Classification of Aharadravyas Comparative mapping as per classical Ayurveda & Contemporary science.
Aharadravyas classification Ayurveda contemporary science comparative mapping
https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/e5398…
https://wjpr.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/article_issue/e5398…
Charaka Samhita Shukadhanya Shamidhanya Mamsa Shaka Phala Kshira Ikshu Madya Kritanna varga detailed properties
| Ayurvedic Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Sthavara (plant origin) | All plant-derived foods |
| Jangama (animal origin) | Meats, milk, eggs, honey |
| Sanskrit Term | Mode | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Ashita | Eatables (solid) | Anna (cooked rice), rotis |
| Peeta | Drinkables (liquid) | Juices, soups, milk |
| Khaadita | Chewables | Raw vegetables, sugarcane |
| Lehya | Lickables (semi-solid) | Honey, avaleha preparations |
| Rasa | Dosha Effect | Modern Correlate |
|---|---|---|
| Madhura (sweet) | Pacifies Vata & Pitta, increases Kapha | Carbohydrates/sugars/fats |
| Amla (sour) | Pacifies Vata, increases Pitta & Kapha | Fermented foods, citric acids |
| Lavana (salty) | Pacifies Vata, increases Pitta & Kapha | Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) |
| Katu (pungent) | Pacifies Kapha, increases Vata & Pitta | Volatile oils, capsaicin, sulfur compounds |
| Tikta (bitter) | Pacifies Pitta & Kapha, increases Vata | Polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides |
| Kashaya (astringent) | Pacifies Pitta & Kapha, increases Vata | Tannins, polyphenols |
| Guna Pair | Ayurvedic Effect | Modern Science Parallel |
|---|---|---|
| Guru (heavy) / Laghu (light) | Slows/speeds digestion | High caloric density / Low glycemic load |
| Snigdha (unctuous) / Ruksha (dry) | Nourishes/dries tissues | Lipid-rich / Fiber-rich |
| Ushna (hot) / Sheeta (cold) | Increases/decreases Agni | Thermogenic / Anti-inflammatory foods |
| Sthira (stable) / Chala (mobile) | Builds mass / Promotes mobility | Anabolic / Catabolic nutrient profiles |
| # | Ayurvedic Varga | Constituents | Contemporary Food Group | Key Nutrients (Modern) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shukadhanya Varga (bristled cereals / grains with husks) | Shashtika shali (red rice), Yava (barley), Godhuma (wheat), Vrihi, Syamaka (foxtail millet), Koradusa (kodo millet), Neevar | Cereals & Grains (monocots) | Complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, B-vitamins, iron, moderate protein |
| 2 | Shamidhanya Varga (legumes / pulses) | Mudga (green gram), Masura (lentil), Masha (black gram), Chanaka (chickpea), Kalaya (peas), Adhaki (pigeon pea), Kulattha (horse gram) | Legumes & Pulses (dicots) | Plant protein, lysine, dietary fiber, folate, iron, zinc, isoflavones |
| 3 | Mamsa Varga (meat) | Jangala mamsa (dry land animals - deer, rabbit), Anupa mamsa (aquatic/marshy - buffalo, fish), Viskira (birds that scatter food - hen, quail) | Animal Proteins (meat, poultry, seafood) | Complete proteins, B12, heme iron, zinc, omega-3 (fish), fat-soluble vitamins |
| 4 | Shaka Varga (vegetables - cooked) | Patola (pointed gourd), Vastuka, Karavellaka (bitter gourd), Vartaka (brinjal), Mulaka (radish), Palakya (spinach) | Vegetables | Vitamins C, A, K; dietary fiber, minerals, phytonutrients, antioxidants |
| 5 | Phala Varga (fruits) | Draksha (grapes), Dadima (pomegranate), Kapittha, Kola (jujube), Bilva, Amalaki (gooseberry) | Fruits | Natural sugars (fructose), Vitamin C, polyphenols, dietary fiber, antioxidants |
| 6 | Harita Varga (raw greens / salads) | Lasuna (garlic), Ardraka (ginger), Palandu (onion), Methi (fenugreek), Tanduliya | Leafy vegetables & Herbs | Phytochemicals, flavonoids, volatile sulfur compounds, micronutrients |
| 7 | Madya Varga (fermented beverages / wines) | Sura, Varuni, Arishta, Asava, Maireya, Medaka | Fermented foods & Alcoholic beverages | Probiotics, ethanol, organic acids, B-vitamins (fermented), polyphenols (wine) |
| 8 | Ambu/Jala Varga (water) | Divya jala (rain), Naadeya (river), Sarovara (lake), Kupa (well), Shita (cold), Ushna (hot/boiled) | Water & Hydration | Water, trace minerals, electrolytes |
| 9 | Gorasa/Kshira Varga (milk & milk products) | Go-kshira (cow milk), Mahishi (buffalo), Aja (goat), Dadhi (curd/yoghurt), Takra (buttermilk), Navanita (butter), Ghrita (ghee) | Dairy & Fermented dairy | Calcium, phosphorus, casein/whey proteins, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K2), probiotics (yoghurt) |
| 10 | Ikshu Varga (sugarcane products) | Ikshurasa (sugarcane juice), Guda (jaggery), Sarkara (sugar), Khandava, Matsyandika | Sugars & Natural sweeteners | Simple carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose; jaggery retains iron, potassium, magnesium |
| 11 | Kritanna Varga (processed / cooked food preparations) | Manda (thin gruel), Peya (thin rice gruel), Yavagu (thick gruel), Vilepi (very thick gruel), Yusha (soup), Krishara (rice-pulse khichdi), Sattu (roasted flour) | Processed/cooked food products | Variable - nutrient profile depends on base ingredient and preparation method |
| 12 | Ahara-Upayogi Varga (accessory / condiment food articles) | Lavana (salts - Saindhava, Sauvarchala), Taila (oils - tila, sarshapa), Madhu (honey), Takra (buttermilk used as condiment) | Condiments, Oils, Sweeteners, Flavor enhancers | Electrolytes; unsaturated fatty acids (oils); antimicrobial polyphenols (honey) |
| Acharya | System Name | No. of Groups | Distinctive Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charaka | Drava Varga / Annasvarupa Varga | 12 groups | Most comprehensive; includes Harita, Ikshu, Kritanna separately |
| Sushruta | Annapana Varga | 10-12 groups | Includes Shali, Kshira, Dadhi, Ghrita, Madhu, Taila separately |
| Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridayam) | Drava Varga | 7 groups | More condensed; groups like Suka, Shimbi, Kritanna, Mamsa, Shaka, Phala, Madya |
| Macronutrient | Primary Sources | Ayurvedic Varga Overlap |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates (simple & complex) | Grains, fruits, sugars, legumes | Shukadhanya, Phala, Ikshu Varga |
| Proteins (complete & incomplete) | Meat, dairy, legumes, eggs | Mamsa, Kshira, Shamidhanya Varga |
| Fats (saturated, MUFA, PUFA) | Oils, dairy, meat, nuts | Ahara-Upayogi (taila), Kshira, Mamsa Varga |
| Category | Examples | Ayurvedic Parallel |
|---|---|---|
| Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) | Ghee, fish, leafy greens | Gorasa, Mamsa, Shaka Varga |
| Water-soluble vitamins (B complex, C) | Cereals, fruits, vegetables | Shukadhanya, Phala, Shaka Varga |
| Minerals (macro & trace) | Dairy (Ca), meat (Fe, Zn), legumes | Kshira, Mamsa, Shamidhanya Varga |
| Modern Category | Definition | Ayurvedic Parallel |
|---|---|---|
| Energy foods (fuel) | Carbohydrate/fat-dense | Shukadhanya, Ikshu, Gorasa Varga |
| Body-building foods (structural) | Protein-dense | Mamsa, Shamidhanya, Kshira Varga |
| Protective foods (regulatory) | Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants | Shaka, Phala, Harita Varga |
| Functional/Nutraceutical foods | Bioactive compounds beyond basic nutrition | Harita Varga (spices/herbs), Madhu |
| Probiotic/Fermented foods | Live microorganisms | Madya Varga (non-alcoholic ferments), Dadhi, Takra |
| Water & Electrolytes | Hydration | Jala Varga, Lavana (Ahara-Upayogi) |
| Parameter | Ayurvedic Approach | Contemporary Scientific Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Basis of classification | Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava | Macronutrients, micronutrients, caloric value |
| Unit of analysis | Individual constitution (Prakriti) | Average population requirements (RDA/DRI) |
| Digestibility | Agni (digestive fire) capacity | Glycemic index, digestive enzymes, bioavailability |
| Food-body interaction | Dosha, Dhatu, Mala modulation | Receptor binding, metabolic pathways, gene expression |
| Processing | Ahara Kalpana (Kritanna Varga) - enhances Agni, digestibility | Food processing - changes nutrient density, bioavailability |
| Seasonality | Ritu Charya (seasonal dietary regimen) | Seasonal variation in nutrient content acknowledged but rarely prescribed |
| Individual variation | Central to Prakriti-based prescription | Emerging in nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition |
| Mental health link | Sattvic/Rajasic/Tamasic food qualities | Gut-brain axis, tryptophan-serotonin pathway, omega-3 cognition |
| Guna | Foods | Modern Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Sattvic (pure, clarity-promoting) | Fresh fruits, milk, ghee, honey, whole grains, leafy greens | Anti-inflammatory diet; foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 |
| Rajasic (stimulating, activating) | Spicy, salty, sour foods; meat; coffee; onion; garlic | Sympathomimetic foods; high cortisol-stimulating diet |
| Tamasic (dull, inertia-inducing) | Stale, fermented (excess), alcohol, processed foods, overcooked food | Ultra-processed foods; high AGE (advanced glycation end-product) foods |
Make e chart
A detailed educational chart titled "Classification of Aharadravyas: Classical Ayurveda vs Contemporary Science" with a clean, professional design. The chart has two main columns side by side. Left column header "Ayurvedic Classification (Charaka Samhita)" and right column header "Contemporary Nutritional Science". The chart shows 12 rows for the 12 Ahara Vargas with their modern equivalents: 1. Shukadhanya Varga (Cereals/Grains) → Carbohydrates, Complex Grains 2. Shamidhanya Varga (Legumes/Pulses) → Plant Proteins, Fiber 3. Mamsa Varga (Meat) → Animal Proteins, B12, Heme Iron 4. Shaka Varga (Vegetables-cooked) → Vitamins, Minerals, Phytonutrients 5. Phala Varga (Fruits) → Natural Sugars, Antioxidants, Vitamin C 6. Harita Varga (Raw Greens/Herbs) → Functional Foods, Phytochemicals 7. Madya Varga (Fermented Beverages) → Probiotics, Fermented Foods 8. Jala Varga (Water) → Hydration, Electrolytes 9. Gorasa/Kshira Varga (Milk & Dairy) → Calcium, Proteins, Probiotics 10. Ikshu Varga (Sugarcane Products) → Simple Sugars, Natural Sweeteners 11. Kritanna Varga (Cooked Preparations) → Processed/Therapeutic Diets 12. Ahara-Upayogi Varga (Condiments/Oils) → Fats, Electrolytes, Flavor Below the main table, three small boxes showing Ayurvedic classification axes: Rasa (6 Tastes), Guna (20 Qualities), and Triguna (Sattvic/Rajasic/Tamasic). Color coded with warm earthy tones, Sanskrit text in orange headers, modern terms in blue. Professional medical education style.
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Make e chart
mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/aharadravyas && ls /tmp/workspace/aharadravyas/
~/aharadravyas/build_chart.py
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import (
Font, PatternFill, Alignment, Border, Side, GradientFill
)
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
from openpyxl.worksheet.dimensions import ColumnDimension
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper styles
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def thick_border():
s = Side(style='medium', color='4A4A4A')
return Border(left=s, right=s, top=s, bottom=s)
def thin_border():
s = Side(style='thin', color='AAAAAA')
return Border(left=s, right=s, top=s, bottom=s)
def cell(ws, row, col, value, bold=False, font_size=10, font_color='000000',
bg=None, wrap=True, align='center', valign='center', border='thin', italic=False):
c = ws.cell(row=row, column=col, value=value)
c.font = Font(name='Arial', bold=bold, size=font_size, color=font_color, italic=italic)
c.alignment = Alignment(wrap_text=wrap, horizontal=align, vertical=valign)
if bg:
c.fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor=bg)
if border == 'thick':
c.border = thick_border()
elif border == 'thin':
c.border = thin_border()
return c
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SHEET 1 — The 12 Ahara Vargas (Main Comparative Chart)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "12 Ahara Vargas"
# Column widths
col_widths = [4, 24, 32, 30, 36, 30, 28]
for i, w in enumerate(col_widths, 1):
ws1.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(i)].width = w
# ── Row 1: Main Title ──
ws1.merge_cells('A1:G1')
c = cell(ws1, 1, 1,
"CLASSIFICATION OF AHARADRAVYAS",
bold=True, font_size=16, font_color='FFFFFF',
bg='2E4057', wrap=True, align='center', border='thick')
ws1.row_dimensions[1].height = 36
# ── Row 2: Subtitle ──
ws1.merge_cells('A2:G2')
cell(ws1, 2, 1,
"Classical Ayurveda (Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana 27) ↔ Contemporary Nutritional Science",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF',
bg='048A81', wrap=True, align='center', border='thick')
ws1.row_dimensions[2].height = 24
# ── Row 3: blank spacer ──
ws1.row_dimensions[3].height = 6
# ── Row 4: Column headers ──
headers = ['#', 'Ayurvedic Varga\n(Sanskrit Name)', 'Classical Constituents\n(Examples)',
'Ayurvedic Properties\n(Guna / Virya / Vipaka)', 'Modern Food Group\n& Category',
'Key Nutrients\n(Contemporary Science)', 'Physiological\nCorrespondence']
header_bg = '1B4F72'
for col, h in enumerate(headers, 1):
cell(ws1, 4, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF',
bg=header_bg, wrap=True, align='center', border='thick')
ws1.row_dimensions[4].height = 40
# ── Data rows ──
data = [
# (No, Varga, Constituents, Ayurvedic Props, Modern Group, Key Nutrients, Physio)
(1,
"Shukadhanya Varga\n(Bristled/Husk Cereals)",
"Shashtika shali (red rice), Yava (barley), Godhuma (wheat), Vrihi, Syamaka (foxtail millet), Koradusa (kodo millet)",
"Madhura rasa, Sheeta/Ushna virya (varies), Laghu-Guru (varies); pacify Vata-Pitta; nourish Dhatus",
"Cereals & Whole Grains\n(Monocotyledons)",
"Complex carbohydrates, Dietary fiber, B-vitamins (B1, B3, folate), Iron, Magnesium, Moderate protein",
"Primary energy source; supports Agni (digestive fire) ↔ Glycemic regulation, gut microbiome substrate"),
(2,
"Shamidhanya Varga\n(Legumes / Pulses)",
"Mudga (green gram), Masura (lentil), Masha (black gram), Chanaka (chickpea), Kalaya (peas), Kulattha (horse gram)",
"Kashaya-Madhura rasa, Laghu, Sheeta virya; Tridoshahara (Mudga); Ruksha, Vatakara; best protein source",
"Legumes & Pulses\n(Dicotyledons)",
"Plant protein (20-25%), Lysine, Dietary fiber, Folate, Iron, Zinc, Phytosterols, Isoflavones",
"Tissue building (Dhatu Poshan) ↔ Muscle protein synthesis, LDL lowering, prebiotic effect"),
(3,
"Mamsa Varga\n(Meat / Animal Flesh)",
"Jangala (dry land: deer, rabbit); Anupa (marshy/aquatic: buffalo, fish); Viskira (birds: hen, quail, pigeon)",
"Madhura rasa, Snigdha, Guru, Ushna virya; Vata-shamaka; highly nourishing (Brumhana); Jangala = best",
"Animal Proteins\n(Meat, Poultry, Seafood)",
"Complete proteins (all EAAs), Vitamin B12, Heme iron, Zinc, Omega-3 FA (fish), Fat-soluble vitamins A/D",
"Bala (strength) & Ojas building ↔ Muscle mass, immune function, neurological health"),
(4,
"Shaka Varga\n(Cooked Vegetables)",
"Patola (pointed gourd), Karavellaka (bitter gourd), Vartaka (brinjal), Mulaka (radish), Palakya (spinach)",
"Tikta-Katu dominant; Laghu, Ruksha; Kapha-Pitta shamaka; Agni-deepana; Vata-kara in excess",
"Vegetables\n(Cooked/Leafy/Root)",
"Vitamins A, C, K; Dietary fiber, Folate, Potassium, Phytonutrients, Antioxidants (carotenoids, flavonoids)",
"Sroto-shodhana (channel cleansing) ↔ Antioxidant protection, gut motility, immune modulation"),
(5,
"Phala Varga\n(Fruits)",
"Draksha (grapes), Dadima (pomegranate), Amalaki (Indian gooseberry), Bilva, Kapittha, Kola (jujube)",
"Madhura-Amla rasa; Sheeta/Ushna varies; Laghu; Pitta-shamaka (sweet); Amalaki = best fruit",
"Fruits\n(Fresh & Dried)",
"Natural sugars (fructose), Vitamin C, Polyphenols, Quercetin, Resveratrol (grapes), Dietary fiber, Tannins",
"Rasayana (rejuvenation) ↔ Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, immune-boosting"),
(6,
"Harita Varga\n(Raw Greens & Herbs)",
"Lasuna (garlic), Ardraka (ginger), Palandu (onion), Methi (fenugreek), Tanduliya, Shatapushpa",
"Katu-Tikta dominant; Ushna virya; Deepana-Pachana; Kapha-Vata shamaka; used raw (uncooked)",
"Functional Foods\n(Herbs, Spices, Raw Greens)",
"Allicin (garlic), Gingerols/Shogaols (ginger), Quercetin (onion), Fenugreekine, Volatile sulfur compounds, Chlorophyll",
"Agni stimulation, antimicrobial ↔ Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective"),
(7,
"Madya Varga\n(Fermented Beverages)",
"Sura (grain wine), Varuni (palm wine), Arishta, Asava (medicated ferments), Maireya, Medaka",
"Amla rasa & Vipaka, Ushna virya; Laghu, Tikshna; Deepana; in moderation: Hridya, Balya; excess = toxic",
"Fermented Foods\n& Alcoholic Beverages",
"Probiotics (non-alcoholic ferments), Ethanol, Organic acids, B-vitamins, Polyphenols (wine), Short-chain fatty acids",
"Agni-deepana, microbiome modulation ↔ Gut microbiota support, ethanol metabolism (liver)"),
(8,
"Jala / Ambu Varga\n(Water)",
"Divya jala (rain water), Naadeya (river), Sarovara (lake), Kupa (well), Shita (cold), Ushna (boiled)",
"No rasa/taste ideally; Laghu, Sheeta; Tridosha-shamaka; Divya jala = best; boiled water = Laghu",
"Water & Hydration\n(Beverages)",
"Water (H₂O), Trace minerals (Ca, Mg, K), Electrolytes, Zero macronutrients",
"Kleda (moisture), Soma (fluidity of body) ↔ Cellular hydration, thermoregulation, nutrient transport"),
(9,
"Gorasa / Kshira Varga\n(Milk & Dairy Products)",
"Go-kshira (cow milk), Mahishi (buffalo milk), Aja (goat milk), Dadhi (curd/yoghurt), Takra (buttermilk), Navanita (butter), Ghrita (ghee)",
"Madhura rasa & Vipaka; Sheeta virya (milk/ghee); Snigdha, Guru; Ojas-vardhaka; Ghrita = best for Agni",
"Dairy & Fermented Dairy\n(Milk, Cheese, Yoghurt)",
"Calcium, Phosphorus, Casein & Whey protein, Vitamins A/D/K2/B12, Butyrate (ghee), Probiotics (yoghurt/buttermilk)",
"Ojas (vital essence) nourishment ↔ Bone health, gut epithelial support (butyrate), microbiome (probiotics)"),
(10,
"Ikshu Varga\n(Sugarcane & Products)",
"Ikshurasa (raw sugarcane juice), Guda (jaggery), Sarkara (sugar), Khandava, Sitopala (candy sugar)",
"Madhura rasa; Sheeta virya (juice/guda); Snigdha; Balya, Hridya; Guda > Sarkara > refined sugar in quality",
"Sugars & Natural Sweeteners\n(Caloric Sweeteners)",
"Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose; Jaggery retains Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium; Molasses = B-vitamins",
"Immediate energy (Bala) ↔ Rapid glucose for energy; jaggery = micronutrient-dense vs. empty calories (refined sugar)"),
(11,
"Kritanna Varga\n(Processed/Cooked Preparations)",
"Manda (thin rice gruel), Peya (thin porridge), Yavagu (thick gruel), Vilepi (very thick), Yusha (lentil soup), Krishara (khichdi), Sattu (roasted flour)",
"Properties depend on base ingredient; generally Laghu, Deepana, easy to digest; used in Samsarjana Krama (post-Panchakarma refeeding)",
"Processed & Cooked Foods\n(Therapeutic & Functional Preparations)",
"Variable macronutrient profile; enhanced bioavailability post-cooking; resistant starch (cooled rice/gruel); reduced anti-nutrients",
"Samsarjana Krama = gradual dietary rehabilitation ↔ Modern post-surgical/post-illness graded refeeding protocol"),
(12,
"Ahara-Upayogi Varga\n(Accessory / Condiment Articles)",
"Saindhava lavana (rock salt), Sauvarchala (black salt), Tila taila (sesame oil), Sarshapa taila (mustard oil), Madhu (honey), Takra",
"Varies: Saindhava = best salt (Tridoshahara, Laghu); Madhu = best Yogavahi (carrier); Tila taila = Ushna, Snigdha",
"Condiments, Oils, Salts\n& Flavor Enhancers",
"Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, Mg - rock salt); Unsaturated FA/MUFA/PUFA (oils); Methylglyoxal, Hydrogen peroxide (honey); Trace minerals",
"Agni enhancement, bioavailability carrier ↔ Electrolyte balance, essential fatty acids, antimicrobial (honey)")
]
# Row colors (alternating)
row_colors = ['EBF5FB', 'FDFEFE'] # light blue / near white
for i, row_data in enumerate(data):
r = 5 + i
bg = row_colors[i % 2]
ws1.row_dimensions[r].height = 72
# No column
cell(ws1, r, 1, str(row_data[0]), bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF',
bg='2E4057', align='center', border='thin')
# Varga name (col 2) — Sanskrit bold orange
cell(ws1, r, 2, row_data[1], bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='884400',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Constituents (col 3)
cell(ws1, r, 3, row_data[2], bold=False, font_size=9, font_color='1A1A1A',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Ayurvedic props (col 4)
cell(ws1, r, 4, row_data[3], bold=False, font_size=9, font_color='1B4F72',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin', italic=True)
# Modern group (col 5)
cell(ws1, r, 5, row_data[4], bold=True, font_size=9, font_color='1D6A39',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Key nutrients (col 6)
cell(ws1, r, 6, row_data[5], bold=False, font_size=9, font_color='1A1A1A',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Physiological correspondence (col 7)
cell(ws1, r, 7, row_data[6], bold=False, font_size=9, font_color='4A235A',
bg=bg, align='left', border='thin', italic=True)
# ── Footer row ──
r_foot = 5 + len(data)
ws1.row_dimensions[r_foot].height = 30
ws1.merge_cells(f'A{r_foot}:G{r_foot}')
cell(ws1, r_foot, 1,
"Source: Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana 27) | Ashtanga Hridayam | Sushruta Samhita | WJPR 2025 (Jadhav et al.) | FAO/WHO Food Classification Framework",
bold=False, font_size=8, font_color='666666', bg='E8E8E8',
align='left', border='thin', italic=True)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SHEET 2 — Multi-Axis Ayurvedic Classification
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Ayurvedic Classification Axes")
col_widths2 = [22, 22, 28, 26, 26]
for i, w in enumerate(col_widths2, 1):
ws2.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(i)].width = w
# Title
ws2.merge_cells('A1:E1')
cell(ws2, 1, 1, "AYURVEDIC CLASSIFICATION AXES FOR AHARADRAVYAS",
bold=True, font_size=14, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2E4057',
align='center', border='thick')
ws2.row_dimensions[1].height = 32
ws2.merge_cells('A2:E2')
cell(ws2, 2, 1, "Multiple overlapping frameworks used to classify food substances in classical Ayurveda",
bold=False, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='048A81',
align='center', border='thick', italic=True)
ws2.row_dimensions[2].height = 22
# ── Section A: Rasa (6 Tastes) ──
ws2.row_dimensions[4].height = 22
ws2.merge_cells('A4:E4')
cell(ws2, 4, 1, "A. RASA (Taste) — 6 Primary Tastes & Dosha Effect",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
headers_rasa = ['Rasa (Taste)', 'Sanskrit', 'Dosha Effect', 'Food Examples', 'Modern Compound Parallel']
for col, h in enumerate(headers_rasa, 1):
cell(ws2, 5, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
ws2.row_dimensions[5].height = 22
rasa_data = [
('Madhura (Sweet)', 'मधुर', 'Pacifies Vata & Pitta; Increases Kapha', 'Rice, milk, ghee, sugar, dates', 'Carbohydrates, fats, amino acids'),
('Amla (Sour)', 'अम्ल', 'Pacifies Vata; Increases Pitta & Kapha', 'Citrus fruits, tamarind, yoghurt, vinegar', 'Citric acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid'),
('Lavana (Salty)', 'लवण', 'Pacifies Vata; Increases Pitta & Kapha', 'Rock salt, sea salt, salty foods', 'NaCl, KCl, trace minerals'),
('Katu (Pungent)', 'कटु', 'Pacifies Kapha; Increases Vata & Pitta', 'Ginger, pepper, garlic, mustard, chili', 'Capsaicin, gingerols, allicin, piperine'),
('Tikta (Bitter)', 'तिक्त', 'Pacifies Pitta & Kapha; Increases Vata', 'Bitter gourd, turmeric, fenugreek, neem', 'Alkaloids, polyphenols, glycosides, terpenes'),
('Kashaya (Astringent)','कषाय','Pacifies Pitta & Kapha; Increases Vata', 'Pomegranate, banana flower, raw banana', 'Tannins, polyphenols, catechins'),
]
rasa_bgs = ['D6EAF8', 'FADBD8', 'FDEBD0', 'D5F5E3', 'F9EBEA', 'EBF5FB']
for i, rd in enumerate(rasa_data):
r = 6 + i
ws2.row_dimensions[r].height = 30
bg = rasa_bgs[i]
for col, val in enumerate(rd, 1):
bold = (col == 1)
cell(ws2, r, col, val, bold=bold, font_size=9, bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# ── Section B: Guna (Key Qualities) ──
r_start_b = 14
ws2.row_dimensions[r_start_b].height = 22
ws2.merge_cells(f'A{r_start_b}:E{r_start_b}')
cell(ws2, r_start_b, 1, "B. GUNA (Qualities) — Clinically Most Relevant Pairs (Gurvadi Guna)",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
headers_guna = ['Guna Pair', 'Sanskrit', 'Effect on Body/Agni', 'Food Examples', 'Modern Science Parallel']
for col, h in enumerate(headers_guna, 1):
cell(ws2, r_start_b+1, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
ws2.row_dimensions[r_start_b+1].height = 22
guna_data = [
('Guru (Heavy) / Laghu (Light)', 'गुरु / लघु', 'Guru → slows digestion, nourishes; Laghu → easy to digest, kindles Agni',
'Guru: Milk, meat, wheat | Laghu: Mung dal, rice gruel, barley', 'High vs. low caloric density; High vs. low glycemic load'),
('Snigdha (Unctuous) / Ruksha (Dry)', 'स्निग्ध / रूक्ष', 'Snigdha → lubricates, Vata-shamaka; Ruksha → drying, Kapha-hara',
'Snigdha: Ghee, sesame, avocado | Ruksha: Pulses, dry cereals', 'Lipid-rich vs. fiber-rich foods; SCFA vs. insoluble fiber'),
('Ushna (Hot) / Sheeta (Cold)', 'उष्ण / शीत', 'Ushna → enhances Agni, Vata/Kapha-hara; Sheeta → cools, Pitta-hara',
'Ushna: Ginger, pepper, mustard oil | Sheeta: Coconut, milk, coriander', 'Thermogenic foods vs. anti-inflammatory/cooling foods'),
('Tikshna (Sharp) / Manda (Dull)', 'तीक्ष्ण / मन्द', 'Tikshna → penetrating, fast action; Manda → slow, gentle',
'Tikshna: Alcohol, vinegar | Manda: Rice gruel, banana', 'Fast-absorbing vs. slow-digesting; high vs. low fermentability'),
('Sthira (Stable) / Sara (Mobile)', 'स्थिर / सर', 'Sthira → builds tissue, stabilizes; Sara → promotes elimination',
'Sthira: Potatoes, root vegetables | Sara: Castor oil, prunes, figs', 'Anabolic vs. catabolic nutrients; constipating vs. laxative effects'),
]
guna_bg = ['EAF2FF', 'FFF3E0', 'E8F8E8', 'FFF0F0', 'F3E5F5']
for i, gd in enumerate(guna_data):
r = r_start_b + 2 + i
ws2.row_dimensions[r].height = 36
for col, val in enumerate(gd, 1):
bold = (col == 1)
cell(ws2, r, col, val, bold=bold, font_size=9, bg=guna_bg[i], align='left', border='thin')
# ── Section C: Triguna / Mahagunas ──
r_start_c = r_start_b + 2 + len(guna_data) + 2
ws2.row_dimensions[r_start_c].height = 22
ws2.merge_cells(f'A{r_start_c}:E{r_start_c}')
cell(ws2, r_start_c, 1, "C. TRIGUNA (Mahaguna) Classification — Psychophysiological Impact of Food",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
headers_triguna = ['Guna', 'Nature', 'Food Examples', 'Effect on Mind & Body', 'Modern Parallel']
for col, h in enumerate(headers_triguna, 1):
cell(ws2, r_start_c+1, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
ws2.row_dimensions[r_start_c+1].height = 22
triguna_data = [
('Sattvic (सात्त्विक)', 'Pure, clarity, balance',
'Fresh fruits, milk, ghee, honey, whole grains, leafy vegetables, nuts',
'Promotes clarity (Satva), compassion, intelligence; supports Ojas; disease-preventive',
'Anti-inflammatory diet; omega-3-rich, antioxidant-rich, low AGE foods; supports gut-brain axis'),
('Rajasic (राजसिक)', 'Stimulating, activating, restless',
'Spicy/salty/sour foods, meat, coffee, alcohol (mild), garlic, onion in excess',
'Increases activity, passion, aggression; disturbs mental equanimity; excess → Pitta aggravation',
'Sympathomimetic foods; cortisol-stimulating; capsaicin, caffeine, high-protein diets'),
('Tamasic (तामसिक)', 'Dull, inertia, heaviness',
'Stale/overcooked food, excessive fermented food, alcohol, processed/packaged food, leftovers > 3 hrs',
'Promotes lethargy, dullness, ignorance; impairs Agni; Ama-generating; disease-promoting',
'Ultra-processed foods; high AGE foods; proinflammatory; impairs gut microbiota diversity'),
]
triguna_bgs = ['E8F8F5', 'FDEBD0', 'FDEDEC']
for i, td in enumerate(triguna_data):
r = r_start_c + 2 + i
ws2.row_dimensions[r].height = 44
for col, val in enumerate(td, 1):
bold = (col == 1)
cell(ws2, r, col, val, bold=bold, font_size=9, bg=triguna_bgs[i], align='left', border='thin')
# ── Section D: Virya/Vipaka ──
r_start_d = r_start_c + 2 + len(triguna_data) + 2
ws2.row_dimensions[r_start_d].height = 22
ws2.merge_cells(f'A{r_start_d}:E{r_start_d}')
cell(ws2, r_start_d, 1, "D. VIRYA & VIPAKA — Potency & Post-digestive Effect",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
headers_vv = ['Parameter', 'Types', 'Meaning', 'Food Examples', 'Modern Parallel']
for col, h in enumerate(headers_vv, 1):
cell(ws2, r_start_d+1, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
vv_data = [
('Virya (Potency / वीर्य)', 'Ushna (Hot) / Sheeta (Cold)',
'The dominant pharmacological potency of a food during digestion',
'Ushna: Garlic, ginger, pepper, mustard | Sheeta: Milk, coconut, coriander, fennel',
'Thermogenic effect (TEF), pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds'),
('Vipaka (Post-digestive effect / विपाक)', 'Madhura / Amla / Katu',
'The final taste/effect after complete metabolism; governs long-term Dosha effect',
'Madhura Vipaka: Rice, milk (nourishing, anabolic) | Katu Vipaka: Honey, turmeric (catabolic, Kapha-hara)',
'End-products of digestion/fermentation: SCFAs (butyrate), glucose, amino acids, secondary bile acids'),
]
for i, vd in enumerate(vv_data):
r = r_start_d + 2 + i
ws2.row_dimensions[r].height = 44
bg = 'F4F6F7' if i % 2 == 0 else 'EBF5FB'
for col, val in enumerate(vd, 1):
bold = (col == 1)
cell(ws2, r, col, val, bold=bold, font_size=9, bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# ── Footer Sheet 2 ──
r_foot2 = r_start_d + 2 + len(vv_data) + 1
ws2.merge_cells(f'A{r_foot2}:E{r_foot2}')
cell(ws2, r_foot2, 1,
"References: Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana 1, 26-27 | Ashtanga Hridayam Sutra 6 | Jadhav et al. WJPR 2025 | Carakasamhitaonline.com",
bold=False, font_size=8, font_color='888888', bg='EEEEEE', align='left', border='thin', italic=True)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SHEET 3 — Mode of Intake + Origin Classification
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Other Classifications")
col_widths3 = [25, 22, 26, 26, 26]
for i, w in enumerate(col_widths3, 1):
ws3.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(i)].width = w
ws3.merge_cells('A1:E1')
cell(ws3, 1, 1, "OTHER AYURVEDIC CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORKS FOR AHARADRAVYAS",
bold=True, font_size=13, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2E4057',
align='center', border='thick')
ws3.row_dimensions[1].height = 30
# Mode of Intake
ws3.merge_cells('A3:E3')
cell(ws3, 3, 1, "A. MODE OF INTAKE (Physical State of Food)",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
for col, h in enumerate(['Mode (Sanskrit)', 'Meaning', 'Examples', 'Modern Equivalent', 'Clinical Relevance'], 1):
cell(ws3, 4, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
intake_data = [
('Ashita (आशित)', 'Solid eatables', 'Cooked rice, bread, rotis, baked foods', 'Solid foods', 'Standard meal; requires good Agni; contraindicated post-Panchakarma'),
('Peeta (पीत)', 'Drinkables (liquids)', 'Fruit juices, soups, milk, water, broths', 'Liquid foods / Beverages', 'Easily absorbed; prescribed in compromised Agni, febrile states'),
('Khaadita (खादित)', 'Chewables', 'Raw vegetables, sugarcane, hard fruits, nuts', 'Finger foods / Raw foods', 'Stimulates salivary amylase; mechanical digestion; high-fiber'),
('Lehya (लेह्य)', 'Lickable (semi-solid)', 'Honey, Chyawanprash, Avaleha, jams', 'Semi-solid / Spreads', 'Buccal absorption; concentrated nutrition; medicinal use'),
]
for i, row in enumerate(intake_data):
r = 5 + i
ws3.row_dimensions[r].height = 36
bg = 'EBF5FB' if i % 2 == 0 else 'FDFEFE'
for col, val in enumerate(row, 1):
cell(ws3, r, col, val, bold=(col==1), font_size=9, bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Origin Classification
ws3.merge_cells('A11:E11')
cell(ws3, 11, 1, "B. ORIGIN-BASED CLASSIFICATION (Mula/Prabhava)",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
for col, h in enumerate(['Category', 'Sanskrit', 'Sub-categories', 'Examples', 'Modern Classification'], 1):
cell(ws3, 12, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
origin_data = [
('Plant Origin', 'Sthavara (स्थावर)', 'Mula (roots), Kanda (tubers), Pushpa (flowers), Phala (fruits), Patra (leaves), Tvak (bark), Sara (heartwood), Niryasa (resin)',
'Turmeric (rhizome), Lotus (flower), Mango (fruit), Spinach (leaf)', 'Plant-based foods; Whole foods diet; Phytotherapy'),
('Animal Origin', 'Jangama (जङ्गम)', 'Mamsa (meat), Kshira (milk), Madhu (honey), Mutra (urine - medicinal), Purisha (feces - therapeutic), Rakta (blood)',
'Cow milk, beef, honey, goat meat, fish', 'Animal-based proteins; Omnivore diet classification'),
('Mineral/Inorganic', 'Parthiva (पार्थिव)', 'Lavana (salts), Jala (water varieties), Dhatu (metals - medicinal)',
'Rock salt, limestone water, Shilajit', 'Minerals & trace elements; electrolytes'),
]
origin_bgs = ['D5F5E3', 'FDEBD0', 'EBF5FB']
for i, row in enumerate(origin_data):
r = 13 + i
ws3.row_dimensions[r].height = 50
for col, val in enumerate(row, 1):
cell(ws3, r, col, val, bold=(col==1), font_size=9, bg=origin_bgs[i], align='left', border='thin')
# Pathya/Apathya
ws3.merge_cells('A18:E18')
cell(ws3, 18, 1, "C. PATHYA-APATHYA CLASSIFICATION (Wholesomeness / Therapeutic Suitability)",
bold=True, font_size=11, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='1B4F72', align='left', border='thick')
for col, h in enumerate(['Category', 'Definition', 'Criteria', 'Examples', 'Modern Equivalent'], 1):
cell(ws3, 19, col, h, bold=True, font_size=10, font_color='FFFFFF', bg='2980B9',
align='center', border='thin')
pp_data = [
('Pathya (पथ्य)', 'Wholesome / Beneficial food',
'Suits Prakriti, Ritu, Agni, Vyadhi; supports Dhatus; disease-preventing',
'Warm water, mung dal, ghee, Shashtika rice (for most constitutions)',
'Evidence-based dietary recommendations; personalized nutrition (nutrigenomics)'),
('Apathya (अपथ्य)', 'Unwholesome / Harmful food',
'Incompatible with Prakriti or disease state; causes Ama; Dosha-aggravating',
'Curd at night, fish+milk combination, cold water after exercise',
'Dietary risk factors for disease; food-drug interactions; allergenic foods'),
('Viruddha Ahara (विरुद्ध)', 'Incompatible food combinations',
'Contradictory properties in combination cause Ama; processed together or eaten together',
'Milk + fish; honey + ghee in equal proportions; fruit + dairy combinations',
'Food incompatibilities; altered bioavailability; Maillard reaction concerns'),
]
for i, row in enumerate(pp_data):
r = 20 + i
ws3.row_dimensions[r].height = 44
bg = 'D5F5E3' if i == 0 else ('FDEDEC' if i == 1 else 'FFF3CD')
for col, val in enumerate(row, 1):
cell(ws3, r, col, val, bold=(col==1), font_size=9, bg=bg, align='left', border='thin')
# Footer
ws3.merge_cells('A24:E24')
cell(ws3, 24, 1,
"Sources: Charaka Samhita | Ashtanga Hridayam | Sushruta Samhita | IJPRA 2024 | WJPR 2025",
bold=False, font_size=8, font_color='888888', bg='EEEEEE', align='left', italic=True, border='thin')
# ── Save ──
out_path = '/tmp/workspace/aharadravyas/Aharadravyas_Classification_Chart.xlsx'
wb.save(out_path)
print(f"Saved: {out_path}")
cd /tmp/workspace/aharadravyas && python build_chart.py
Aharadravyas Classification Chart
Spreadsheet · XLSX
| Sheet | Contents |
|---|---|
| 12 Ahara Vargas | Main comparative table - all 12 classical vargas with Sanskrit names, classical constituents, Ayurvedic properties (Guna/Virya/Vipaka), modern food group, key nutrients, and physiological correspondence |
| Ayurvedic Classification Axes | 4 sub-tables: Rasa (6 tastes), Guna (10 quality pairs), Triguna (Sattvic/Rajasic/Tamasic), and Virya/Vipaka - each with modern science parallels |
| Other Classifications | Mode of intake (Ashita/Peeta/Khaadita/Lehya), Origin-based (Sthavara/Jangama/Parthiva), and Pathya-Apathya-Viruddha framework |