Clinical Cardio Essays - Previous Year Questions

Cardiovascular System

1. Blood supply of the heart - Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, medical and surgical management of Myocardial Infarction (2014, 2013, 2011, 2017)
2. Angina Pectoris - Risk factors, etiology, clinical features, investigation, medical and surgical management of unstable angina
3. Describe the mechanism of maintenance of blood pressure (2020, 2019, 2015)
4. Anatomy of Heart in detail (2021, 2019, 2013)
5. Anatomy of Heart and its blood supply - Briefly outline the electrical activity (2016)
6. Cardiac Transplantation - Indications, post-operative complications (2024, 2013)
7. Cardiac Transplantation - Procedure and management after surgery (2013)
8. Indications and principles of Cardiac Transplantation
9. Tetralogy of Fallot - Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, investigations, medical management (2020, 2013)
10. Hypertension - Etiology, clinical features, investigation, complications, management; types and management (2018, 2014, 2012)
11. Infective Endocarditis - Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management
12. Coronary Artery Disease - Definition, clinical features, management
13. Arteriosclerosis - Hemodynamic factors affecting coronary flow; risk factor management in cardiac patients
14. Congenital Heart Diseases - Note on pediatric cardiac rehabilitation
15. Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Conditions requiring closed heart surgery; brief description
16. Conditions requiring closed heart surgery and management after surgery
17. Myocardial preservation techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass (2018)
18. Principles of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery and its complications
19. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) - Principles and methods (2017, 2012)
20. Cardiovascular Stress (Treadmill) Test - Principles
21. Cardiac Stress Testing - Principles, indications, and contraindications
22. Permanent Pacemaker Implantation - Principles, methodology, indications (2016, 2015, 2020)
23. Pre-operative assessment and management of a patient posted for cardiac surgery

Respiratory System

1. COPD - Define chronic bronchitis and emphysema; etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, medical management
2. Chronic Bronchitis - Definition, clinical features and management
3. COPD - Pathophysiology, clinical features and management (2014)
4. Carcinoma of the Lung - Clinical features and management (2019, 2018, 2015, 2012)
5. Pneumothorax - Clinical features, types, complications, diagnosis, management (2022)
6. Empyema Thoracis - Causes and management
7. Empyema - Definition, clinical features and management (2013)
8. Pulmonary Tuberculosis - Clinical presentation, pathology, management; types, clinical features and management (2021, 2020, 2013)
9. Community Acquired Pneumonia (Severe) - Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, medical management; role of physiotherapy
10. Bronchopneumonia - Clinical features and management
11. Pneumonia - Definition, clinical features, pathology, investigations, medical and surgical management
12. Bronchial Asthma - Anatomy, types, clinical manifestations, management; tracheobronchial tree diagram (2017)
13. Asthma - Definition, clinical features, pathology, investigations, medical and surgical management
14. Asthmatic patient - C/F, investigations and treatment during and after an attack
15. Lung Abscess - Etiology, clinical features and management
16. Bronchiectasis - Definition, clinical features and management (2014)
17. Hemoptysis - Definition and management of massive hemoptysis indicating bronchial artery embolism
18. Restrictive Lung Diseases - List; clinical features, investigatory findings and management of any one
19. Pulmonary Function Assessment - Essay
20. Physiological Control of Respiration - Essay
21. Principles of Various Ventilators and their use
22. Cough Reflex - Mechanism

Anatomy / Thorax

1. Anatomy of Thoracic Cage (2016)
2. Anatomy of Lungs with Bronchopulmonary Segments (2013)
3. Relationship of bony thorax, lungs and abdominal contents to each other
4. Chest Wall Deformities - In detail
5. Kyphosis - Definition and management
6. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - Clinical features and management

Surgical Topics

1. Thoracotomy - Definition, types of incisions, muscles cut, complications
2. Pneumonectomy - Definition, indications, post-operative management
3. Pneumonectomy - Pre and post-operative management (with clinical features of pneumonia)
4. Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery - Principles and complications