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- Search a library of medical textbooks for authoritative answers
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Okay I’ll give you the final year MBBS questions of anaesthesia
- Answer each one thoroughly using medical textbooks from the library
- Back answers with clinical detail and current evidence where relevant
- Keep explanations exam-focused and clear
Okay answer them also explain them and should be concise and to the point with visual representation and reasoning
- Direct answer - clear and concise
- Explanation - the reasoning/mechanism behind it
- Visual - diagram or table where it helps (mnemonics, flowcharts, comparisons)
These are questions according to important or frequently asked questions important for exam in order answers them in preset
- ✅ Concise direct answer
- 🧠 Reasoning/mechanism
- 📊 Visual (table/diagram/mnemonic) where helpful
■ PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT Yield Question / Topic ★ ×N ■ HIGH YIELD – Must Know HIGH YIELD ASA Classification – ASA physical status I–VI; clinical examples; implications for anaesthesia ★★★★★ ×8 HIGH YIELD Pre-operative Airway Assessment – Mallampati score (I–IV); other predictors (thyromental distance, mouth opening, neck mobility); predicted difficult airway management algorithm ★★★★★ ×8 HIGH YIELD Fasting Guidelines – current recommendations (2h for clear fluids, 6h solids); RSI indication ★★★★★ ×7 ■ MIDDLE YIELD – Important MID YIELD Pre-anaesthetic Checkup – checklist; informed consent; pre-medication (Midazolam, Glycopyrrolate, antacid) ★★★■■ ×6 MID YIELD Cardiovascular/Respiratory Complications of GA – enumerate; management intraoperatively ★★★■■ ×4 ■ GENERAL ANAESTHESIA Yield Question / Topic ★ ×N ■ HIGH YIELD – Must Know HIGH YIELD IV Induction Agents – Propofol (advantages/disadvantages) vs Thiopentone vs Ketamine (haemodynamic effects; TIVA use) ★★★★★ ×9 HIGH YIELD Volatile Anaesthetic Agents – Isoflurane/Sevoflurane/Desflurane; MAC concept; cardiovascular/respiratory effects ★★★★★ ×7 HIGH YIELD Muscle Relaxants – Suxamethonium (depolarising; contraindications; phase I/II block) vs Non-depolarising (Vecuronium/Atracurium/Rocuronium) ★★★★★ ×7 HIGH YIELD Neostigmine Reversal – mechanism (AChE inhibitor); why add Atropine/Glycopyrrolate (block muscarinic side effects) ★★★★★ ×7 ■ MIDDLE YIELD – Important MID YIELD Nitrous Oxide – advantages (analgesic, rapid onset) and disadvantages (PONV, expansion of gas-filled cavities, B12 inactivation) ★★★■■ ×6 MID YIELD Premedication Drugs – purpose; Midazolam (anxiolysis), Glycopyrrolate (antisialagogue), H2 blocker, Metoclopramide ★★★■■ ×5 MID YIELD Opioids – Fentanyl, Morphine, Tramadol; properties; side effects; reversal (Naloxone) ★★★■■ ×4 ■ REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA Yield Question / Topic ★ ×N ■ HIGH YIELD – Must Know HIGH YIELD Spinal vs Epidural – differences (dural puncture, drug volume, onset, level of block, catheter); complications; contraindications ★★★★★ ×9 HIGH YIELD Complications of Spinal Anaesthesia – hypotension (Ephedrine/phenylephrine), PDPH (blood patch), high spinal, urinary retention ★★★★★ ×7 ■ MIDDLE YIELD – Important TU/IOM Final MBBS – System-wise High-Yield Past Question Analysis (2069–2082) Page 17 MID YIELD MID YIELD MID YIELD Local Anaesthetics – Lidocaine vs Bupivacaine (potency, safe dose, duration, toxicity); mechanism (Na+ channel block) ★★★■■ ×6 Brachial Plexus Block – anatomy; approaches (interscalene/supraclavicular/infraclavicular/axillary); uses ★★★■■ ×5 Epidural Analgesia – technique; advantages (post-op pain, labour); complications; contraindications ★★★■■ ×5 ■ EMERGENCY / RESUSCITATION Yield Question / Topic ★ ×N ■ HIGH YIELD – Must Know HIGH YIELD Adult ACLS – shockable (VF/pulseless VT: defibrillation + CPR + Adrenaline + Amiodarone) vs non-shockable (PEA/asystole: CPR + Adrenaline); 4H/4T reversible causes ★★★★★ ×9 HIGH YIELD CPR – high-quality chest compression (rate 100–120/min, depth 5–6 cm, full recoil, minimise interruptions); Epinephrine dose/timing; other drugs (Amiodarone, Atropine, MgSO■) ★★★★★ ×8 HIGH YIELD RSI – definition; steps; indications; suxamethonium (fasciculations; K■ rise; modified RSI with Rocuronium) ★★★★★ ×7 ■ FLUIDS & NUTRITION Yield Question / Topic ★ ×N ■ MIDDLE YIELD – Important MID YIELD MID YIELD MID YIELD MID YIELD IV Fluids – crystalloids (Normal Saline vs Hartmann's vs 5%D) vs colloids (Gelofusine, Albumin); indications ★★★■■ ×6 Total Parenteral Nutrition (Anaesthesia context) – indications; complications; monitoring ★★★■■ ×5 Haemorrhage Classification – Class I–IV (% blood loss, HR, BP, RR, UO, GCS); management per class ★★★■■ ×5 Colloid vs Crystalloid – comparison; Starling forces; pros/cons of colloids in sepsis (SAFE trial) ★★★■■ ×4
What's inside this guide:
| Section | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| Preoperative Assessment | ASA I-VI, Mallampati + LEMON, Fasting 2-4-6-8, PAC checklist, CV/Resp complications |
| General Anaesthesia | Propofol vs Thiopentone vs Ketamine, MAC + volatiles, Suxamethonium (Phase I/II, contraindications), NDMRs comparison, Neostigmine mechanism, N₂O pros/cons, Premeds, Opioids |
| Regional Anaesthesia | Spinal vs Epidural full comparison, PDPH + blood patch, Hypotension management, LAs (Lidocaine vs Bupivacaine + Intralipid), Brachial plexus 4 approaches, Epidural technique |
| Emergency/Resuscitation | ACLS shockable vs non-shockable algorithm, 4H/4T, drug doses, High-quality CPR parameters, RSI 7 steps + modified RSI |
| Fluids & Nutrition | Crystalloids comparison, Colloids, Haemorrhage Class I-IV table, Colloid vs Crystalloid + SAFE trial, TPN indications + complications |
- Learn the tables - examiners love comparisons (Spinal vs Epidural, Propofol vs Ketamine, Class I-IV)
- Know the mnemonics - LEMON, BHUCKS, 4H/4T
- Know the doses - Suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg, Adrenaline 1 mg, Bupivacaine max 2 mg/kg
- The "why" matters - e.g., why glycopyrrolate with neostigmine, why blood patch for PDPH