Okay. Uh, this is for sense signaling. Now you need to create the, uh, mind map for different, different mind maps for each pathway. The first mind map should be for ERK map K pathways, like ERK, JNK, and P38 pathway, and then move to the PI3K, AKT, and PKA, PKB pathway, then mTORs, mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathway, and, uh, go to the, uh, then go to the, mm, PKC pathway, then the Wnt, SHH, and TGF, and Notch pathway. Uh, form all these, uh, mind map pathways and then also explain about these.
Detailed mind map for MAPK signaling pathways showing ERK, JNK, and p38 pathways. Central node labeled "MAPK Pathways". Three main branches: 1) ERK Pathway branch showing: Stimulus (Growth Factors/RTK) → Ras (GTP) → Raf (MAP3K) → MEK1/2 (MAP2K) → ERK1/2 → Transcription factors (Elk-1, CREB, c-Fos, SAP-1) → Outcomes (Cell proliferation, differentiation, survival). 2) JNK Pathway branch showing: Stimulus (Stress, cytokines, DNA damage) → MEKK1-4/MLK/TAK1 (MAP3K) → MKK4/7 (MAP2K) → JNK1/2/3 → Transcription factors (c-Jun, ATF-2, Elk-1) → Outcomes (Apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation). 3) p38 Pathway branch showing: Stimulus (Oxidative stress, osmotic shock, UV) → ASK1/TAK1 (MAP3K) → MKK3/6 (MAP2K) → p38α/β/γ/δ → Transcription factors (ATF-2, CHOP, MEF2C) → Outcomes (Inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest). Include inhibitors: Vemurafenib/Dabrafenib (Raf), Trametinib/Selumetinib (MEK). Clean scientific diagram style with color-coded branches on white background.
Detailed mind map for PI3K-AKT-PKA-PKB signaling pathways. Central node "PI3K / AKT / PKA / PKB Pathways". Main branches: 1) PI3K Branch: Stimulus (Growth factor → RTK/GPCR) → PI3K activation → PIP2 converted to PIP3 → PDK1 recruitment → Note: PTEN negatively regulates (PIP3→PIP2). 2) AKT (PKB) Branch: PIP3 → recruits AKT to membrane → PDK1 phosphorylates AKT (Thr308) → mTORC2 phosphorylates AKT (Ser473) → Active AKT → sub-branches: BAD inhibition (survival), GSK-3β inhibition (glycogen synthesis), MDM2 activation (p53 inhibition), FOXO inhibition (cell cycle), NF-kB activation (inflammation). 3) PKA Branch: cAMP (from adenylyl cyclase/GPCR) → PKA activation → CREB phosphorylation (gene transcription) → targets: ion channels, metabolic enzymes, glycogen phosphorylase. Key inhibitors noted: Alpelisib/Copanlisib (PI3K), Afuresertib/Uprosertib (AKT). Color-coded nodes, scientific mind map style on white background.
Detailed scientific mind map for mTOR signaling pathways: mTORC1 and mTORC2. Central node "mTOR Pathway". Branch 1 - mTORC1: Components: mTOR + Raptor + mLST8. Inputs: PI3K/AKT → TSC1/2 inhibition → Rheb-GTP → mTORC1. Also: amino acids via Ragulator-Rag complex. Outputs/downstream: S6K1 activation (protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis), 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (cap-dependent translation, eIF4E release), TFEB inhibition (autophagy suppression), lipid/sterol biosynthesis via SREBP, pyrimidine biosynthesis. Branch 2 - mTORC2: Components: mTOR + Rictor + mSin1 + mLST8. Inputs: growth factors, PI3K. Outputs/downstream: AKT phosphorylation Ser473 (full AKT activation), SGK1 activation (ion transport, glucokinase induction), PKCα activation (actin cytoskeleton). Feedback: S6K1 inhibits IRS-1 (negative feedback). Inhibitors: Rapamycin/Sirolimus, Everolimus, Temsirolimus (mTORC1). Color-coded branches, clean white background, scientific style.
Detailed scientific mind map for Protein Kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway. Central node "PKC Pathway". Branches: 1) Activation Branch: GPCR/RTK stimulus → Phospholipase C-β/γ → PIP2 hydrolysis → DAG (diacylglycerol) + IP3. Sub-branch from IP3: ER calcium release → Ca2+ increase. Sub-branch from DAG + Ca2+: PKC isoforms activation. 2) PKC Isoforms Branch: Classical PKC (α, βI, βII, γ) - require Ca2+, DAG, PS. Novel PKC (δ, ε, η, θ) - require DAG but not Ca2+. Atypical PKC (ζ, ι/λ) - require neither Ca2+ nor DAG. 3) Downstream Effectors Branch: → MAPK/ERK activation, → NF-κB activation (inflammation), → transcription factors (AP-1, c-Fos, c-Jun), → ion channel modulation, → cell growth and differentiation, → secretion/exocytosis. 4) Functions Branch: Immune cell activation, synaptic plasticity (LTP), tumor promotion (phorbol esters), diabetes complications (DAG accumulation). Inhibitors: Staurosporine, Go6983. Color-coded, clean white background.
Detailed scientific mind map for developmental signaling pathways: Wnt, SHH (Sonic Hedgehog), TGF-β, and Notch. Central node "Developmental Signaling Pathways". Branch 1 - Wnt/β-catenin: Wnt OFF state: Destruction complex (APC+Axin+GSK-3β+CK1) phosphorylates β-catenin → ubiquitination → proteasomal degradation. Wnt ON state: Wnt ligand → Frizzled + LRP5/6 → Dishevelled (Dvl) → Destruction complex inhibited → β-catenin accumulates → nucleus → TCF/LEF transcription → Cyclin D1, c-Myc, Axin2. Branch 2 - SHH (Sonic Hedgehog): No SHH: Patched1 (PTCH1) inhibits Smoothened (SMO) → Gli2/3 proteolysis → Gli repressor → no transcription. SHH present: SHH binds PTCH1 → SMO activated → Gli1/2 full activator → nucleus → target genes (Cyclin D, PTCH1, Gli1). Inhibitors: Vismodegib/Sonidegib (SMO). Branch 3 - TGF-β/SMAD: TGF-β ligand → TGF-β RII → activates TGF-β RI → SMAD2/3 phosphorylation → SMAD4 complex → nucleus → TGF-β target genes → EMT, fibrosis, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis. Branch 4 - Notch: Notch ligand (Delta/Jagged) on signal cell → Notch receptor on receiving cell → ADAM metalloprotease cleavage → γ-secretase cleavage → NICD (Notch intracellular domain) release → nucleus → CSL/RBPJκ transcription factor → Hes/Hey genes → cell fate determination, stem cell maintenance. Color-coded branches, clean white background, scientific style.
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