ICSE Class 8 - Quadrilaterals (Moderate to Difficult)

Section A: Moderate Level

Section B: Moderate-Difficult Level

Section C: Difficult Level

Answers to Numerical Questions:

Key Properties to Remember (ICSE Class 8)

• Sum of angles of any quadrilateral = 360°
• In a parallelogram: opposite sides equal, opposite angles equal, diagonals bisect each other
• In a rectangle: all angles = 90°, diagonals are equal
• In a rhombus: all sides equal, diagonals bisect at 90°
• In a square: all sides equal, all angles 90°, diagonals equal and bisect at 90°
• Midpoint theorem for trapezium: midsegment = ½(sum of parallel sides)

How to Present "Team CLOT - CLOTVIEW" in Front of Everyone

Before You Start: Preparation

• Know your content cold. Don't read from the slides - the audience can read. You're there to explain, connect, and convince.
• Practice out loud at least 3-4 times before the actual presentation.
• Time yourself - aim for 1.5 to 2 minutes per slide = roughly 6-8 minutes total.
• Stand on the left side of the screen (from the audience's view) so you don't block the slides.

Slide 1 - Title Slide: CLOTVIEW

"Good morning/afternoon everyone. My name is [Your Name], and I'm presenting on behalf of Team CLOT. Our project is called CLOTVIEW - a real-time blood clot detection system for limbs. It combines two technologies - Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultrasound - to detect dangerous blood clots non-invasively, right at the bedside, without any surgery or specialist lab. Let me walk you through the problem we're solving, and how CLOTVIEW solves it."

• Smile, make eye contact with the audience, don't rush.
• Say the full project title clearly and slowly - it's technical, so give people time to absorb it.
• The phrase "non-invasive, bedside visualization" - explain it simply: "That means no needles, no hospital machinery, done right where the patient is lying."

Slide 2 - Problem Statement

"So why does CLOTVIEW need to exist?

Today, if a doctor suspects a blood clot in your arm or leg, they send you for a Doppler ultrasound or MRI. These are expensive, slow, and require a specialist. Most hospitals in tier-2 and tier-3 cities don't even have these facilities.

On top of that - early-stage clots are silent. They cause no pain, no swelling - nothing obvious. And that's the deadliest part.

A blood clot undetected for even a few hours can break loose, travel to your lungs, and cause a pulmonary embolism - which can kill within minutes.

Right now, there is no affordable, portable, point-of-care device that gives you a visual confirmation of a clot at the bedside. That gap is what CLOTVIEW fills."

• Pause after saying "can kill within minutes" - let it sink in. This creates emotional impact.
• Use your hands to gesture - for example, gesture outward when saying "Doppler, MRI" to show they are "far away" from the patient.
• Make eye contact across the whole room, not just one person.
• Speak slower on the statistics/facts, faster on transitions between points.

Slide 3 - Solution: CLOTVIEW

"So here's what we built - or what we're building - CLOTVIEW.

It's a portable wearable cuff - like a blood pressure cuff - that wraps around the patient's arm or leg. No special room needed. No specialist required.

It uses two sensors working together:

First - an Ultrasound Transducer. It sends sound waves into the limb and creates an image of the veins inside. If there's a clot, it shows up as a bright, hard, non-compressible block inside the vessel - you can literally see it.

Second - Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, or NIRS. It shines near-infrared light through the skin - completely harmless - and measures how much oxygen the tissue is getting. When a clot blocks a vein, the tissue downstream gets less oxygen. That shows up instantly.

On the display, you see both outputs side by side: the ultrasound vein image and an oxygen heatmap. Clot zones appear blue, healthy tissue appears green or red.

And on top of that - an AI model gives an instant probability score: Is this a clot or not? 90% confidence? 75%? The doctor sees a number, not just an image."

• When you say "cuff that wraps around the arm or leg," physically mime the action with your hands - people visualize it better.
• Say "blue = danger, green = healthy" clearly and slowly. Simple color coding is memorable.
• When mentioning the AI score, hold up a finger and say "one number - that's all the doctor needs to make a decision instantly."
• This slide has 3 parts (UST + NIRS + Display) - use your fingers: "First... Second... And third..." This shows structure and confidence.

Slide 4 - Thank You

"And that is CLOTVIEW - a faster, smarter, visual way to catch blood clots right at the bedside.

We believe this technology can save thousands of lives, especially in under-resourced settings where expensive imaging isn't available.

Thank you so much. I'm happy to take any questions."

• Don't just say "thank you" and freeze. End with a confident closing statement about impact.
• Step slightly forward when you say "I'm happy to take any questions" - it signals openness and confidence.
• Smile genuinely.

General Presentation Tips

Handling Questions (After the Presentation)

• "How is this different from a regular ultrasound machine?"
  • Say: "A regular ultrasound is a large, expensive machine that needs a trained sonographer. CLOTVIEW is portable, wearable, and gives dual confirmation through both ultrasound AND oxygen sensing - no specialist needed."
• "Is NIRS safe for patients?"
  • Say: "Yes, near-infrared light is completely non-ionizing and harmless. It's the same principle used in pulse oximeters, which patients wear on their fingers every day."
• "What's the accuracy of the AI?"
  • Be honest: "We are currently in the design and prototype phase. The AI model will be trained on clinical data, and we aim for a sensitivity above 90%."

CLOTVIEW - Complete A to Z Presentation Guide

How to Present Like a Pro

PART 1: MINDSET BEFORE YOU EVEN OPEN YOUR MOUTH

You are not just presenting a project. You are pitching an idea that can save lives.

1. Clarity - they know exactly what they want the audience to understand
2. Conviction - they believe in what they're saying
3. Connection - they make the audience feel something

PART 2: DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR TOPIC (Know These Facts Cold)

About the Problem (DVT / Blood Clots):

• Up to 900,000 people in the United States alone are affected by blood clots (VTE) every single year - CDC data
• 60,000 to 100,000 Americans die from VTE every year
• A blood clot in the legs is called Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
• When that clot breaks free and travels to the lungs, it's called Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - this can kill within minutes
• 1 in 5 cancer patients develops a VTE
• PE is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related death
• Early-stage DVT is completely silent - no pain, no swelling, no warning signs
• Doppler ultrasound and MRI are the current gold standard but are expensive, slow, and specialist-dependent
• In rural India and developing countries, access to these machines is extremely limited

About Your Technology:

• NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) uses light wavelengths between 700-900 nm - completely safe, non-ionizing
• The same principle is used in pulse oximeters that hospitals use every day on patients' fingers
• When a clot blocks a vein, tissue downstream gets less oxygen - NIRS detects this drop instantly
• Ultrasound sends sound waves (not radiation) into the limb - a clot appears as a bright, hard, non-compressible mass inside the vessel
• The dual-mode approach (NIRS + Ultrasound together) gives two independent confirmations - reducing false positives dramatically
• Your AI model provides a probability score - turning complex sensor data into one simple number for doctors

PART 3: SLIDE-BY-SLIDE COMPLETE SCRIPT

SLIDE 1 - Title Slide

Body Language First:

• Walk to the front with purpose - don't shuffle, don't look at the ground
• Stand straight, feet shoulder-width apart
• Pause for 2-3 seconds before speaking - look at the audience, smile
• This silence builds anticipation

Full Script:

"Good [morning/afternoon], everyone.

My name is [Your Name], and on behalf of Team CLOT, I want to take the next few minutes to show you something that we believe can genuinely save lives.

Our project is called CLOTVIEW.

CLOTVIEW is a portable, wearable device that detects blood clots in the arms and legs in real time - without any needles, without any specialist, and without sending a patient to a lab.

It combines two powerful sensing technologies - Ultrasound and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy - to give doctors an instant, visual, dual-confirmed answer: Is there a clot here or not?

Let me start by explaining why this problem is more urgent than most people realize."

Pro Techniques on Slide 1:

• Don't point at the screen on the title slide - point to yourself and your team
• Say the project name slowly and clearly: "CLOT - VIEW"
• The phrase "without any needles, without any specialist" - hold up fingers as you list each point. It creates rhythm
• End with a "hook sentence" that pulls them to the next slide - "Let me explain why this is more urgent than most people realize"

SLIDE 2 - Problem Statement

This is Your Most Important Slide. Treat it like a news anchor breaking a major story.

Full Script:

"Every year, up to 900,000 people in the United States alone are affected by blood clots in their veins. Globally, the numbers are in the millions.

These clots - called Deep Vein Thrombosis, or DVT - form silently in the deep veins of the legs or arms. No pain. No visible swelling. No warning.

And here's the terrifying part - if that clot breaks free and travels to the lungs, it becomes a Pulmonary Embolism. That can kill a person within minutes. Not hours. Minutes.

So how do we currently detect these clots?

We rely on Doppler ultrasound machines, MRI scanners, and D-dimer blood tests. These are the current gold standard. But they come with serious problems:

• They are expensive - out of reach for millions of patients in rural and low-income settings
• They are slow - by the time the test is ordered, performed, and read by a specialist, hours have passed
• They require trained specialists - radiologists, sonographers, vascular surgeons. Not every hospital has these people on call

And perhaps most dangerously - early-stage clots are completely silent. They cause no symptoms. So even if a doctor suspects a clot, there's no quick bedside tool to confirm it visually.

The result? Delayed diagnosis. Missed cases. Preventable deaths.

Right now, in 2025, there is no affordable, portable, point-of-care device that can visually confirm a blood clot at the bedside in real time.

That gap is exactly what CLOTVIEW fills."

Pro Techniques on Slide 2:

• Pause dramatically after "Minutes. Not hours. Minutes." - let it land. Count 2 seconds in your head before moving on
• When you say "No pain. No visible swelling. No warning." - say each phrase slowly with a small pause between them. It creates weight
• Use your fingers to count the problems: "First - expensive. Second - slow. Third - requires specialists." - numbered lists sound organized and confident
• Lower your voice slightly when you say "Preventable deaths" - a quieter, slower voice actually carries more impact than shouting
• Make eye contact with different people in the room as you list each problem - not just one spot

SLIDE 3 - Solution: CLOTVIEW

Energy shift here. Go from serious/urgent to confident/excited. You are revealing the answer.

Full Script:

"So here's what Team CLOT has designed - CLOTVIEW.

Imagine a cuff. Like the kind that wraps around your arm when your blood pressure is taken. CLOTVIEW works the same way - it wraps around the patient's arm or leg, right at the bedside. No special room. No heavy equipment. No waiting.

Inside this cuff, two technologies work together simultaneously:

Technology 1 - Ultrasound Transducer (UST): The cuff sends high-frequency sound waves into the limb. These waves travel through the skin and muscle and bounce back from the blood vessels inside. The device builds a real-time image of the veins. If there's a clot, it appears on screen as a bright, hard, non-compressible block sitting inside the vessel. The vein walls collapse normally when compressed - but a clot-filled vein does NOT compress. That's your visual confirmation.

Technology 2 - Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): Simultaneously, the cuff shines near-infrared light - wavelengths between 700 and 900 nanometers - through the skin. This light is completely harmless. It's the same technology used in the pulse oximeter clipped to a patient's finger in every ICU. This light measures the oxygen saturation of tissue downstream of where the cuff is placed. When a clot is blocking a vein, the tissue below it receives less oxygen. That drop in oxygen shows up instantly on the NIRS sensor.

The Output - What the Doctor Sees: On the screen, the doctor sees two things side by side:

• The ultrasound vein image showing the physical structure
• The NIRS oxygen heatmap showing tissue health

Areas with a clot appear blue - indicating low oxygen, blocked flow. Healthy tissue appears green and red - indicating normal oxygen, normal flow.

And on top of both readings, our AI model analyzes everything and gives an instant probability score - for example, '87% probability of DVT in the left femoral vein.'

One number. One screen. One decision. No specialist required.

This is dual-confirmed, AI-assisted, bedside clot detection. This is CLOTVIEW."

Pro Techniques on Slide 3:

• When you say "Imagine a cuff" - physically mime putting a cuff on your own arm. This makes the audience visualize it instantly
• When explaining NIRS, hold up one finger and say "Think about the pulse oximeter on your finger in a hospital - same principle, but now on your entire limb." Connecting new technology to something familiar is extremely powerful
• For the output description, slow down when saying "Blue means clot. Green and red means healthy." Simple color coding - say it like you're teaching a 10-year-old. Clarity beats complexity
• When you say "One number. One screen. One decision." - pause between each phrase. This is your punchline moment
• Say "This is CLOTVIEW" with full confidence, chin up, direct eye contact

SLIDE 4 - Thank You / Closing

Don't waste this slide. Use it to land your message permanently in people's minds.

Full Script:

"So let me bring it all together.

Today, millions of people walk around with silent blood clots they don't know about. The tools to detect them exist, but they're slow, expensive, and out of reach for most of the world.

CLOTVIEW changes that. A portable cuff. Two technologies. One AI-powered result. In real time. At the bedside.

We believe this device can be the difference between a clot caught early - and a family that never gets a call they weren't expecting.

Thank you. We are Team CLOT. And we would love to hear your questions."

Pro Techniques on Slide 4:

• The line "a family that never gets a call they weren't expecting" is emotional - say it slowly, with sincerity. This is what makes people remember you
• Step slightly forward when you say "Thank you" - it signals you're open and confident
• Smile genuinely - not a forced grin, a real one. You just finished presenting something you built. Be proud
• Do NOT look at your phone, notes, or the screen at this point. Full eye contact with the audience

PART 4: BODY LANGUAGE MASTERCLASS

PART 5: VOICE CONTROL

• Speed: Talk at 60-70% of your normal conversational speed. Nervous speakers rush. Confident speakers pause.
• Volume: Loud enough that the person at the back can hear without straining. Test this before you present.
• Pitch variation: Don't speak in a flat monotone. Go higher when excited ("This is CLOTVIEW!"), lower when serious ("A clot can kill within minutes.")
• Silence: A 2-second pause after a powerful statement is 10x more effective than filling it with "um" or "so"
• The 3-second rule: After clicking to a new slide, look at the audience for 3 seconds before saying anything. This builds anticipation and gives people time to read the slide.

PART 6: HOW TO HANDLE Q&A LIKE A PRO

Questions You Will Likely Get:

"Great question. A regular ultrasound machine costs $20,000-$50,000, requires a trained sonographer to operate, and produces images that need a radiologist to interpret. CLOTVIEW is a wearable cuff that any nurse or paramedic can use, and the AI gives an instant probability score - no interpretation needed. Plus, the NIRS component adds a second layer of confirmation that standard ultrasound doesn't have."

"Absolutely. Near-infrared light is completely non-ionizing - it carries no radiation. It's the same technology used in pulse oximeters, which billions of patients have worn safely. There are no known risks at the wavelengths and intensities used."

"We are currently in the research and prototype design phase. Based on published literature on dual-mode NIRS and ultrasound for DVT detection, sensitivity rates above 90% are achievable. We plan to train and validate our AI model on clinical datasets before deployment."

"Our design goal is to bring this to market at a fraction of the cost of existing imaging - accessible to rural hospitals and emergency units in developing countries. The components - NIRS sensors and small ultrasound transducers - are available at low cost at scale."

Be honest: "We are currently at the conceptual design and feasibility stage. The next step is building a bench prototype and validating the sensor fusion approach in a lab setting."

The Golden Rule for Q&A:

PART 7: THE DAY-OF CHECKLIST

Morning Before:

• Practice the full presentation OUT LOUD one more time - not in your head
• Time yourself - aim for 6-8 minutes
• Eat well, hydrate, sleep enough
• Wear clothes you feel confident in - neat, professional

Before You Go On:

• Check the slides are loading correctly on the screen
• Test the clicker/pointer if you're using one
• Know where to stand so you don't block the screen
• Take 3 slow, deep breaths before walking up

The Secret Trick for Nerves:

PART 8: OPENING AND CLOSING HOOKS (Choose One)

Powerful Opening Lines (Pick One):

1. "Every 37 seconds, someone in the world dies from a blood clot. Most of those deaths were preventable. Today I want to show you how."
2. "Imagine you have a ticking time bomb in your leg - and you have no idea it's there. That's exactly what a silent blood clot is. CLOTVIEW is the device that finds it."
3. "What if detecting a life-threatening blood clot was as simple as putting on a blood pressure cuff? That's what we built."

Powerful Closing Lines (Pick One):

1. "CLOTVIEW doesn't just detect blood clots. It buys people time. And sometimes, time is the only thing that stands between life and death."
2. "We started this project because we asked a simple question: why does catching a clot require a $50,000 machine and a specialist? It shouldn't. CLOTVIEW is our answer."
3. "One cuff. Two sensors. One AI decision. Zero needles. This is the future of bedside diagnostics. This is CLOTVIEW."

SUMMARY: THE PRO PRESENTER FORMULA

Strong opening hook
    ↓
Real-world statistics (make them feel the problem)
    ↓
Clear, simple explanation of technology (use analogies)
    ↓
Visual language (paint pictures with words)
    ↓
Confident, emotional closing
    ↓
Calm, prepared Q&A

CLOTVIEW - COMPLETE PRESENTATION SCRIPT

Word-for-Word | Slide by Slide | Professional Level

HOW TO USE THIS SCRIPT:

• Read it out loud 5 times before your presentation
• The parts in [brackets like this] are stage directions - don't say them out loud, just do them
• Bold words = say them with extra emphasis
• "..." = pause for 1-2 seconds

ENTERING THE ROOM

SLIDE 1 - TITLE SLIDE

"Good [morning / afternoon], everyone.

My name is [Your Name]... and together with my team - Team CLOT - I want to take the next few minutes to show you something we genuinely believe can save lives.

The project is called... CLOTVIEW.

CLOTVIEW is a portable, wearable device that detects dangerous blood clots in the arms and legs - in real time - without any needles, without sending the patient to a lab, and without needing a specialist in the room.

It does this by combining two powerful sensing technologies working together simultaneously - Ultrasound and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy - and feeding both signals into an AI model that gives an instant result at the bedside.

But before I explain how CLOTVIEW works... I want to start by explaining why it needs to exist.

SLIDE 2 - PROBLEM STATEMENT

"Let me give you a number.

Nine hundred thousand.

That is how many people are affected by blood clots in their veins every single year... in the United States alone. Globally, the number runs into the tens of millions.

These blood clots - medically called Deep Vein Thrombosis, or DVT - form silently inside the deep veins of the leg or arm. And I want you to understand what the word silently means here.

No pain. No visible swelling. No warning signs whatsoever.

The person walking around with a clot in their leg... has no idea it is there.

Now here is where it becomes life-threatening.

If that clot - sitting quietly in the leg vein - if it breaks free... it travels through the bloodstream... up through the heart... and into the lungs. When it reaches the lungs, it blocks blood flow to a vital organ. This is called a Pulmonary Embolism.

And a Pulmonary Embolism can kill a person within minutes.

Not hours. Minutes.

In fact - between 60,000 and 100,000 Americans die from blood clots every single year. Pulmonary Embolism is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related death. One in every five cancer patients develops a dangerous blood clot.

So now the question is - how do we currently detect these clots before it's too late?

Right now, the standard methods are: Doppler Ultrasound machines... MRI scanners... and D-dimer blood tests.

These are the medical gold standard. And they work. But they come with three serious problems.

Problem One - They are expensive. A Doppler Ultrasound machine costs tens of thousands of dollars. An MRI costs even more. For a patient in a rural village, or in a developing country's district hospital - these machines simply do not exist.

Problem Two - They are slow. From the moment a doctor suspects a clot, to the moment the patient gets an ultrasound done and a radiologist reads the report... hours can pass. And as we just established - in a clot emergency, hours can be the difference between life and death.

Problem Three - They require specialists. You need a trained sonographer to operate the machine. You need a radiologist to read the images. You need a vascular surgeon on call. Not every hospital has all three of these people available at two in the morning.

And perhaps most dangerously of all - because early-stage clots show zero symptoms... even a doctor who suspects a problem has no quick tool to visually confirm it right there at the bedside.

The result?

Delayed diagnosis. Missed cases. And preventable deaths.

As of today, in 2025 - there is no affordable, portable, point-of-care device that can visually confirm a blood clot at the patient's bedside, in real time, without a specialist.

That gap... is exactly what CLOTVIEW fills.

SLIDE 3 - SOLUTION

"So... let me tell you about CLOTVIEW.

Imagine a blood pressure cuff. The kind that wraps around your arm at a doctor's office. Everyone here has seen one, everyone has worn one.

CLOTVIEW works the same way. It is a portable wearable cuff that wraps around the patient's arm or leg - right there at the bedside, in the emergency room, in an ambulance, in a rural clinic - anywhere.

No special room. No heavy machinery. No waiting list.

Inside this cuff, two technologies operate at the same time:

Technology Number One - The Ultrasound Transducer.

The cuff sends high-frequency sound waves into the limb - through the skin, through the muscle, all the way to the blood vessels inside.

These sound waves bounce back and the device builds a real-time image of the veins on screen - just like a regular ultrasound, but miniaturized into a wearable cuff.

Now - here is how a clot shows up on this image. When a vein is healthy and clear, if you press on it gently, it compresses - it flattens. But when a vein has a clot inside it, it does not compress. It stays hard and round. That non-compressibility is the classic ultrasound signature of a blood clot.

On our screen, the clot appears as a bright, solid, non-compressible block sitting inside the vessel wall. You can see it. Visually. Instantly.

Technology Number Two - Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, or NIRS.

At the same time, the cuff shines near-infrared light through the skin - at wavelengths between 700 and 900 nanometers. This light is completely harmless - it carries no radiation, it causes no heat, it has no side effects.

Now - you might be asking, where have we seen this technology before?

Think about the pulse oximeter - that small device clipped to a patient's finger in every hospital, every ICU, every ambulance. It shines light through the fingertip to measure blood oxygen levels. That is the exact same principle - just applied to an entire limb.

Here is what NIRS measures: the oxygen saturation of the tissue downstream of the cuff.

When a blood clot is blocking a vein, blood flow is restricted. Less blood reaches the tissue below the clot. Less blood means less oxygen. And that drop in oxygen saturation - NIRS detects it immediately.

So while the ultrasound is showing us the physical clot... the NIRS is showing us the physiological effect of that clot on the surrounding tissue. Two different signals. Two independent confirmations. One definitive answer.

Now let me tell you what the doctor actually sees on the screen.

On the left side of the display - the ultrasound vein image. The physical structure of the blood vessel in real time.

On the right side - the NIRS oxygen heatmap. A color-coded map of the tissue.

Areas where a clot is blocking flow appear blue - indicating low oxygen, compromised circulation.

Healthy tissue with normal blood flow appears green and red - indicating normal oxygen, everything working correctly.

And sitting above both images - our AI model is analyzing every data point in real time.

The AI takes the ultrasound image data, the NIRS oxygen readings, and the relationship between them - and it generates an instant probability score.

For example: "87% probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis in the left femoral vein."

The doctor doesn't need to interpret a complicated image. The doctor doesn't need to call a radiologist. They see one number. They make one decision. Treatment begins immediately.

One cuff. Two sensors. One AI-powered result. Zero needles. Zero specialists. Zero delay.

This is CLOTVIEW.

SLIDE 4 - THANK YOU / CLOSING

"Let me bring everything together before I close.

Today, millions of people around the world are walking around with silent blood clots they have absolutely no idea about. The technology to detect these clots does exist - but it is slow, expensive, and inaccessible to the majority of the world's population.

CLOTVIEW is our answer to that problem.

A portable wearable cuff. Ultrasound for physical visualization. NIRS for physiological confirmation. An AI model for an instant, clear result.

Designed to work in any setting - emergency rooms, rural clinics, ambulances, ICUs. Operated by any trained healthcare worker - not just specialists. Delivering results in real time - not hours later.

We started this project with a simple question:

Why does catching a life-threatening blood clot require a $50,000 machine, three different specialists, and two hours of waiting?

It shouldn't.

Because a blood clot undetected for even a few hours... can travel to the lungs... and take a life that didn't need to be lost.

CLOTVIEW is the device that catches it first.

Thank you so much for your time and attention.

We are Team CLOT.

And we are happy to answer any questions you have."

Q&A SCRIPT - Word-for-Word Answers

"That's a great question. A hospital ultrasound machine typically costs between twenty and fifty thousand dollars, requires a trained sonographer to operate, and the images need to be read by a radiologist. The entire process can take hours.

CLOTVIEW is fundamentally different in three ways. First, it is portable and wearable - it can be used anywhere, by any trained nurse or paramedic. Second, it adds a second confirmation layer through NIRS - which standard ultrasound does not have. And third, the AI model removes the need for expert image interpretation entirely. The result is instant, the operator doesn't need specialist training, and the cost is designed to be a fraction of existing solutions."

"Absolutely, yes. Near-infrared light at 700 to 900 nanometers is completely non-ionizing - meaning it carries no radiation and causes no biological damage. It's the same light-based technology used in the pulse oximeter that patients wear on their fingers in every hospital in the world. Billions of people have used NIRS-based devices safely. There are no known health risks at the wavelengths and intensities used in CLOTVIEW."

"We are currently in the research and design phase of the project. Based on published clinical literature on combined ultrasound and NIRS approaches for DVT detection, sensitivity rates exceeding 90% are achievable with a well-trained model. Our plan is to train the AI on validated clinical datasets and test it rigorously against gold-standard Doppler ultrasound results before any real-world deployment."

"Currently, we are at the conceptual design and feasibility stage. We have defined the architecture - the sensor types, the dual-mode fusion approach, and the AI output format. The next phase involves building a bench prototype to physically test and validate the sensor integration. We have a clear roadmap to get from design to prototype to clinical validation."

"Our design philosophy is affordability-first. The core components - miniaturized ultrasound transducers and NIR light sensors - are commercially available at low cost at scale. Our target is to bring CLOTVIEW to market at a price accessible to district hospitals, rural clinics, and first-responder units in developing countries - where the need is greatest and current diagnostic tools are out of reach."

"That is a really specific and insightful question. I want to give you an accurate answer rather than speculate. Let me look into that and follow up with you - I'd rather be precise than guess on something this important."

FINAL REMINDERS - THE PRO'S CHECKLIST

• Slow down by 30% from your normal speed
• Pause after every major statement
• Emphasize bold words with a slightly louder, firmer tone
• Lower your voice when saying something grave ("can kill within minutes")
• Raise your energy when revealing the solution

• Feet shoulder-width apart at all times - no swaying
• Hands at waist level - use them to gesture naturally
• When listing points - count on your fingers visibly
• When explaining the device - mime the cuff on your arm
• Make eye contact with different sections of the room every 15-20 seconds
• Take one step forward at your most powerful moments

• You are not a student nervously presenting a school project
• You are an inventor explaining a device that can save lives
• The audience wants you to succeed - they are not your enemy
• If you lose your place - pause, breathe, continue. Never apologize for pausing

YOUR PERSONALIZED INTRODUCTION SCRIPT

THE INTRO - Word for Word

"Good [morning / afternoon], everyone.

I am Pujitha...

...along with my teammates - together we are Team CLOT - and we are final year students of physiotherapy from R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

As physiotherapy students, we spend every single day studying how the human body moves, how blood flows, how muscles and vessels work together - and how things go wrong when they don't.

And it was that clinical understanding - that deep knowledge of the body's vascular system - that led us to a problem that we felt needed to be solved.

Because in physiotherapy, we regularly work with patients who are at high risk for blood clots - post-surgical patients, immobilized patients, stroke patients. And we have seen firsthand how a missed clot can undo everything - all the recovery, all the rehabilitation - in a matter of minutes.

That is why Team CLOT exists. And that is why we built CLOTVIEW.

Let me start by explaining the problem we set out to solve."

WHY THIS INTRO WORKS SO WELL

IF YOU WANT A SHORTER, SNAPPIER VERSION:

"Good [morning/afternoon] everyone.

I'm Pujitha, and with me are my teammates from Team CLOT - all of us final year physiotherapy students at R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

As physiotherapy students, we work closely with patients who are at high risk of blood clots every single day. And we noticed a problem that no existing device was solving.

So we decided to build one.

This is CLOTVIEW."

IF THERE ARE MULTIPLE TEAM MEMBERS PRESENTING:

"Good [morning/afternoon] everyone.

I'm Pujitha... [gesture to teammates] ...and these are my teammates - [Name 1], [Name 2], and [Name 3].

Together, we are Team CLOT - final year students of physiotherapy from R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy, Kolar.

Physiotherapy gave us the clinical lens to see this problem. Innovation gave us the drive to solve it.

And today, we're presenting that solution - CLOTVIEW."

CLOTVIEW — COMPLETE FULL-LENGTH PRESENTATION SCRIPT

By Pujitha | Team CLOT | Final Year Physiotherapy | R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy

Word-for-Word | Slide by Slide | Beginning to End

HOW TO READ THIS SCRIPT:

• Everything in [square brackets] = stage directions. Do them, don't say them.
• Bold text = say with stronger emphasis
• "..." = pause for 1-2 seconds
• Long pause = pause for 3 full seconds
• Practice out loud minimum 5 times before the day

BEFORE YOU SPEAK — ENTERING THE ROOM

SLIDE 1 — TITLE SLIDE | INTRODUCTION

"Good [morning / afternoon], everyone.

My name is Pujitha...

...and standing with me today are my teammates — together, we are proudly presenting as Team CLOT.

All of us are final year students of physiotherapy at R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy — and today, we are here to present a project that did not come from a textbook.

It came from our clinical experience. It came from the wards. It came from watching patients. It came from asking a question that we could not stop thinking about.

As physiotherapy students, we spend every single day studying the human body — how it moves, how blood flows through vessels, how muscles recover after injury, and how systems break down when something goes wrong.

We work with post-surgical patients who are bedridden for days. We work with stroke patients who cannot move their limbs. We work with trauma patients whose veins are under enormous stress. And these are exactly the patients who are at the highest risk of developing dangerous blood clots.

And over and over again — in clinical placements, in hospital rotations, in case studies — we kept encountering the same devastating scenario.

A patient who was recovering well. A patient who was making progress. A patient whose rehabilitation was going exactly as planned.

And then — without any warning, without any symptoms — a blood clot that no one detected in time... changed everything.

That is the moment that drives this project.

That is why Team CLOT exists.

And that is why we designed CLOTVIEW.

CLOTVIEW is a portable, wearable, non-invasive device that detects dangerous blood clots in the arms and legs — in real time — at the bedside — without needles, without specialist equipment, and without sending the patient anywhere.

It combines Ultrasound sensing and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy — two powerful clinical technologies — working simultaneously inside a single wearable cuff — and delivers an instant, AI-powered result directly to the healthcare provider.

Before I explain how CLOTVIEW works, I want to take a few minutes to make sure everyone in this room truly understands the problem it is solving.

Because once you understand the scale and urgency of this problem... CLOTVIEW will make complete sense.

SLIDE 2 — PROBLEM STATEMENT

"Let me give you a number.

Nine... hundred... thousand.

That is the number of people affected by dangerous blood clots in their veins — every single year — in the United States alone.

Globally — the number runs into the tens of millions.

These blood clots are medically called VTE — Venous Thromboembolism. And within that category, the most common and most dangerous form is called DVT — Deep Vein Thrombosis.

DVT means a clot has formed inside one of the deep veins of the body — most commonly in the legs, sometimes in the arms. Deep veins that carry blood back toward the heart.

Now — I want you to understand something critical about DVT.

These clots are completely silent.

No pain.

No visible swelling.

No fever. No redness. No warning sign of any kind.

The person sitting next to you right now could have a clot forming in their leg vein... and they would feel absolutely nothing.

That silence — that invisibility — is precisely what makes DVT so deadly.

Because here is what happens next.

That clot — sitting quietly, silently in the leg — can at any moment break away from the vessel wall. It enters the bloodstream. It travels upward. Through the femoral vein. Through the inferior vena cava. Into the right side of the heart.

And then it reaches the lungs.

When a clot lodges in the pulmonary artery — the main vessel supplying blood to the lungs — it blocks oxygen exchange. The lungs cannot function. The heart begins to fail under the pressure.

This is called a Pulmonary Embolism — and it is one of the most sudden, most catastrophic medical emergencies in existence.

A Pulmonary Embolism can kill a person...

...within minutes.

Not hours. Not days. Minutes.

Between 60,000 and 100,000 people die from blood clots in America every year. Pulmonary Embolism is listed as one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related death worldwide. One in every five cancer patients develops a life-threatening blood clot.

And from where we stand — as physiotherapy students working with post-surgical and immobilized patients — this is not an abstract statistic. This is a clinical reality we encounter.

So — the natural question is: with all of modern medicine's advances... how are we currently detecting these clots?

The current gold standard methods are three:

Number one — Doppler Ultrasound. A trained sonographer moves a probe over the patient's limb. The machine produces a vein image. A radiologist reads the image. A report is generated. The doctor reviews it. Then a decision is made.

Number two — MRI Scanning. The patient is moved to the MRI suite. They lie inside a large, loud machine. The scan takes time. A radiologist interprets the findings. The results are sent back.

Number three — D-dimer Blood Test. A blood sample is drawn. It is sent to the lab. It measures a protein fragment released by clot breakdown. The result comes back — sometimes elevated for reasons entirely unrelated to a clot. It is useful, but it is not definitive. It cannot tell you where the clot is or how large it is.

These are the tools we have. And they are the best we have. But every single one of them carries the same three critical flaws — and together, those flaws cost lives.

Flaw Number One: They are expensive.

A Doppler Ultrasound machine costs upward of twenty to fifty thousand dollars. An MRI suite costs hundreds of thousands to install and maintain. For a government district hospital. For a rural health center. For a first-responder vehicle. For a clinic in a small town in Karnataka, or Bihar, or any developing country — these machines are simply not available.

Access to life-saving diagnostics should not depend on a patient's geography or their economic status. But right now — it does.

Flaw Number Two: They are slow.

From the moment a doctor suspects a blood clot, to the moment the patient is wheeled to imaging, the scan is performed, the images are read by a specialist, and a treatment decision is made — hours can pass.

We just established that a Pulmonary Embolism can kill within minutes.

Do you see the problem?

Flaw Number Three: They require trained specialists.

You need a sonographer. You need a radiologist. You need a vascular specialist ideally on site. At two o'clock in the morning. In an emergency. In a hospital where these specialists are not always available.

A junior nurse. A general practitioner in a rural setting. A physiotherapist doing a bedside assessment. These trained healthcare workers — who are often the first person to suspect something is wrong with a patient — have no tool to visually confirm a clot on the spot.

And here is the most dangerous consequence of all three of these flaws combined:

Because early-stage DVT has no symptoms... and because the confirmation tools are slow, expensive, and specialist-dependent...

Clots go undetected.

Patients go untreated.

And some of those patients... do not survive.

As of today — in 2025 — there is no affordable, portable, point-of-care device that can give a healthcare worker a visual, real-time confirmation of a blood clot at the patient's bedside, without a specialist, without heavy machinery, and without delay.

That gap in medicine is what CLOTVIEW was designed to close.

SLIDE 3 — SOLUTION: CLOTVIEW

"So. Let me tell you about CLOTVIEW.

I want you to picture something very familiar.

Picture the blood pressure cuff. The one that wraps around your upper arm at your doctor's office. It is simple. It is comfortable. Anyone can put it on. Any healthcare worker can operate it. There is nothing intimidating about it.

CLOTVIEW looks like that.

It is a portable wearable cuff that wraps around the patient's arm or leg — right there at the bedside. No moving the patient. No special room. No setup procedure. No waiting.

But inside that simple-looking cuff — two of the most powerful non-invasive sensing technologies in medicine are working together, simultaneously, in real time.

Let me explain each one.

Technology One — The Ultrasound Transducer.

The cuff contains a miniaturized ultrasound transducer — a sensor that emits high-frequency sound waves into the limb. These sound waves are completely harmless. They travel through the skin, through the fat and muscle, and all the way to the blood vessels inside.

These waves bounce back off the vessel walls and internal structures, and the device reconstructs a real-time image of the veins on the display screen.

Now — here is how a blood clot appears on this image. And I want you to understand this clearly, because it is elegant in its simplicity.

When a healthy vein is gently compressed — it collapses. It flattens. The vessel walls touch each other. This is normal. This is what healthy veins do.

But when a vein contains a blood clot — when that clot is packed inside the vessel — the vein does not compress. No matter how much gentle pressure you apply, the walls cannot meet. The vessel stays round, hard, and rigid.

That non-compressibility — that inability to flatten — is the classical ultrasound signature of a blood clot.

On the CLOTVIEW screen, this appears as a bright, solid, non-compressible mass sitting inside the vessel lumen.

You don't need a radiologist to interpret it. You can see it. Clearly. Immediately.

Technology Two — Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, or NIRS.

Simultaneously — at the exact same moment the ultrasound is imaging the vessel — the cuff is also shining near-infrared light through the skin.

Near-infrared light operates at wavelengths between 700 and 900 nanometers. It is invisible to the naked eye. It is completely non-ionizing — meaning it carries absolutely no radiation. It generates no heat. It has no side effects. It is entirely safe for any patient, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly.

Now — I want to connect this to something every single person in this room already knows.

Think about the pulse oximeter — that small clip-like device placed on a patient's fingertip in every hospital, every ICU, every emergency room in the world. It shines light through the fingertip and measures how much oxygen is in the blood.

That is exactly the same principle as NIRS — just applied on a much larger, more powerful scale across the entire limb.

Here is what NIRS measures in CLOTVIEW — and why it matters.

When a blood clot is blocking a vein, it restricts the flow of blood through that vessel. Blood that should be flowing freely downstream is now being held back.

Less blood flowing downstream means less oxygen reaching the tissue.

That tissue — starved of its normal oxygen supply — shows a measurable, quantifiable drop in oxygen saturation.

And NIRS detects that drop the moment it begins to occur — in real time, continuously, with no delay.

So think about what we have now.

The ultrasound is showing us the physical structure — the clot itself, sitting inside the vessel.

The NIRS is showing us the physiological consequence — the tissue downstream being deprived of oxygen because of that clot.

Two completely independent technologies. Two separate signals. Both pointing to the same conclusion.

That is dual confirmation. And dual confirmation is what separates CLOTVIEW from every existing bedside approach.

And now — the output. What does the doctor actually see?

The CLOTVIEW display shows two panels side by side.

On the left panel — the ultrasound image. The real-time visualization of the vein. The vessel wall. The lumen. And if a clot is present — that bright, hard, non-compressible mass sitting inside it.

On the right panel — the NIRS oxygen heatmap. A color-coded visual map of the tissue surrounding the vessel.

The color coding is beautifully simple:

Tissue showing low oxygen — restricted flow — clot presence — appears BLUE on the heatmap.

Tissue showing normal oxygen — healthy flow — no obstruction — appears GREEN and RED.

So even without reading the numbers — a nurse, a junior doctor, a physiotherapist, a paramedic in an ambulance — can look at that screen and immediately understand:

Blue means danger. Green and red means clear.

And above both panels — sitting at the top of the screen — our Artificial Intelligence model is processing every data point in real time.

The AI has been trained to analyze the ultrasound image features, the NIRS oxygen saturation readings, the pattern of how they relate to each other — and it generates one single output:

An instant probability score.

For example — the screen might display:

"Probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis in the left popliteal vein — 89%. Immediate clinical review recommended."

Or —

"No significant obstruction detected. Tissue oxygenation within normal range — DVT unlikely."

The doctor does not need to interpret a complex image. The nurse does not need to call a radiologist at midnight. The paramedic in the field does not need to wait for lab results.

They see one number. They make one decision. Treatment begins immediately.

One cuff.

Two sensors working simultaneously.

One AI-powered result in real time.

Zero needles. Zero radiation. Zero specialist required. Zero delay.

Portable enough to use in a rural clinic in a village with no imaging center. Simple enough to be operated by any trained healthcare worker. Fast enough to catch a clot before it becomes a catastrophe.

This... is CLOTVIEW.

SLIDE 4 — THANK YOU / CLOSING

"Before I close — let me bring everything together one final time.

We started this project as physiotherapy students — not engineers, not radiologists, not biomedical researchers. We started it as clinicians-in-training who had seen what happens when a blood clot goes undetected.

We had seen patients who were recovering beautifully from surgery — and then were lost to a clot no one caught in time.

We had read about the millions of people globally who develop DVT every year, silently, without symptoms, without any warning.

And we kept asking the same question — the question that nobody seemed to have a satisfying answer to:

Why does catching a life-threatening blood clot require a fifty-thousand-dollar machine, three different specialists, and two hours of waiting?

It should not.

Not when a person's life can change in minutes. Not when a clot that could have been caught at the bedside at six in the morning... instead reaches the lungs at eight. Not when the technology to detect it non-invasively already exists — and simply needs to be brought together, made portable, made accessible, and placed in the hands of every healthcare worker who needs it.

CLOTVIEW is our answer to that question.

A wearable cuff that any trained healthcare worker can use. Ultrasound for visual physical confirmation. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for physiological oxygen confirmation. An AI model that turns complex dual-sensor data into one instant, clear, actionable result.

Designed to work in any setting — from a tertiary hospital ICU to a first-responder ambulance to a rural clinic in a district with no imaging center.

Built from our understanding of the body — as physiotherapy students who know vascular anatomy, who understand tissue oxygen physiology, who have seen the clinical consequences of delayed diagnosis.

We believe CLOTVIEW has the potential to change how blood clots are detected in emergency and resource-limited settings across the world.

We believe it can reach patients who currently have no access to the diagnostic tools that could save them.

And we believe — with the right support, the right development, and the right clinical validation — it can prevent deaths that should never have happened.

A blood clot that goes undetected for even a few hours... can travel to the lungs... and take a life that didn't need to be lost.

CLOTVIEW is the device that finds it first.

My name is Pujitha. These are my teammates — Team CLOT. We are final year students of physiotherapy from R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

And this is our project.

Thank you.

Q&A SECTION — FULL WORD-FOR-WORD ANSWERS

"That is a really important distinction to make — thank you for asking.

A standard hospital Doppler ultrasound machine is a large, expensive, stationary system that costs anywhere from twenty to fifty thousand dollars or more. It requires a trained sonographer to operate the probe and a radiologist to interpret the images. The results are not available immediately — they go through a reporting process. And critically — it only uses ultrasound. There is no second confirmation layer.

CLOTVIEW is different in three fundamental ways.

First — it is portable and wearable. It comes to the patient, wherever the patient is. No transporting the patient to an imaging suite.

Second — it adds Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a simultaneous second sensing modality. This means every result is independently confirmed by two different physical measurements — drastically reducing false positives and false negatives.

Third — the AI model processes both signals and delivers an instant probability score. No specialist interpretation is required. A trained nurse, physiotherapist, or paramedic can operate CLOTVIEW and understand the result immediately.

So it is not trying to replace the hospital ultrasound machine for complex vascular imaging. It is designed to be the fast, accessible, first-line bedside screening tool that currently does not exist."

"Absolutely — and this is one of the most important safety features of the design.

Near-infrared light at 700 to 900 nanometers is completely non-ionizing. It carries no radiation. It causes no thermal damage. It has no cumulative biological effects at the intensities used in clinical devices.

In fact — this exact technology is already used billions of times every day in the form of the pulse oximeter. Every hospital in the world uses pulse oximetry. It is considered one of the safest monitoring technologies in existence. CLOTVIEW applies the same underlying principle — simply extended to measure tissue oxygen saturation across a larger area of a limb.

NIRS has been studied extensively in clinical research settings and has an excellent safety profile across all patient populations — including newborns, pregnant women, and critically ill patients."

"This is exactly the right question to ask — and I want to be transparent and honest with you rather than overstate our current stage.

CLOTVIEW is currently at the research design and conceptual feasibility stage. We have defined the architecture — the sensor types, the fusion approach, and the AI output format — based on a thorough review of published clinical literature.

Based on that literature — studies combining ultrasound and NIRS modalities for vascular assessment — sensitivity rates exceeding 90% for DVT detection are achievable with a well-designed and well-trained model.

Our next steps include building a bench prototype, collecting pilot data, and training the AI model on validated clinical datasets — benchmarking it against gold-standard Doppler ultrasound results. Only after rigorous validation would we consider any pathway to clinical deployment.

We are being deliberately careful about this — because accuracy in a medical diagnostic device is not something to claim without evidence. We are committed to building that evidence properly."

"We are currently at the conceptual design and technical feasibility stage — which means we have defined the complete architecture of the device, validated that the underlying technologies — ultrasound transducers and NIRS sensors — exist and are commercially available at the specifications we need, and mapped out the AI pipeline for dual-sensor data fusion.

The next phase is building a bench-level prototype — integrating the sensors into a cuff form factor, connecting them to a processing unit, and testing the raw sensor output in a controlled lab setting.

From there, we move to algorithm development, AI training, and ultimately clinical validation studies.

We have a clear roadmap. The design foundation is solid. And we are actively working toward the prototype phase."

"Affordability is a core design principle of CLOTVIEW — not an afterthought.

The whole reason this device needs to exist is that existing diagnostic tools are out of reach for the majority of the world's healthcare settings. So if we built CLOTVIEW and it ended up costing the same as a Doppler machine, we would have failed the mission entirely.

The components we are using — miniaturized ultrasound transducers and near-infrared LED-based sensors — are commercially available, mature technologies that cost very little at manufacturing scale. The AI runs on a low-power processor — similar to what is found in modern smartphones.

Our target is to bring CLOTVIEW to a price point accessible to district hospitals, rural health centers, and emergency response units in developing countries — where the clinical need is the greatest and the current diagnostic access is the most limited.

The exact cost will be determined through the prototype and manufacturing phase — but affordability is non-negotiable in our design brief."

"I love this question — because the answer is actually the heart of why this project is what it is.

Physiotherapists are not typically associated with diagnostic device design. But we are intimately associated with the patients who need this device most.

Post-surgical patients who are immobile for days. Stroke patients with compromised circulation. Trauma patients in prolonged bed rest. Patients undergoing intensive rehabilitation after orthopedic procedures. These are our patients every single day — and they are precisely the patients at highest risk for DVT.

We have the vascular anatomy knowledge. We understand tissue oxygen physiology. We have the clinical exposure to see how delayed DVT diagnosis derails a patient's entire recovery pathway.

That combination — clinical knowledge of the problem and the patient population — combined with the motivation of an engineering and innovation challenge — is exactly how CLOTVIEW was born.

Sometimes the best ideas come not from the people who build the tools — but from the people who need the tools."

"That is a really specific and insightful question — and I want to give you an accurate answer rather than speculate on something this important.

I would rather be honest about the boundary of my current knowledge than give you a figure or a claim I cannot back up. Let me research that properly and get back to you with a reliable answer — can I follow up with you after the session?"

CLOSING BODY LANGUAGE AFTER Q&A

"Thank you everyone — these were wonderful questions and we really appreciate the engagement. If anyone has further questions or would like to discuss CLOTVIEW in more detail, please feel free to come and speak with us directly. Thank you so much."

COMPLETE SCRIPT — TIMING GUIDE

ONE FINAL THING, PUJITHA

CLOTVIEW — COMPLETE PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATION SCRIPT

Pujitha | Team CLOT | Final Year | R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy

NOTES BEFORE YOU BEGIN:

• [Text in brackets] = actions to do, not say
• Bold = stress this word
• ... = pause 1-2 seconds
• (long pause) = pause 3 full seconds

SLIDE 1 — OPENING & INTRODUCTION

"As we know...

...blood is life.

It carries oxygen to every organ, every muscle, every cell in our body. And as long as blood flows freely — we live, we breathe, we move.

But what happens... when that blood — inside a vein — stops flowing?

What happens when it clots?

Good [morning / afternoon], everyone.

I am Pujitha... and alongside me are my teammates from Team CLOT — all of us proud final year students of physiotherapy at R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

As physiotherapy students, the human body is our subject, our classroom, and our responsibility. We study how it moves, how blood flows through vessels, how tissue recovers — and critically, how life-threatening complications arise when circulation is compromised.

And one complication kept appearing in our clinical studies, in our hospital rotations, in our case discussions — again and again.

A silent blood clot — forming deep inside a vein — with no pain, no warning, no visible signs — and the potential to travel to the lungs and kill a person within minutes.

And every time we encountered this scenario, we asked the same question:

Why is there no fast, affordable, portable device that can detect this clot — right at the bedside — before it becomes fatal?

We could not find a satisfying answer.

So we decided to build the solution ourselves.

Ladies and gentlemen — that solution is CLOTVIEW.

SLIDE 2 — PROBLEM STATEMENT

"To understand why CLOTVIEW matters — we first need to understand the scale of the problem it is solving.

Every year, up to 900,000 people in the United States alone are affected by a condition called Venous Thromboembolism — or VTE — a dangerous blood clot forming inside a vein.

Globally, the numbers run into the tens of millions.

The most common and most dangerous form of VTE is called Deep Vein Thrombosis — DVT — where a clot forms inside the deep veins of the leg or arm.

Now — the most frightening characteristic of DVT is this:

It is completely silent.

No pain.

No swelling.

No warning of any kind.

A person can have a clot forming in their leg vein right now... and feel absolutely nothing.

And here is where it turns fatal.

That clot — sitting silently in the leg — can at any moment break free from the vessel wall. It travels through the bloodstream, up through the heart... and into the lungs.

When it blocks the main blood supply to the lungs, it causes a Pulmonary Embolism — one of the most sudden and deadly medical emergencies known to medicine.

A Pulmonary Embolism can kill a person... within minutes.

Between 60,000 and 100,000 people die from blood clots every year in America alone. Pulmonary Embolism is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related death worldwide. 1 in every 5 cancer patients develops a life-threatening clot.

So how are we detecting these clots today?

The current methods are Doppler Ultrasound, MRI scanning, and D-dimer blood tests.

These are effective — but every single one of them suffers from three critical failures:

One — They are expensive. Doppler machines cost tens of thousands of dollars. MRI suites cost hundreds of thousands. For rural hospitals, district clinics, and developing-country health centers — these machines simply do not exist.

Two — They are slow. From suspicion of a clot to confirmed diagnosis — hours can pass. In a Pulmonary Embolism emergency, those hours can be fatal.

Three — They require specialists. A sonographer to operate. A radiologist to interpret. A vascular surgeon on call. Not every hospital has all three — especially not at two in the morning.

The result of these three failures — combined with the fact that DVT has zero symptoms — is that clots go undetected, patients go untreated, and lives are lost unnecessarily.

Today — in 2025 — there is no affordable, portable, point-of-care device that gives a healthcare worker a real-time visual confirmation of a blood clot at the patient's bedside — without a specialist, without heavy machinery, without delay.

That is the gap. And CLOTVIEW closes it.

SLIDE 3 — SOLUTION: CLOTVIEW

"CLOTVIEW is a portable, wearable, non-invasive dual-mode limb scanner.

Imagine a blood pressure cuff — the kind that wraps around your arm at a routine check-up. Simple. Comfortable. Familiar.

CLOTVIEW looks like that. It wraps around the patient's arm or leg, right at the bedside. No special room. No preparation. No waiting.

But inside this cuff — two powerful sensing technologies are operating simultaneously.

Technology One — Ultrasound Transducer.

The cuff emits high-frequency sound waves into the limb — through skin, through muscle, all the way to the blood vessels inside. These waves reflect back and produce a real-time image of the vein on the display screen.

A healthy vein, when gently compressed, collapses — the walls flatten together. But a vein with a clot inside it does not compress. It stays hard, round, and rigid.

That non-compressibility is the classic ultrasound signature of DVT — and on CLOTVIEW's screen, it appears as a bright, solid, non-compressible mass sitting inside the vessel.

You can see the clot. Visually. Instantly. At the bedside.

Technology Two — Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, or NIRS.

At the same time, the cuff shines near-infrared light — at wavelengths of 700 to 900 nanometers — through the skin. This light is completely harmless — non-ionizing, no radiation, no side effects.

You already know this technology. It is the exact principle used in a pulse oximeter — the device clipped to patients' fingers in every ICU and emergency room in the world. CLOTVIEW applies the same principle across the entire limb.

When a clot blocks a vein, blood flow downstream is restricted. Less blood means less oxygen reaching the tissue. NIRS measures that drop in tissue oxygen saturation instantly and continuously.

So — the ultrasound shows the physical clot inside the vessel. The NIRS shows the physiological damage that clot is causing to the surrounding tissue.

Two independent signals. Two independent confirmations. One definitive conclusion.

On the display screen — the doctor sees two panels side by side:

On the left — the ultrasound vein image in real time.

On the right — the NIRS oxygen heatmap — a color-coded map of tissue health.

Areas with a clot — low oxygen, blocked flow — appear BLUE.

Healthy tissue with normal circulation — appears GREEN and RED.

And above both panels — our AI model is processing every signal in real time and generates one single output:

An instant probability score.

For example: "89% probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis in the left popliteal vein — immediate review recommended."

The nurse does not need to call a radiologist.

The paramedic does not need to wait for lab results.

The physiotherapist at the bedside does not need specialist training to read the output.

They see one number. They make one decision. Treatment starts immediately.

One cuff. Two sensors. One AI result. Zero needles. Zero radiation. Zero delay.

Portable enough for a rural clinic. Simple enough for any trained healthcare worker. Fast enough to catch a clot before it reaches the lungs.

This is CLOTVIEW.

SLIDE 4 — CLOSING

"Let me close with why this project exists — in our own words.

We are physiotherapy students. We are not engineers by training. We are not radiologists or biomedical researchers.

But we are clinicians-in-training who work with the exact patients who need this device most — post-surgical patients, stroke patients, immobilized patients — people whose vascular systems are already under stress, and who are at high risk of developing a silent, fatal clot.

We kept seeing the same gap. A patient recovering well. A patient making progress. And a clot — invisible, undetected — changing everything.

And we kept asking the same question:

Why does catching a blood clot require a fifty-thousand-dollar machine, three different specialists, and two hours of waiting... when a person's life can end in minutes?

It should not.

And with the right technology — brought together intelligently, made portable, made affordable, and placed in the hands of every healthcare worker — it does not have to.

CLOTVIEW is our answer.

A wearable cuff. Ultrasound for visual confirmation. NIRS for physiological confirmation. AI for an instant, actionable result.

Designed to work anywhere — from ICUs to ambulances to rural clinics. Operated by anyone trained in healthcare. Delivering results that currently take hours — in seconds.

A blood clot that goes undetected for even a few hours... can travel to the lungs... and take a life that should never have been lost.

CLOTVIEW finds it first.

I am Pujitha. We are Team CLOT. Final year students of physiotherapy — R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

Thank you.

Q&A — PROFESSIONAL ANSWERS

"A hospital Doppler ultrasound is a large stationary machine — expensive, operated by a specialist, and the results require radiologist interpretation. CLOTVIEW is wearable, portable, and operates without specialists. More importantly — it adds Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a second confirmation layer and an AI model that gives an instant result. It is not replacing hospital imaging — it is the fast first-line bedside tool that currently does not exist."

"Completely safe. Near-infrared light at 700-900 nanometers is non-ionizing — no radiation, no heat, no side effects. It is the same principle used in pulse oximeters, which are used safely on billions of patients worldwide every day — including newborns and pregnant women."

"We are currently in the design and feasibility stage. Published clinical literature on combined ultrasound-NIRS approaches shows sensitivity above 90% is achievable. Our roadmap includes prototype development, clinical data collection, and rigorous AI validation against gold-standard Doppler ultrasound before any real-world application."

"We are at the conceptual design stage — the architecture, sensor selection, fusion approach, and AI pipeline are fully defined. The next phase is bench prototype development and lab validation. We have a clear roadmap from design to prototype to clinical testing."

"That is a very specific question and I want to give you an accurate answer rather than guess. I would rather follow up with you properly than speculate on something this important. May I get back to you after the session?"

TIMING

CLOTVIEW

CONFERENCE-LEVEL PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATION SCRIPT

Presenter: Pujitha | Team CLOT

Final Year, B.PT | R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy

Topic: Real-Time Blood Clot Detection in Limbs Through Dual-Mode Visualization

SCRIPT GUIDE:

• [Brackets] = stage directions — do not say aloud
• Bold = emphasize this word or phrase
• ... = natural pause, 1-2 seconds
• (PAUSE) = deliberate pause, 2-3 seconds
• (LONG PAUSE) = powerful silence, 3-4 seconds
• This script runs approximately 15 to 18 minutes at a conference pace

PART ONE — OPENING & INTRODUCTION

Slide 1 | Title Slide

"As we know...

...the human body is a miracle of circulation.

Every minute, the heart pumps approximately five liters of blood through nearly 100,000 kilometers of blood vessels — delivering oxygen, nutrients, and life to every single cell in the body.

This system works silently, continuously, and flawlessly — until one day...

...it doesn't.

Distinguished faculty, respected judges, and my fellow colleagues —

Good [morning / afternoon] to each of you.

I am Pujitha...

...and standing with me today are my teammates — we are collectively presenting as Team CLOT.

We are final year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy — an institution that has trained us to see the human body not merely as an academic subject, but as a clinical responsibility.

The project I am about to present to you today did not begin in a laboratory.

It began at a bedside.

It began when we — as physiotherapy students doing our clinical rotations — kept encountering the same devastating, preventable scenario:

A post-surgical patient. Day three of recovery. Vitals stable. Rehabilitation progressing. Family relieved.

And then — without warning, without any symptom, without any alarm — a blood clot that had been silently forming in the deep vein of that patient's leg... broke free.

And in the time it took to reach the lungs — that patient's condition went from stable... to critical.

In physiotherapy, we spend years learning how to restore function, restore movement, and restore quality of life.

But none of that matters — if a silent clot takes the life before we have the chance.

That experience — combined with our deep clinical education in vascular physiology, tissue oxygenation, and musculoskeletal anatomy — drove our team to ask one fundamental question:

Why does there not exist a single, affordable, portable device that can detect a dangerous blood clot — right at the patient's bedside — in real time — without specialist equipment?

After extensive literature review, clinical analysis, and engineering design work — we built the answer.

Ladies and gentlemen — the answer is CLOTVIEW.

CLOTVIEW — a Combined Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultrasound System for Real-Time Thrombus Detection and Characterization — a non-invasive, portable, AI-powered bedside device designed to visually detect blood clots in limbs with dual-mode confirmation and instant clinical output.

Over the next few minutes, I will walk you through the clinical problem driving this innovation, the technological architecture of CLOTVIEW, its real-world application, and the future development pathway we have mapped.

Let us begin with the problem — because unless we truly understand the scale and severity of what we are solving — the brilliance of the solution cannot be fully appreciated.

PART TWO — PROBLEM STATEMENT

Slide 2 | The Clinical Crisis

"Ladies and gentlemen — I want to begin with a number.

900,000.

That is the estimated number of people affected by Venous Thromboembolism — VTE — in the United States alone, every single year.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 60,000 and 100,000 Americans die from VTE annually. Many more suffer long-term complications including post-thrombotic syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, and permanent disability.

Globally — the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis estimates the incidence at 0.75 to 2.69 per 1,000 population — translating to millions of new cases every year across the world.

Pulmonary Embolism — the fatal complication of untreated DVT — is listed among the leading preventable causes of in-hospital death worldwide. It is one of the top causes of maternal mortality during and after pregnancy. And in cancer patients — 1 in every 5 develops a life-threatening thromboembolic event.

Now — let us understand exactly what Deep Vein Thrombosis is, because the physiology of this condition explains precisely why it is so difficult to detect and so easy to miss.

DVT occurs when a thrombus — a blood clot — forms within the deep venous system of the body. Most commonly, this occurs in the popliteal, femoral, or iliac veins of the lower limb — large vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the legs back toward the right side of the heart.

The clot forms as a result of what is classically described in medicine as Virchow's Triad — three contributing factors:

One — Venous stasis — slowing of blood flow, as seen in post-surgical immobility, prolonged bed rest, or long-haul travel.

Two — Endothelial injury — damage to the inner lining of the vessel wall, caused by surgery, trauma, or inflammatory processes.

Three — Hypercoagulability — an increased tendency of the blood to clot, seen in malignancy, pregnancy, hormonal therapy, or inherited clotting disorders.

As physiotherapy students — I want to highlight that every single one of our post-surgical and immobilized patients is exposed to at least two of these three factors simultaneously, every single day.

Post-operative patients on bed rest have both venous stasis and endothelial injury from the surgical procedure itself.

This is why DVT is endemic in rehabilitation and physiotherapy settings — and why the ability to detect it at the bedside is not merely convenient — it is a clinical necessity.

Now — and this is the most dangerous characteristic of DVT:

It is asymptomatic in the majority of cases.

The literature suggests that up to 50% of proximal DVT cases present with no clinical symptoms whatsoever. No calf pain. No leg swelling. No skin discoloration. No Homan's sign. Nothing.

The patient feels well. The patient looks well. And inside their vein — a thrombus is silently propagating.

The fatal cascade begins when a fragment of that thrombus — called an embolus — detaches from the vessel wall. It travels proximally through the venous circulation — through the femoral vein, through the inferior vena cava, into the right atrium, through the right ventricle, and into the pulmonary arterial tree.

When it lodges in a pulmonary artery — it obstructs blood flow to the lung. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch occurs. Hypoxemia develops. Right ventricular pressure rises acutely.

This is Pulmonary Embolism — and in its most severe form — massive PE — it can cause cardiovascular collapse and death within minutes of the embolic event.

Within. Minutes.

So — how is the medical world currently detecting these clots?

The current diagnostic gold standard for DVT is compression duplex Doppler ultrasonography — with a reported sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 92.6% for proximal DVT in hospitalized patients, as published in peer-reviewed literature.

Additionally, clinicians use serum D-dimer assays — a fibrin degradation product released during clot lysis — and in complex cases, MRI venography or CT pulmonary angiography for PE confirmation.

These are powerful, validated tools.

But every single one of them carries critical operational limitations — and those limitations, in combination, are costing lives.

Limitation One — Accessibility.

A Doppler ultrasound system requires capital investment ranging from $20,000 to $80,000 depending on configuration. CT and MRI infrastructure costs hundreds of thousands of dollars to install and maintain.

For a district hospital in rural Karnataka. For a primary health center in Bihar. For a community clinic in Sub-Saharan Africa — these machines are simply beyond reach.

Yet DVT does not distinguish between a patient at AIIMS Delhi and a patient at a rural health post in Ramanagara. The clot forms just the same.

Limitation Two — Time-to-Diagnosis.

The sequence from clinical suspicion to confirmed diagnosis involves: clinical assessment, ordering imaging, transporting the patient to the imaging suite, performing the scan, radiologist reporting, and physician decision-making.

In a busy hospital, this process takes a minimum of 2 to 4 hours. In an understaffed or rural setting — significantly longer.

We have established that a massive Pulmonary Embolism can be fatal within minutes.

The diagnostic window and the mortality window are in direct and deadly conflict.

Limitation Three — Specialist Dependency.

Doppler ultrasonography requires a trained vascular sonographer to perform the examination and a radiologist or vascular specialist to interpret the images.

In India, there are approximately 1 radiologist per 100,000 population — far below the WHO recommended ratio. In rural and semi-urban areas, this ratio is even more unfavorable.

The first healthcare professional to assess a patient with suspected DVT — the nurse, the physiotherapist, the general practitioner — has no validated, portable tool to confirm their suspicion at the point of care.

Limitation Four — Zero Early-Stage Detection.

Because early DVT is asymptomatic, the current paradigm is largely reactive — we detect it after complications arise, not before. There is no routine, affordable surveillance tool for high-risk inpatients.

Post-surgical patients on bed rest — our physiotherapy patients — are screened clinically, but clinical examination alone has a sensitivity of only approximately 60-70% for DVT detection.

The consequence of these four limitations — taken together — is a global healthcare failure:

Clots form silently. Detection is delayed. Embolism occurs. Lives are lost — unnecessarily.

As of today, there is no affordable, portable, non-specialist-dependent, point-of-care device capable of delivering real-time, visually confirmed, dual-mode detection of DVT at the patient's bedside.

That is the unmet clinical need. And that is precisely what CLOTVIEW was designed to address.

PART THREE — THE SOLUTION: CLOTVIEW

Slide 3 | Technology, Design & Output

"CLOTVIEW.

The name is deliberate. CLOT — the target. VIEW — the mechanism. Real-time visualization of blood clots — at the bedside — without a specialist — without delay.

Let me describe the device architecture to you.

CLOTVIEW is a portable, wearable cuff system — ergonomically designed to wrap around the upper or lower limb of a patient. In form factor, it resembles a sphygmomanometer cuff — familiar to every healthcare worker, comfortable for every patient, and requiring no special setup, no calibration procedure, and no imaging suite.

Any trained healthcare professional — a nurse, a physiotherapist, a paramedic, a general practitioner — can apply the CLOTVIEW cuff to a patient's limb, activate the device, and receive a clinically actionable result within seconds.

Inside this cuff, two entirely independent sensing modalities are integrated into a single unified platform:

Sensing Modality One — The Ultrasound Transducer Array.

The cuff houses a miniaturized, multi-element ultrasound transducer operating at clinically optimized frequencies for soft tissue and vascular imaging.

The transducer emits high-frequency acoustic waves into the limb — penetrating the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle layers to reach the deep venous structures beneath.

These waves reflect differently off different tissue types — vessel walls, flowing blood, stationary thrombus material — and the reflected signals are reconstructed into a real-time B-mode vein image on the CLOTVIEW display.

The key diagnostic sign that CLOTVIEW's ultrasound component looks for is called non-compressibility — the classical and most reliable ultrasonographic criterion for DVT.

In a patent, healthy vein — when gentle external pressure is applied — the vessel walls collapse and approximate. The lumen disappears. This is compressibility — this is normal.

In a vein containing a thrombus — the clot occupies the lumen. No amount of gentle compression causes the walls to meet. The vessel remains round, distended, and rigid. It does not compress.

On CLOTVIEW's display, this appears as a bright, echogenic, non-compressible intraluminal mass — visually distinct, immediately recognizable, requiring no specialist interpretation.

Doppler ultrasonography — the current gold standard — achieves a sensitivity of 94.4% for proximal DVT using this exact principle. CLOTVIEW's ultrasound module replicates this diagnostic approach in a portable, wearable form factor.

Sensing Modality Two — Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS.

Simultaneously — at the exact same moment the ultrasound is imaging the vessel — the CLOTVIEW cuff activates its near-infrared spectroscopy module.

NIRS operates by emitting near-infrared light at wavelengths between 700 and 900 nanometers through the skin surface into the underlying tissue. At these wavelengths, NIR light has sufficient penetration depth to reach the tissue surrounding the deep venous structures — passing harmlessly through skin, fat, and muscle.

This light is completely non-ionizing. It carries no radiation. It generates no thermal effects at clinical intensities. It is biologically inert and entirely safe for all patient populations — including pediatric patients, pregnant women, elderly patients, and critically ill individuals.

The underlying principle of NIRS measurement is the differential absorption of light by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.

Oxygenated hemoglobin — HbO2 — and deoxygenated hemoglobin — HHb — absorb near-infrared light at different wavelengths. By measuring the ratio of absorbed to transmitted light at multiple wavelengths, CLOTVIEW's NIRS module calculates the regional oxygen saturation — rSO2 — of the tissue in real time, continuously and non-invasively.

I want to connect this principle to something every person in this room already knows well.

The pulse oximeter — the device clipped to a patient's fingertip in every ICU, every ward, every emergency department. It measures oxygen saturation in peripheral blood using near-infrared light through tissue. That is exactly the same physical principle — CLOTVIEW simply applies it on a vastly larger and more sophisticated scale, across the entire limb cross-section.

Now — here is the clinical logic of why NIRS detects DVT, and why it matters:

When a thrombus occludes a deep vein, venous outflow from the limb segment distal to the clot is obstructed. Blood pools proximally. Tissue perfusion decreases. The oxygen delivery-to-consumption ratio in the downstream tissue falls.

The result is a measurable, quantifiable reduction in regional tissue oxygen saturation — a drop in rSO2 — in the tissue distal to the thrombus.

Published research has demonstrated that NIRS can detect DVT with an overall sensitivity of 97% — outperforming several conventional clinical assessment tools for isolated calf DVT detection.

So let us now bring both modalities together — because this is where CLOTVIEW's true power lies.

The ultrasound component shows us the anatomical, structural evidence — the physical thrombus occluding the vessel lumen.

The NIRS component shows us the physiological, functional evidence — the tissue oxygen deficit caused by that thrombus impairing circulation.

These are two entirely independent physical measurements, operating on two entirely different scientific principles, providing two entirely independent lines of evidence — both pointing to the same diagnostic conclusion.

This is what we call dual-mode confirmation — and it is the central innovation of CLOTVIEW.

In clinical diagnostics, dual confirmation dramatically reduces both false positives and false negatives. An ultrasound artifact alone cannot generate a false positive if the NIRS simultaneously shows normal tissue oxygenation. Conversely, a DVT that produces subtle ultrasound findings will still generate the characteristic NIRS oxygen deficit signature.

The two modalities are complementary, not redundant. Together, they are more powerful than either alone.

Now — the clinical output. What does the treating clinician actually see?

The CLOTVIEW display presents two simultaneous panels in real time:

Left panel — Ultrasound vein image. The real-time B-mode visualization of the target vessel. The vessel wall. The lumen. Any intraluminal mass. The compressibility or non-compressibility of the vein under gentle automated pressure cycling.

Right panel — NIRS tissue oxygen heatmap. A spatially resolved, color-coded map of regional oxygen saturation across the limb cross-section — updated continuously, in real time.

The color coding is clinically intuitive:

Tissue demonstrating reduced oxygen saturation — consistent with venous obstruction — is rendered in BLUE — indicating compromised downstream perfusion.

Tissue with normal oxygen saturation — indicating patent venous flow — is rendered in GREEN and RED — indicating healthy, unobstructed circulation.

Above both panels — the Artificial Intelligence processing layer is operating continuously.

Our AI model ingests the ultrasound image data — including vessel geometry, echogenicity patterns, and compressibility metrics — alongside the NIRS spectral data — including rSO2 values, HbO2/HHb ratios, and spatial distribution patterns — and performs multi-modal data fusion analysis in real time.

The output is a single, clinically actionable result:

For example:

"High probability of Deep Vein Thrombosis detected — right femoral vein. Ultrasound: non-compressible intraluminal echogenicity. NIRS: regional oxygen saturation deficit of 18% distal to suspected occlusion site. Confidence: 91%. Immediate clinical review strongly recommended."

Or alternatively:

"No significant venous obstruction detected. Vessel compressibility within normal parameters. Tissue oxygenation normal bilaterally. DVT probability: Low."

One unified result. One clinical action. Zero ambiguity.

The nurse does not need to interpret a sonographic image. The physiotherapist does not need to calculate a Wells score and wait for a D-dimer result. The paramedic in a rural ambulance does not need a radiologist on call.

They receive one evidence-based probability assessment — generated from two independent sensing modalities — in real time — at the bedside.

A wearable cuff — applied in under 60 seconds.

Dual-mode sensing — ultrasound and NIRS, operating simultaneously.

AI-powered output — a probability score and clinical recommendation, generated in real time.

Zero needles. Zero radiation. Zero specialist dependency. Zero imaging suite required.

Applicable in a tertiary ICU. In a district hospital. In a primary health center. In a rural clinic. In an ambulance. Anywhere a trained healthcare worker and a patient exist.

CLOTVIEW does not ask healthcare systems to change their infrastructure.

CLOTVIEW brings the diagnostic capability to wherever the patient is.

This is CLOTVIEW.

PART FOUR — CLOSING STATEMENT

Slide 4 | Significance, Vision & Conclusion

"Ladies and gentlemen — allow me to close with the significance of what we have presented today.

We began this project not as engineers, not as biomedical researchers, not as clinicians with decades of experience.

We began as final year physiotherapy students — from R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy — who had been trained to understand the human vascular system, who had sat at patient bedsides, who had seen the clinical consequences of delayed diagnosis firsthand.

We understood the physiology of venous thrombosis from our vascular anatomy coursework. We understood tissue oxygen dynamics from our cardiopulmonary physiotherapy training. We understood the clinical presentation — and crucially, the clinical absence of presentation — of DVT from our rehabilitation medicine postings.

And we used that clinical foundation to identify a gap that no existing device was filling — and to design a solution that addresses it directly.

CLOTVIEW's innovation lies not in inventing new physics — near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound are both mature, clinically validated technologies. The innovation lies in intelligently combining them — miniaturizing them into a wearable platform — integrating them with an AI fusion layer — and deploying them in a form factor that removes every barrier that currently prevents bedside clot detection.

Let us consider the clinical impact:

Every physiotherapy inpatient on post-surgical bed rest — a population inherently at elevated DVT risk — could have a CLOTVIEW assessment as part of standard daily monitoring — just as routine as measuring blood pressure or pulse oximetry.

Every ambulance attending a patient with suspected PE could carry a CLOTVIEW cuff and begin the diagnostic process en route to the hospital — rather than arriving with no data and losing critical time.

Every rural primary health center in a district without imaging infrastructure could have a device that gives the attending medical officer a validated, evidence-based answer about whether to initiate emergency anticoagulation — rather than making that life-or-death decision based on clinical examination alone.

The global burden of venous thromboembolism is not declining.

With the aging of populations worldwide, the rising prevalence of cancer, the increasing rates of surgical procedures, and the post-pandemic legacy of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy — the incidence of DVT and PE is projected to increase in the coming decades.

The diagnostic infrastructure of the world — particularly in low and middle-income countries — is not equipped to meet that increasing burden using existing tools.

CLOTVIEW is designed to meet that burden — at scale, at low cost, and at the point of care.

Our roadmap is clear:

Phase One — Bench prototype development and sensor integration validation.

Phase Two — Pilot clinical study — dual-mode sensor output validation against gold-standard Doppler ultrasonography in a controlled inpatient setting.

Phase Three — AI model training on validated clinical datasets — optimization for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value across proximal and distal DVT subtypes.

Phase Four — Regulatory pathway and manufacturing scale-up — with affordability as a non-negotiable design constraint at every stage.

We are students today.

But this project reflects the kind of clinical thinking, the kind of systems-level problem-solving, and the kind of patient-centered innovation that we believe physiotherapy as a profession is uniquely positioned to contribute to medicine.

Because we are not just rehabilitation specialists.

We are vascular clinicians. We are tissue physiologists. We are the healthcare professionals who spend the most time at the patient's side — watching, assessing, monitoring.

And we are the ones who noticed this gap.

A blood clot, undetected for even a matter of hours, can detach, embolize, and end a life that a team of clinicians spent days working to save.

CLOTVIEW finds that clot — before it moves.

I am Pujitha.

These are my teammates — Team CLOT.

We are final year students of Bachelor of Physiotherapy — R.L. Jalappa College of Physiotherapy.

On behalf of our team and our institution — thank you for this opportunity to present our work.

We welcome your questions, your critique, and your engagement.

Thank you.

CONFERENCE Q&A — PROFESSIONAL RESPONSES

"A very important question — thank you. Published research, including a study comparing NIRS to air plethysmography for DVT detection, reported an overall NIRS sensitivity of 97% for DVT — including an 89% sensitivity for isolated calf DVT, which is notoriously difficult to detect even with standard ultrasound. A separate study published in peer-reviewed vascular literature demonstrated that NIRS can noninvasively monitor both the presence and treatment response of DVT in clinical settings. These findings form the scientific basis for our NIRS integration. Our own clinical validation study — in Phase Two of our development roadmap — will generate device-specific sensitivity and specificity data against Doppler gold standard."

"Excellent clinical question. NIRS tissue penetration is indeed a relevant consideration — effective penetration depth for NIR light in tissue is approximately 2 to 4 centimeters, depending on tissue composition. For superficial and mid-depth vessels this is adequate. For deeper vessel segments — such as the iliac veins — the primary diagnostic weight shifts to the ultrasound component, while NIRS provides supporting physiological context through its tissue oxygen saturation measurements.

This is precisely the advantage of our dual-mode architecture — neither modality is expected to carry the full diagnostic burden alone. They are synergistic. Where NIRS penetration has anatomical limitations, ultrasound imaging compensates. Where ultrasound image quality is reduced by tissue artifact, the NIRS oxygen data provides an independent signal. Together, the system addresses a broader range of clinical presentations than either modality alone could achieve."

"We are currently at the conceptual design and technical feasibility stage. The architecture — sensor selection, cuff form factor, dual-mode data acquisition pipeline, and AI output framework — is fully defined based on extensive literature review and component analysis.

The key technical challenges in our development roadmap include: first, miniaturizing the ultrasound transducer array to the resolution and frequency specifications needed for reliable vein imaging within a flexible cuff form factor. Second, developing the multi-modal AI fusion algorithm — training it to correctly weight and interpret simultaneous ultrasound and NIRS signals across varying patient anatomies, tissue compositions, and DVT presentations. Third, ensuring clinical-grade sensitivity and specificity across both proximal and distal DVT subtypes through rigorous validation.

We are confident these challenges are solvable with the right engineering and clinical collaboration — and our roadmap is designed to address each one systematically."

"Existing portable ultrasound devices — such as the Butterfly IQ — represent a significant step forward in accessibility, retailing at approximately $2,000 to $3,000 for the device. They are valuable tools. However, they remain single-modality — ultrasound only — and still require trained operator interpretation.

CLOTVIEW's differentiation is threefold: one — it adds NIRS as a second independent diagnostic modality, increasing diagnostic confidence beyond single-modality ultrasound. Two — it is wearable and automated — applied like a cuff, not operated like a probe — removing operator skill as a variable. Three — the AI layer provides an instant probability score that requires no image interpretation expertise.

Our component analysis suggests that at manufacturing scale, the CLOTVIEW platform — using commercially available miniaturized ultrasound transducers and NIR LED-photodetector arrays — can be produced at a cost point significantly below existing portable ultrasound devices, with a target accessible to district-level healthcare infrastructure in developing countries."

"In India, medical devices are regulated under the Medical Devices Rules 2017 by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation — CDSCO. CLOTVIEW, as a non-invasive diagnostic device, would fall under Class B or Class C depending on its intended clinical use categorization.

Our regulatory pathway would involve: design and manufacturing according to IS/ISO 13485 quality management standards, clinical performance testing in accordance with IEC 62304 for software and IEC 60601-1 for electrical medical device safety, followed by CDSCO registration and clinical trial notification as required.

We have mapped this pathway as an integral part of Phase Four of our development roadmap — and we are actively exploring collaboration with regulatory affairs professionals to ensure our development process is compliance-ready from the outset."

"That is a highly specific and valuable question. I want to give you a precise, evidence-based answer rather than speculate on a matter with clinical implications. I would prefer to research that carefully and follow up with you directly — may I take your contact details after the session? I want to ensure you receive an accurate and properly referenced response."

COMPLETE TIMING REFERENCE

FINAL NOTE FOR PUJITHA

CLOTVIEW — COMPLETE PRESENTATION SCRIPT

SLIDE 1 — INTRODUCTION

SLIDE 2 — PROBLEM STATEMENT

SLIDE 3 — SOLUTION: CLOTVIEW

SLIDE 4 — CLOSING

Q&A — READY ANSWERS