Explain how ionic and covalent bonds affect the properties of substances, like their melting points and conductivity. Describe the properties of metals and nonmetals that lead to the formation of ionic and covalent bonds. Use Coulomb’s law to show how the distance and charge of ions affect the strength of ionic bonds. Create a model of an ionic solid that shows how cations and anions are arranged and explain why this arrangement is important. Draw a model of an ionic compound that illustrates its stable lattice structure. Draw Lewis diagrams for molecules, showing all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs of electrons clearly. Identify and draw resonance structures for a molecule, showing how electrons are shared among them. Calculate formal charges for different resonance structures to find the most stable arrangement of electrons. Compare ionic and covalent bonds by looking at their Lewis structures and how they relate to the properties of the compounds they form. Explain how resonance and formal charge help predict how molecules will react in chemical reactions.