FMGE 2025 2026 important topics repeated questions high yield subjects

FMGE June 2026 exam pattern subject wise marks distribution previous year analysis

ls -la /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null || mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/fmge-pharma && cat > /home/daytona/workspace/fmge-pharma/generate_pdf.py << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, PageBreak from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/home/daytona/workspace/fmge-pharma/FMGE_Pharma_High_Yield.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=1.5*cm, leftMargin=1.5*cm, topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm ) styles = getSampleStyleSheet() # Custom styles title_style = ParagraphStyle('Title', parent=styles['Title'], fontSize=20, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceAfter=6, alignment=TA_CENTER) subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle('Subtitle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#37474f'), spaceAfter=12, alignment=TA_CENTER) h1_style = ParagraphStyle('H1', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontSize=14, textColor=colors.white, spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=10, backColor=colors.HexColor('#1565c0'), leftIndent=-5, rightIndent=-5, borderPad=4) h2_style = ParagraphStyle('H2', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontSize=12, textColor=colors.HexColor('#0d47a1'), spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=8, borderPadding=(2,0,2,0)) q_style = ParagraphStyle('Q', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, spaceAfter=2, leftIndent=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#212121')) ans_style = ParagraphStyle('Ans', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, spaceAfter=6, leftIndent=20, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1b5e20')) note_style = ParagraphStyle('Note', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9, spaceAfter=4, leftIndent=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#b71c1c'), fontName='Helvetica-Oblique') body_style = ParagraphStyle('Body', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, spaceAfter=3, leftIndent=10) story = [] # Title story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("FMGE PHARMACOLOGY", title_style)) story.append(Paragraph("Sure-Shot High-Yield Questions & One-Liners", subtitle_style)) story.append(Paragraph("For FMGE June 28, 2026 | Rapid Revision Edition", subtitle_style)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor('#1565c0'))) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm)) def section(title): story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph(f" {title}", h1_style)) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.1*cm)) def sub(title): story.append(Paragraph(title, h2_style)) def q(text, ans): story.append(Paragraph(f"Q: {text}", q_style)) story.append(Paragraph(f"✔ {ans}", ans_style)) def note(text): story.append(Paragraph(f"⚠ {text}", note_style)) def bullet(text): story.append(Paragraph(f"• {text}", body_style)) def table(data, col_widths=None): if col_widths is None: col_widths = [8*cm, 9*cm] t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1565c0')), ('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 9), ('BACKGROUND', (0,1), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9')), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'), colors.HexColor('#f1f8e9')]), ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#bdbdbd')), ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'TOP'), ('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 3), ])) story.append(t) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm)) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 1: AUTONOMIC DRUGS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("1. AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY (Most Repeated)") sub("Adrenergic Drugs") q("Drug of choice for anaphylaxis", "Epinephrine (Adrenaline) — IM, anterolateral thigh") q("Alpha-1 selective agonist used in nasal decongestant", "Xylometazoline / Oxymetazoline") q("Drug that causes mydriasis WITHOUT cycloplegia", "Phenylephrine (Alpha-1 agonist)") q("Beta-1 selective blocker", "Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol") q("Non-selective beta blocker — prototype", "Propranolol") q("Beta blocker used in glaucoma (eye drops)", "Timolol (non-selective)") q("Alpha blocker used in BPH", "Tamsulosin (Alpha-1A selective)") q("Drug causing 'first-dose hypotension'", "Prazosin (Alpha-1 blocker)") q("Selective Alpha-2 agonist — used in HTN", "Clonidine (central acting)") q("Indirect sympathomimetic — releases stored NE", "Amphetamine, Ephedrine") note("Epinephrine = Alpha + Beta. Norepinephrine = Alpha + Beta-1 (no Beta-2). Isoproterenol = Pure Beta.") sub("Cholinergic Drugs") q("Muscarinic agonist used for postoperative ileus/urinary retention", "Bethanechol (M3 agonist, not nicotinic)") q("Irreversible AChE inhibitor (war nerve agents)", "Organophosphates (OPC)") q("Antidote for OPC poisoning", "Atropine (high dose) + Pralidoxime (2-PAM) — given early") q("Reversal agent for non-depolarizing NMJ blockers", "Neostigmine + Atropine") q("Depolarizing NMJ blocker — causes fasciculations first", "Succinylcholine (Suxamethonium)") q("Succinylcholine contraindication", "Burns, crush injury, hyperkalemia, pseudocholinesterase deficiency") q("Muscarinic blocker used in COPD (inhaled)", "Ipratropium / Tiotropium") q("Atropine — most resistant effect", "Gastric acid secretion (needs highest dose to block)") note("DUMBELS = Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, Salivation — OPC toxidrome") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 2: ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("2. ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES (High Yield)") table([ ["Drug / Class", "Classic FMGE Fact"], ["ACE Inhibitors (Enalapril, Ramipril)", "Cause dry cough (bradykinin); contraindicated in pregnancy"], ["ARBs (Losartan, Valsartan)", "No cough; safe alternative to ACEi; Losartan — lowers uric acid"], ["CCBs — Amlodipine (DHP)", "Ankle edema; used in Prinzmetal angina"], ["CCBs — Verapamil, Diltiazem (non-DHP)", "Bradycardia, constipation; NOT with beta blockers"], ["Hydralazine", "Drug of choice for HTN in pregnancy; causes lupus-like syndrome"], ["Labetalol", "Alpha + Beta blocker; drug of choice for HTN emergency in pregnancy"], ["Sodium Nitroprusside", "HTN emergency; releases CN⁻ (cyanide toxicity); antidote = Hydroxocobalamin"], ["Methyldopa", "Central alpha-2; drug of choice for HTN in pregnancy (oral, chronic)"], ["Thiazide diuretics", "Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia; good for osteoporosis"], ["Spironolactone", "K+-sparing; anti-androgen; used in heart failure + PCOS"], ["Minoxidil", "Severe HTN; causes hypertrichosis; topical for alopecia"], ]) q("Drug of choice for hypertensive emergency in pregnancy", "IV Labetalol or Hydralazine; oral Methyldopa for chronic") q("ACE inhibitor that does NOT require activation (active drug)", "Lisinopril, Captopril (others are prodrugs)") note("ACEi + ARBs = contraindicated in bilateral RAS, pregnancy, hyperkalemia") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 3: ANTI-TB DRUGS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("3. ANTI-TB DRUGS (Very Repeated)") table([ ["Drug", "Unique Side Effect / Fact"], ["Isoniazid (INH)", "Peripheral neuropathy (prevent with Pyridoxine/B6); hepatotoxic; slow/fast acetylators"], ["Rifampicin", "Orange-red discoloration of body fluids; potent enzyme INDUCER; hepatotoxic"], ["Pyrazinamide", "Hyperuricemia (gout); hepatotoxic; most hepatotoxic of all anti-TB drugs"], ["Ethambutol", "Optic neuritis (color vision — red-green lost first); retrobulbar neuritis"], ["Streptomycin", "Ototoxicity (vestibular > cochlear); nephrotoxic; not used in pregnancy"], ["Rifabutin", "Used in TB + HIV (less enzyme induction); avoids rifampicin-antiretroviral interactions"], ]) q("Bactericidal anti-TB drugs", "INH, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin (RIPES mnemonic — only Ethambutol is bacteriostatic)") q("INH acts on which enzyme?", "InhA (enoyl-ACP reductase) — inhibits mycolic acid synthesis") q("Drug that prevents INH neuropathy", "Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) — 10 mg/day") q("Anti-TB drug safe in renal failure", "Rifampicin (hepatically cleared)") q("Anti-TB drug causing hepatotoxicity most", "Pyrazinamide > Isoniazid > Rifampicin") note("DOTS = Directly Observed Treatment Short-course. Intensive phase: 2 months HRZE. Continuation: 4 months HR.") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 4: ANTIMICROBIALS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("4. ANTIMICROBIALS (Sure-Shot Questions)") sub("Beta-Lactams") q("Drug of choice for syphilis", "Benzathine Penicillin G (single IM dose for primary/secondary)") q("Penicillinase-resistant penicillin", "Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Methicillin") q("Antipseudomonal penicillin", "Piperacillin, Ticarcillin") q("Beta-lactamase inhibitors", "Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam — NOT antibiotics themselves") q("Carbapenem with least seizure risk", "Ertapenem (Imipenem causes seizures — given with Cilastatin)") q("Drug of choice for MRSA", "Vancomycin (IV); Linezolid (oral/IV); Daptomycin") sub("Macrolides & Others") q("Macrolide used in atypical pneumonia + DOC for pertussis", "Azithromycin (Erythromycin historically for pertussis)") q("Drug causing 'gray baby syndrome'", "Chloramphenicol — inhibits mitochondrial ribosomes in neonates") q("Drug causing Fanconi syndrome", "Outdated Tetracycline (degraded product)") q("Tetracycline contraindications", "Children < 8 years, pregnancy — teeth discoloration, bone deposition") q("Drug of choice for VRSA/VRE", "Linezolid (protein synthesis inhibitor — 50S)") q("Aminoglycoside monitoring", "Peak and trough levels — nephrotoxicity + ototoxicity (irreversible)") table([ ["Drug", "Mechanism / Target"], ["Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems", "Cell wall — inhibit transpeptidase (PBPs)"], ["Vancomycin", "Cell wall — binds D-Ala-D-Ala (glycopeptide)"], ["Aminoglycosides", "30S ribosome — misreading of mRNA"], ["Tetracyclines", "30S ribosome — block tRNA binding"], ["Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Clindamycin", "50S ribosome"], ["Linezolid", "50S ribosome (70S initiation complex)"], ["Fluoroquinolones", "DNA gyrase (GyrA) + Topoisomerase IV"], ["Metronidazole", "DNA strand breakage — anaerobes, protozoa"], ["Rifampicin", "RNA polymerase (beta subunit)"], ["Sulfonamides / TMP", "Folate synthesis — PABA analog / DHFR inhibitor"], ], col_widths=[6*cm, 11*cm]) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 5: DRUG SIDE EFFECTS (Classic MCQs) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("5. CLASSIC DRUG SIDE EFFECTS (Must Know)") table([ ["Drug", "Classic Side Effect"], ["Amiodarone", "Pulmonary fibrosis, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits, blue-gray skin, hepatotoxic"], ["Metformin", "Lactic acidosis (not hypoglycemia); GI upset; contraindicated in renal failure"], ["Statins", "Myopathy/rhabdomyolysis (check CK); hepatotoxic; monitor LFTs"], ["Aspirin (high dose)", "Tinnitus, respiratory alkalosis → metabolic acidosis (Reye's syndrome in children)"], ["Heparin", "HIT (Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia) — antidote: Protamine sulfate"], ["Warfarin", "Teratogenic; skin necrosis (Protein C/S deficiency); antidote: Vitamin K / FFP"], ["Lithium", "Nephrogenic DI, hypothyroidism, tremor, toxicity in dehydration; monitor levels"], ["Clozapine", "Agranulocytosis — must monitor WBC weekly; most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia"], ["Chlorpromazine", "Photosensitivity, jaundice, hyperprolactinemia, QT prolongation"], ["Methotrexate", "Hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, bone marrow suppression; folate RESCUE with Leucovorin"], ["Cyclophosphamide", "Hemorrhagic cystitis — prevent with Mesna; SIADH"], ["Bleomycin", "Pulmonary fibrosis; skin changes; NO bone marrow suppression"], ["Cisplatin", "Nephrotoxicity (prevent with hydration), ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy"], ["Chloroquine", "Retinopathy — baseline eye exam needed; safe in pregnancy for malaria"], ["Fluoroquinolones", "Tendon rupture (Achilles), QT prolongation, avoid in children (cartilage)"], ["Thiazide diuretics", "Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia"], ["Furosemide", "Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, ototoxicity (large IV doses)"], ["Spironolactone", "Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities"], ["NSAIDs", "GI ulcers, renal failure, fluid retention; avoid in asthma (aspirin-sensitive)"], ["Morphine", "Respiratory depression, constipation, miosis; antidote Naloxone"], ["SSRIs", "Serotonin syndrome (with MAOIs), sexual dysfunction, SIADH"], ["Phenytoin", "Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, nystagmus, teratogen (fetal hydantoin)"], ["Carbamazepine", "Aplastic anemia, hyponatremia (SIADH), teratogen (NTD); enzyme inducer"], ["Valproate", "Hepatotoxicity, weight gain, alopecia, teratogen (NTD — spina bifida); inhibits CYP"], ], col_widths=[5*cm, 12*cm]) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 6: DRUGS IN PREGNANCY # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("6. DRUGS IN PREGNANCY (Repeated Every Exam)") table([ ["Drug", "Issue in Pregnancy"], ["Thalidomide", "Phocomelia (limb reduction defects)"], ["Methotrexate", "Abortifacient; folic acid antagonist"], ["Warfarin", "Fetal warfarin syndrome (nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphyses)"], ["Phenytoin", "Fetal hydantoin syndrome"], ["Valproate/Carbamazepine", "Neural tube defects (spina bifida)"], ["ACE Inhibitors (2nd/3rd trimester)", "Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, fetal death"], ["Tetracyclines", "Teeth staining, bone growth inhibition"], ["Fluoroquinolones", "Cartilage damage"], ["Aminoglycosides", "Ototoxicity (8th CN damage in fetus)"], ["Lithium", "Ebstein's anomaly (tricuspid valve)"], ["Misoprostol", "Used for medical abortion (PGE1 analog)"], ["Safe in pregnancy", "Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Erythromycin (not estolate), Hydralazine, Methyldopa, Heparin, Insulin"], ], col_widths=[6*cm, 11*cm]) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 7: CNS DRUGS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("7. CNS / ANTIEPILEPTICS / ANALGESICS") sub("Antiepileptics") q("Drug of choice — Tonic-clonic (Grand mal) seizures", "Phenytoin / Valproate / Carbamazepine") q("Drug of choice — Absence (Petit mal) seizures", "Ethosuximide (first line); Valproate (if mixed)") q("Drug of choice — Status epilepticus (acute)", "IV Lorazepam → IV Phenytoin/Fosphenytoin") q("Drug of choice — Febrile seizures", "Diazepam (rectal/IV for acute); not long-term drugs needed") q("Drug of choice — Trigeminal neuralgia", "Carbamazepine") q("Antiepileptic for bipolar disorder", "Lithium (first line); Valproate, Carbamazepine (alternatives)") sub("Parkinson's & Others") q("DOC for Parkinson's disease", "Levodopa + Carbidopa (Carbidopa inhibits peripheral decarboxylation)") q("Drug causing drug-induced Parkinsonism", "Antipsychotics (D2 blockers) — haloperidol, metoclopramide") q("Antidote for Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) overdose", "N-Acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)") q("Antidote for Morphine/Opioid overdose", "Naloxone (competitive antagonist)") q("Antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose", "Flumazenil") q("Antidote for Methanol/Ethylene glycol poisoning", "Fomepizole (4-MP) or Ethanol + Folinic acid") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 8: CARDIAC DRUGS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("8. CARDIAC DRUGS") table([ ["Drug", "Key Fact"], ["Digoxin", "Narrow therapeutic index; toxicity: yellow-green vision, bradyarrhythmia; toxicity worsened by hypokalemia"], ["Digoxin antidote", "Digoxin-specific Fab antibodies (DigiFab)"], ["Amiodarone", "Class III antiarrhythmic; longest half-life (~40–55 days); multiple organ toxicities"], ["Adenosine", "DOC for SVT — very short half-life (~10 sec); causes transient AV block"], ["Lidocaine", "Class IB antiarrhythmic; used in acute ventricular arrhythmias post-MI"], ["Streptokinase", "Thrombolytic; antigenic (can't repeat); given in STEMI if PCI unavailable"], ["Heparin", "Activates Antithrombin III; monitor with aPTT; antidote: Protamine sulfate"], ["LMWH (Enoxaparin)", "Predictable dose; monitor anti-Xa; preferred in pregnancy over warfarin"], ["Aspirin", "Irreversibly inhibits COX-1; antiplatelet; low dose for cardioprotection"], ["Clopidogrel", "ADP receptor (P2Y12) blocker; prodrug (CYP2C19); used with aspirin in ACS"], ["Statins", "HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; pleiotropic effects; best taken at night"], ]) q("Digitalis toxicity is worsened by", "Hypokalemia (K+ competes with digoxin at Na/K ATPase binding site)") q("Drug prolongs QT interval (most classic)", "Amiodarone, quinidine, sotalol, antipsychotics, macrolides — risk: Torsades de Pointes") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 9: DIABETES DRUGS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("9. ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS") table([ ["Drug / Class", "Key Fact"], ["Metformin", "Biguanide; 1st line T2DM; NO hypoglycemia; lactic acidosis risk; stop before contrast dye"], ["Sulfonylureas (Glipizide, Glibenclamide)", "Stimulate insulin release; cause hypoglycemia; weight gain"], ["Glibenclamide", "Safe in pregnancy (gestational diabetes) among sulfonylureas"], ["Pioglitazone (TZD)", "PPAR-gamma; reduces insulin resistance; bladder cancer risk; heart failure contraindicated"], ["Acarbose (Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor)", "Delays carb absorption; GI flatulence; no hypoglycemia alone"], ["Sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor)", "Increases GLP-1; weight neutral; pancreatitis risk"], ["GLP-1 agonists (Exenatide, Liraglutide)", "Weight loss; pancreatitis risk; given SC"], ["SGLT-2 inhibitors (Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin)", "Glucosuria; UTI/genital infections; DKA risk; cardio-renal protective"], ["Insulin lispro/aspart", "Rapid acting — give just before meal"], ["NPH insulin", "Intermediate acting — peak 4–12 hrs"], ["Insulin glargine/detemir", "Long acting — no peak (basal insulin)"], ]) q("Drug of choice for gestational diabetes", "Insulin (first line); Metformin or Glibenclamide (alternatives)") q("Which antidiabetic drug reduces cardiovascular mortality?", "Empagliflozin (EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial) and Liraglutide (LEADER trial)") # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 10: ANTIDOTES (Pure Memory — Easy Marks) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("10. ANTIDOTES — Easy 2–3 Marks") table([ ["Poison / Drug", "Antidote"], ["Organophosphate (OPC)", "Atropine + Pralidoxime (2-PAM)"], ["Morphine / Opioids", "Naloxone"], ["Benzodiazepines", "Flumazenil"], ["Paracetamol overdose", "N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)"], ["Heparin", "Protamine sulfate"], ["Warfarin", "Vitamin K (slow) / FFP (fast)"], ["Digoxin", "Digoxin-specific Fab (DigiFab)"], ["Iron overdose", "Desferrioxamine (Deferoxamine)"], ["Methanol / Ethylene glycol", "Fomepizole (4-MP) or Ethanol"], ["Cyanide", "Hydroxocobalamin OR Amyl nitrite + Sodium thiosulfate"], ["Sodium Nitroprusside toxicity (CN)", "Hydroxocobalamin"], ["CO poisoning", "100% Oxygen / Hyperbaric O2"], ["Heavy metals (Lead, Mercury, Arsenic)", "BAL (Dimercaprol) / DMSA (Succimer) for Pb in children"], ["Lead poisoning (encephalopathy)", "BAL + CaNa2EDTA (together)"], ["Arsenic / Mercury poisoning", "BAL (Dimercaprol)"], ["Methotrexate toxicity", "Leucovorin (Folinic acid) — rescue therapy"], ["Cyclophosphamide (hemorrhagic cystitis)", "Mesna (preventive)"], ["Cholinergic crisis (physostigmine overdose)", "Atropine"], ["TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) overdose", "Sodium bicarbonate (for arrhythmia/QRS widening)"], ["Beta blocker overdose", "Glucagon (increases cAMP independent of beta receptor)"], ["CCB overdose", "Calcium gluconate + High-dose insulin (hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia)"], ], col_widths=[8*cm, 9*cm]) # ───────────────────────────────────────────── # SECTION 11: QUICK ONE-LINERS # ───────────────────────────────────────────── section("11. RAPID ONE-LINERS FOR LAST-DAY REVISION") one_liners = [ "Sildenafil → PDE-5 inhibitor → contraindicated with nitrates (severe hypotension)", "Finasteride → 5-alpha reductase inhibitor → BPH + androgenetic alopecia", "Tamoxifen → SERM → blocks ER in breast; activates ER in uterus (endometrial cancer risk)", "Raloxifene → SERM → protects bone + breast; NO uterine stimulation", "Misoprostol → PGE1 → cervical ripening, medical abortion, NSAID-induced ulcer prevention", "Oxytocin → posterior pituitary → labor induction; antidiuretic at high doses", "Ergotamine → vasoconstriction → migraine (avoid in CVD, pregnancy)", "Ondansetron → 5-HT3 blocker → best antiemetic for chemo; causes QT prolongation", "Metoclopramide → D2 blocker → prokinetic; causes extrapyramidal effects (EPS)", "Omeprazole → PPI → prodrug (needs acid for activation); irreversible H+/K+ ATPase block", "Sucralfate → coats ulcer base → needs acidic pH to work; avoid with antacids/PPIs", "Cholestyramine → bile acid resin → lowers LDL; constipation; interferes with drug absorption", "Acetazolamide → carbonic anhydrase inhibitor → diuretic; altitude sickness; glaucoma", "Mannitol → osmotic diuretic → reduces ICP; contraindicated in anuria", "Desmopressin (DDAVP) → V2 receptor → central DI, hemophilia A, nocturnal enuresis", "Prednisone → requires conversion to prednisolone (prodrug) in liver", "Cushing side effects of steroids → hyperglycemia, HTN, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, peptic ulcer", "Aminoglycosides → concentration-dependent killing → once daily dosing preferred", "Beta-lactams, Vancomycin → time-dependent killing → continuous/frequent dosing", "Probenecid → blocks renal tubular secretion → increases penicillin levels + treats gout", "Allopurinol → xanthine oxidase inhibitor → chronic gout prevention (NOT for acute attack)", "Colchicine → acute gout → inhibits microtubule polymerization in neutrophils", "Rituximab → anti-CD20 → B-cell lymphoma, RA, SLE", "Trastuzumab (Herceptin) → anti-HER2 → HER2+ breast cancer; cardiotoxicity", "Imatinib (Gleevec) → BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor → CML (Philadelphia chromosome)", "Bevacizumab → anti-VEGF → colorectal cancer, wet AMD", "Thalidomide → anti-angiogenic → Multiple myeloma; strict pregnancy avoidance", ] for ol in one_liners: story.append(Paragraph(f"• {ol}", body_style)) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1.5, color=colors.HexColor('#1565c0'))) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("FMGE June 28, 2026 — Best of luck! You've got this! 💪", ParagraphStyle('Footer', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))) doc.build(story) print("PDF generated successfully!") PYEOF python3 /home/daytona/workspace/fmge-pharma/generate_pdf.py