1st year mbbs 1 Cell Junctions ⭐⭐ Definition → 5 types → specific function of each → simple diagram → examples/clinical importance 2 Membrane Proteins Definition → integral & peripheral → functions: transport, receptors, enzymes, recognition, adhesion, structural support 3 Diffusion ⭐⭐⭐ Definition → simple & facilitated diffusion → factors affecting rate → Fick's law → examples/clinical relevance 4 Membrane Transport + Active Transport + Na⁺-K⁺ Pump ⭐⭐⭐ Classification of transport → passive vs active → primary vs secondary active → detailed Na⁺-K⁺ pump mechanism and functions 5 Intercellular Communication ⭐⭐ Definition → chemical messengers → endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, synaptic → receptor → cellular response 6 Homeostasis + Negative Feedback ⭐⭐⭐ Definition of homeostasis → components of control system → negative feedback mechanism → examples → role of circulation in maintaining homeostasis 7 Exocytosis Definition → mechanism/steps → examples → functions 8 Apoptosis Definition → basic mechanism → morphological changes → physiological importance → clinical significance 9 Nernst Potential ⭐⭐ Definition → electrochemical equilibrium → factors affecting it → examples for K⁺/Na⁺ → significance in membrane potential 10 Strength-Duration Curve Definition → graph → rheobase & chronaxie → interpretation → clinical significance in nerve/muscle lesions

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