, echoic).
2. Short-term / Working memory - limited capacity, holds information for seconds to a minute; working memory actively manipulates this information for ongoing tasks.
3. Long-term memory - relatively permanent storage, divided into:
- Declarative (explicit) memory - conscious recall of facts and events; depends on the medial temporal lobe/hippocampus
- Episodic - personal experiences and events
- Semantic - general facts and knowledge
- Nondeclarative (implicit) memory - unconscious, expressed through performance rather than recall
- Procedural - skills and habits (striatum-dependent)
- Priming - improved detection/response to stimuli from prior exposure
- Classical/associative conditioning - learned stimulus-response associations
- Nonassociative learning - habituation and sensitization
This classification (working/short-term vs. long-term, and declarative vs. nondeclarative) is standard in neuroscience texts - Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, Ch. 24, and echoed in Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry under "Multiple Types of Memory."
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