E-Poster Outline
Artificial Intelligence as a Second Reader in Emergency Radiology: Benefits, Pitfalls, and a Safe Workflow
Type: Educational pictorial essay
Recommended format: 16:9 landscape electronic poster
Target audience: Radiologists, residents, emergency physicians
Core message: AI can support triage and detection of time-sensitive imaging findings, but final image interpretation and clinical responsibility remain with the radiologist.
1. Title panel
Title
Artificial Intelligence as a Second Reader in Emergency Radiology: Benefits, Pitfalls, and a Safe Workflow
Authors
Your Name, Co-author(s), Guide/Faculty
Department of Radiodiagnosis, [Institution Name]
Optional subtitle
A case-based pictorial review of AI-assisted emergency imaging.
2. Background
Text for poster
Emergency radiology requires rapid and accurate detection of critical findings. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly used to prioritize studies, flag suspected abnormalities, quantify disease burden, and assist reporting. However, AI performance may be affected by image quality, artifacts, atypical disease, differences in local patient populations, and over-reliance by users. This e-poster reviews high-value emergency applications of AI, illustrates common pitfalls, and presents a radiologist-supervised workflow for safe implementation.
Visual
Use a small emergency-room to CT scanner illustration or a clean workflow icon:
Emergency patient → CT/X-ray → AI flag → Radiologist review → Final report
3. Learning objectives
By the end of this e-poster, viewers should be able to:
- Identify major applications of AI in emergency radiology.
- Recognize examples of AI-related false positives and false negatives.
- Apply a safe workflow in which AI supports, but does not replace, the radiologist.
4. What can AI do in emergency radiology?
Use a four-column infographic or table.
| AI function | Emergency imaging example | Potential benefit | Radiologist’s role |
|---|
| Triage | Intracranial hemorrhage on NCCT head | Prioritizes urgent examinations in worklists | Confirm the finding and assess severity |
| Detection | Pneumothorax on chest X-ray | Flags a subtle abnormality | Differentiate true lesion from mimic/artifact |
| Classification | Acute versus chronic vertebral compression fracture | Supports pattern recognition | Integrate clinical and multimodality findings |
| Quantification | Hemorrhage volume, ischemic core, clot burden | Standardizes measurements | Verify segmentation and clinical relevance |
| Report support | Missing laterality or contradictory statements | May reduce report errors | Review and approve final report |
Short key statement
AI is most useful when it performs a specific, validated task within a clearly defined clinical workflow.
5. Case-based pictorial section
Use six cases. Each case should occupy a similar-sized panel.
For every case, include:
- Clinical presentation
- Imaging modality
- Image A: original image
- Image B: AI flag, heatmap, segmentation, or illustrative target overlay
- Final diagnosis
- “AI value”
- “Pitfall / radiologist check”
If your department does not use AI software, label your annotation clearly as:
“Illustrative region commonly targeted by AI”
Do not present manually drawn arrows as genuine AI outputs.
Case 1: Intracranial hemorrhage on non-contrast CT
Clinical scenario
A 62-year-old patient presented with sudden headache and left-sided weakness.
Images to include
- Axial NCCT image showing basal ganglia hemorrhage
- Coronal reformatted CT image
- Optional AI alert screenshot or illustrative red overlay
Final diagnosis
Acute right basal ganglia hemorrhage with intraventricular extension
Modify this according to your actual case.
AI value
- May identify suspected hemorrhage.
- May prioritize the CT study in an emergency worklist.
- May help estimate hemorrhage volume.
Pitfall / radiologist check
AI detection alone does not replace assessment for:
- Hemorrhage location
- Intraventricular extension
- Hydrocephalus
- Mass effect and midline shift
- Underlying lesion or vascular cause
Teaching point
AI may accelerate triage, but severity assessment and urgent communication remain radiologist-led tasks.
Case 2: Large-vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
Clinical scenario
A 68-year-old patient presented within the thrombolysis/thrombectomy time window with aphasia and hemiparesis.
Images to include
- CT angiography axial image
- CTA MIP image demonstrating MCA occlusion
- CT perfusion color map, if available
- AI occlusion marker or illustrative overlay
Final diagnosis
Acute proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion
Adapt to your actual case.
AI value
- May flag suspected large-vessel occlusion.
- May assist with ischemic-core and penumbra quantification.
- May expedite stroke-team notification.
Pitfall / radiologist check
Potential errors may occur with:
- Poor contrast bolus timing
- Motion degradation
- Chronic vessel occlusion
- Severe intracranial atherosclerosis
- Small distal branch occlusions
Teaching point
AI can support time-critical stroke imaging, but vessel assessment and treatment suitability need expert review and clinical correlation.
Case 3: Pneumothorax on portable chest radiograph
Clinical scenario
A trauma patient underwent supine portable chest radiography.
Images to include
- AP supine chest X-ray
- Zoomed image showing deep sulcus sign or pleural line
- Optional CT correlation if available
Final diagnosis
Right-sided pneumothorax
Adapt to your case.
AI value
- May flag subtle pneumothorax for priority review.
- May be useful during high-volume emergency reporting.
Pitfall / radiologist check
Common false-positive mimics:
- Skin folds
- Scapular border
- Clothing folds
- Bed sheet or monitor leads
- Bullae
- Overlying soft-tissue shadows
Teaching point
An AI alert for pneumothorax should trigger careful image review, not automatic acceptance of the diagnosis.
Case 4: Pulmonary embolism on CT pulmonary angiography
Clinical scenario
A 45-year-old patient presented with acute dyspnea, tachycardia, and elevated D-dimer level.
Images to include
- Axial CTPA image
- Coronal CTPA image
- Optional vessel segmentation or clot-burden overlay
Final diagnosis
Acute pulmonary embolism in segmental/lobar pulmonary arteries
Use your actual case diagnosis.
AI value
- May assist in detection of filling defects.
- May quantify clot burden.
- May support right-heart strain evaluation when validated for that task.
Pitfall / radiologist check
Potential mimics or sources of error:
- Flow-related contrast artifact
- Poor opacification
- Respiratory motion
- Beam-hardening artifact
- Chronic thromboembolic disease
- Pulmonary artery tumor, rarely
Teaching point
A filling defect must be evaluated in multiple planes and interpreted with image quality and clinical context.
Case 5: Cervical-spine fracture on trauma CT
Clinical scenario
A patient following a road traffic collision underwent cervical-spine CT.
Images to include
- Sagittal bone-window CT
- Axial CT through fracture site
- Coronal image, if useful
- AI fracture flag or illustrative overlay
Final diagnosis
Cervical-spine fracture, for example C2 pars fracture, facet fracture, or vertebral-body fracture.
AI value
- May flag fracture candidates.
- May assist in reducing missed fractures on high-volume trauma CT studies.
Pitfall / radiologist check
The radiologist must still assess:
- Alignment
- Canal compromise
- Facet injury
- Multilevel fractures
- Prevertebral soft-tissue swelling
- Need for MRI when ligamentous injury is suspected
Teaching point
Detecting a fracture is not equivalent to determining spinal stability.
Case 6: A false-negative AI case
This case is essential because it makes the poster credible and balanced.
Suggested example
- Small subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Subtle non-displaced fracture
- Early ischemic change on NCCT
- Tiny pneumothorax
- Subsegmental pulmonary embolus
Clinical scenario
A patient with acute symptoms had a subtle but clinically meaningful imaging abnormality that was not flagged by AI.
Images to include
- Original image with subtle abnormality
- Zoomed image with your teaching annotation
- Confirmatory follow-up CT/MRI, if available
Key text
AI output: No alert / no high-probability flag
Final diagnosis: [Your diagnosis]
Teaching point
The absence of an AI alert must never be interpreted as a normal examination.
6. Why can AI fail?
Make this section as five color-coded boxes with simple icons.
A. Patient-related factors
- Altered anatomy
- Postsurgical change
- Rare diseases
- Severe multisystem trauma
- Pediatric or under-represented populations
B. Image-related factors
- Motion artifact
- Poor contrast opacification
- Low-dose image noise
- Metal artifact
- Incomplete coverage
- Non-standard acquisition protocol
C. Algorithm-related factors
- Task-specific limitations
- Uncertain threshold selection
- Limited external validation
- Poor calibration in a new setting
- Performance drift over time
D. Dataset-related factors
- Training population differs from local population
- Inadequate representation of unusual pathology
- Scanner or protocol differences
- Labeling errors in training data
E. Human-related factors
- Automation bias
- Alert fatigue
- Failure to review the full examination
- Inadequate understanding of AI output
- Use outside the tool’s intended clinical purpose
Highlighted statement
AI errors can arise from the patient, the image, the algorithm, the data, or the user.
7. Safe implementation workflow
Use this as the central infographic in the lower middle area of the poster:
Emergency imaging study acquired
↓
AI performs a validated, task-specific analysis
↓
AI generates flag / score / segmentation / prioritization
↓
Radiologist independently reviews the complete examination
↓
Radiologist compares AI output with images and clinical context
↓
Final radiologist report and urgent communication
↓
Ongoing audit: accuracy, turnaround time, failure modes, equity
Add this statement under the workflow
AI is a clinical decision-support tool. The radiologist remains responsible for image interpretation, communication, and the final report.
8. Practical checklist before using AI output
Use a short checklist with tick-box design.
Before accepting an AI finding, ask:
- Is the image technically adequate?
- Is the study within the AI tool’s intended use?
- Does the AI finding appear on more than one image or plane?
- Does it fit the clinical presentation?
- Could artifact or normal anatomy explain the alert?
- Has the entire examination been independently reviewed?
- Is urgent communication required regardless of the AI result?
9. Take-home messages
Use only three statements in a large box:
- AI can assist triage, detection, quantification, and reporting in emergency radiology.
- False-positive and false-negative AI outputs are unavoidable and must be anticipated.
- Independent radiologist review, clinical correlation, and final accountability remain essential.
10. References
Keep references small but readable. Use 5 to 8 strong references.
- Jahn J, Weiss J, Bamberg F. Applications of artificial intelligence in radiology. Radiologie. 2024. PubMed abstract
- Morales-Cevallos MB, Ma Lam CB, López Pino MJ. Use of artificial intelligence in education and training of radiology. Frontiers in Radiology. 2026. PubMed abstract
- Brin D, Tau N. Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence tools in radiology: a systematic review. European Radiology. 2026. PubMed abstract
- Add one peer-reviewed reference for each selected application, for example intracranial hemorrhage detection, stroke LVO detection, pneumothorax detection, pulmonary embolism detection, and fracture detection.
- Use your hospital’s approved local policy for AI governance, patient privacy, and image use, if available.
Evidence update: Recent systematic reviews support expanding AI use in radiology, but the poster should avoid claiming universal diagnostic improvement. Performance depends on the clinical task, population, image quality, validation, and workflow.
Suggested layout
Top row
- Title
- Author details
- Background
- Learning objectives
Left column
- What can AI do?
- Cases 1 to 3
Center column
- Cases 4 to 6
- Large “Safe AI workflow” infographic
Right column
- Why AI can fail
- Practical checklist
- Take-home messages
- References
Design rules
- Use a white or pale gray background.
- Use dark blue or black text.
- Use one accent color, such as teal or blue.
- Keep text minimal and let imaging occupy at least 60% of the poster.
- Use the same arrow style and labeling system throughout.
- Label every image with modality and plane, for example:
“Axial NCCT head”, “Coronal CTPA”, “Sagittal CT cervical spine, bone window.”
- Remove all patient identifiers from images, including name, ID, dates, accession number, and embedded metadata.
- Obtain institutional approval for clinical-image use according to your department and conference rules.
This outline works best as a 6-case educational pictorial essay. It is achievable without needing access to an actual commercial AI platform, while still being scientifically balanced and visually strong.