This medical figure illustrates the methodology and visual findings of an experimental myocardial infarction model. Panel A is an anatomical diagram showing a heart with a coronary occlusion placed on a coronary artery distal to the left atrium (LA). A shaded brown region extending inferiorly from the occlusion site represents the infarcted area. The diagram indicates the levels of three transverse ventricular sections labeled Slice 1, Slice 2, and Slice 3. Panel B displays corresponding macroscopic clinical photographs of these three cross-sectional heart slices stained with thioflavin-S under white light. The macroscopic view demonstrates the progression of tissue damage: Slice 1 (proximal) shows a localized area of pale, healthy tissue alongside darker necrotic regions; Slice 2 and Slice 3 (distal) exhibit increasingly larger areas of dark, necrotic tissue, indicating the transmural extent of the infarction throughout the left ventricle. This material is designed for cardiovascular pathology education, specifically illustrating the spatial relationship between arterial ligation and the resulting downstream myocardial necrosis.

Educational diagram illustrating a Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) image analysis workflow for myocardial infarction (MI) assessment and infarcted papillary muscle (iPPM) detection. The figure is organized into three sequential sections from left to right. The first section displays short-axis views using Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) and T2-weighted (T2w-) sequences to visualize myocardial tissue characterization. The central section features a native T1 (nT1) map with segmented regions of interest (ROIs) labeled: Blood Pool (BP), Anterolateral Papillary Muscle (AL-PPM), Posteromedial Papillary Muscle (PM-PPM), Infarcted Area (IA), and Remote Myocardium (RM). A color scale bar indicates nT1 values ranging from 900 to 1400 ms. The right section displays CINE long-axis sequences in two-chamber (upper) and four-chamber (lower) views, comparing the left ventricle at end-diastole and end-systole. Yellow calipers measure longitudinal strain, demonstrating ventricular contraction. This composite image serves to teach multimodal CMR techniques for evaluating ischemic heart disease and papillary muscle involvement.

A cross-sectional anatomical diagram illustrating the quantification of myocardial viability and remodeling following chronic infarction. The image depicts a transverse slice of the heart with specialized labeling of myocardial layers. Segment A represents the area of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) or fibrosis, appearing as a light grey/white subendocardial layer. Segment B shows the full transmural thickness of the remodeled, thinned myocardium. Segment C highlights the remaining non-enhancing, viable myocardium in the infarcted zone. Segment D serves as a control, representing the full thickness of adjacent healthy, non-remodeled myocardium. The diagram contrasts two methodologies for surgical candidacy: the traditional approach (C/B ratio) versus the authors' proposed approach (C/D ratio) for assessing transmurality. The use of different grey scales and blue calipers demonstrates the morphological changes associated with chronic myocardial thinning, providing a visual guide for risk stratification and determining viability prior to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Summary : This illustration explains myocardial infarction (heart attack), showing the anatomical location of a blocked artery and the resulting muscle damage in the heart. illustration: Scene Overview : • Main subject is a human heart, depicted in color with visible coronary arteries. • An inset magnifies a section of an artery, highlighting a blockage (occlusion) within the vessel. • The area of muscle damage on the heart is labeled. • Text labels include "Myocardial Infarction," "Block in Artery," "Muscle Damage," and "Heart Attack." • The color palette uses reds, yellows, and purples to differentiate blood vessels, muscle, and damaged areas. Technical Details : • No scale bar or magnification is provided. • The illustration is schematic, not a real photograph or scan. • Labels are overlaid directly on the image for clarity. Spatial Relationships : • The blocked artery is shown in close-up in the inset, with a clear connection to the affected region of the heart muscle. • The muscle damage is localized to a specific area of the heart, corresponding to the blocked artery. Analysis : • The figure visually links a blocked coronary artery to localized muscle damage in the heart, illustrating the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (heart attack). • The inset clarifies the cause (arterial blockage) and its effect (muscle damage), supporting understanding of the condition.

This medical illustration consists of two diagrams depicting cardiac anatomy and pathology associated with myocardial infarction and surgical intervention. The left panel shows an anterior view of the heart with major structures labeled: Right Atrium (RA), Right Ventricle (RV), Left Atrium (LA), Left Ventricle (LV), Aorta (Ao), and Pulmonary Artery (PA). The coronary vasculature is highlighted, specifically the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery. An 'incision line' is indicated on the apex of the left ventricle over a shaded area representing infarcted tissue. The right panel is a cross-sectional diagram focusing on the ventricular chambers. It illustrates a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), which is a communication between the left and right ventricles. Also labeled are the Aortic Valve (AV), an area of Myocardial Infarction (MI) in the ventricular wall, and adjacent Akinetic (AK) tissue. The illustration serves to demonstrate the anatomical location for a ventriculotomy used to repair post-infarction ventricular septal rupture.

This pathophysiology diagram illustrates the process of cell sheet engineering for myocardial repair in ischemic heart disease. The multi-stage flowchart begins with stem cells releasing extracellular vesicles and cytokines. These cells are cultivated in a 37°C temperature-responsive culture dish, transitioning to room temperature to facilitate cell sheet formation. The resulting biological scaffold is then transplanted onto a heart with a white-shaded area representing myocardial infarction. Magnified 'Treatment Area' views detail the therapeutic mechanisms: Angiogenesis, showing the interaction between the fibrous cell sheet, transparent vesicles/cells, and the underlying vasculature; and Regulation of Inflammation, depicting immune cells and molecular signaling at the transplant site. This infographic summarizes stem cell-based regenerative therapy, focusing on paracrine signaling, tissue engineering, and vascularization strategies for treating damaged cardiac tissue.