Movement Disorders - Recent Journal Highlights (2024-2026)

Parkinson's Disease

Essential Tremor

Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes (PSP, MSA, CBD)

Technology & Digital Biomarkers

Huntington's Disease - 2025 Breakthrough

Other Conditions

• Movement disorders in malaria - A 2025 systematic review (PMID 40537708) reviewed the spectrum of chorea, tremor, and parkinsonism as neurological sequelae of malaria infection.
• Spontaneous movement disorders in antipsychotic-naive psychosis - A 2024 meta-analysis in BMJ Mental Health (PMID 39313255) showed that dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and dystonia can occur even in patients who have never received antipsychotics.
• Movement disorders in SSPE - A 2024 systematic review in Movement Disorders Clinical Practice (PMID 38748762) characterized the myoclonus, chorea, and dystonia seen in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

• Movement Disorders (MDS official journal)
• Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
• Neurologic Clinics
• Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
• JAMA Neurology, Neurology, Brain

Demyelinating Disorders - Recent Journal Highlights (2024-2026)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Remyelination - A Frontier Shift

Comparative DMT Effectiveness

Brain Volume Loss as an Outcome

DMT Discontinuation in Stable MS

Pediatric-Onset MS

Progressive MS

Infection Risk of DMTs

Immune Synapse Mechanisms

Quality of Life

MRI - Postmortem Validation

Serum Neurofilament Light (sNfL) - Emerging Biomarker

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) & MOGAD

Definitive Clinical Review

Evolving Disease Spectrum

What's New in NMOSD/MOGAD (2024)

NEMOSD Immunotherapy Handbook (2026)

NEMOS Updated Guidelines (2024)

Brain/Spinal Cord Atrophy in NMOSD/MOGAD

2026 ACTRIMS Forum Highlights

Upcoming NMOSD Comparative Trial

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

Other Demyelinating Conditions

• Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS): A 2025 Frontiers in Human Neuroscience case report highlighted ODS occurring with normal serum sodium in alcohol-dependent patients - reinforcing that alcoholism is an independent risk factor independent of sodium dysregulation.
• Suboptimal Dosing in MS: A 2025 systematic review (PMID 41032996) examined real-world practice of using suboptimal DMT doses and its consequences for relapse rates.

Key Journals Covering Demyelinating Disorders

1. Remyelination - moving from immunosuppression to repair
2. Blood biomarkers (sNfL) - replacing or supplementing MRI monitoring
3. NMOSD/MOGAD distinction - clearer treatment algorithms per antibody type
4. Complement inhibition - new mechanism in both CIDP and NMOSD
5. Escalation vs. induction - ongoing debate in early RRMS management
6. Pediatric MS - dedicated evidence base emerging

CIDP Drugs - Recent Neurology Journal Highlights (2024-2026)

The Paradigm Shift: Beyond IVIG

1. FcRn Inhibitors - The Major New Drug Class

Efgartigimod (Vyvgart Hytrulo) - FDA Approved

• A 2024 review in Neurological Sciences (PMID 38644454) provided a full pharmacological profile of efgartigimod as an anti-FcRn Fc-fragment antibody, detailing its mechanism across multiple autoimmune diseases.
• A broad 2024 review in CNS Drugs (PMID 38724842) reviewed all FcRn inhibitor therapies across neurological diseases, covering efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab, and nipocalimab.
• A 2025 Frontiers in Immunology case series from China (PMID 40375986) reported real-world short-term efgartigimod use in CIDP, with most patients achieving stability or improvement.
• 2025 FDA approval (pre-filled syringe): Efgartigimod alfa + hyaluronidase (Vyvgart Hytrulo) received approval for CIDP in 2025 - the first subcutaneous FcRn inhibitor approved for CIDP, per Practical Neurology's 2025 FDA roundup.
• 2026 Real-world data: Presented at the AAN Annual Meeting (April 2026, Chicago) and PNS Annual Meeting (June 2026, Maastricht), real-world evidence showed ~80% of patients successfully transitioned from IVIG to efgartigimod - per the EMJ Neurology summary.
• Caution: A 2025 case series in Journal of Neurological Sciences (PMID 39578164) reported early clinical deterioration in some CIDP patients transitioning from IVIG to FcRn inhibitors - highlighting the need for careful monitoring during the switchover period.

Rozanolixizumab

• A 2024 multicenter Phase 2a RCT in JNNP (PMID 38729747) - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - demonstrated that rozanolixizumab (another FcRn inhibitor, also used in myasthenia gravis) was efficacious and safe in CIDP over 12 weeks, with an open-label extension confirming sustained benefit. This drug is advancing toward Phase 3 evaluation.

Riliprubart (Anti-C1q Complement Inhibitor - Investigational)

• NeurologyLive (May 2025) reported biomarker and subgroup data for riliprubart in CIDP - a C1q-targeted complement inhibitor (Sanofi) that targets the classical complement pathway, which is activated at the node of Ranvier in CIDP. Subgroup analysis has identified complement-driven disease as a specific enrichable population. This is a wholly different mechanism from FcRn inhibitors.

2. IVIG - Refined Evidence Base

ADVANCE-CIDP IVIG Trial (2025)

Cochrane Review Update (2024)

Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin (SCIg) - Phase 3 Data

• A 2024 meta-analysis in Neurological Sciences (PMID 38937399) of SCIg in CIDP found non-inferiority to IVIG for maintenance, with significantly better tolerability and home-administration convenience.
• The ADVANCE-CIDP 3 Phase 3 trial (PMID 39523874) published in Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System demonstrated long-term safety and tolerability of hyaluronidase-facilitated SCIg 10% (HyQvia) as maintenance therapy over 52 weeks - supporting its use as a IVIG alternative in stable patients.

3. Rituximab (Anti-CD20) - First RCT

• Rituximab vs. placebo in IVIG-dependent CIDP patients
• Primary endpoint: IVIG-free remission at 12 months
• Results demonstrated a meaningful proportion of patients achieving IVIG independence, though the trial was not powered to show statistical significance on all endpoints
• Opens the path for anti-CD20 therapy, particularly in CIDP variants with anti-CNTN1/CASPR1 antibodies

4. Novel Therapies Review - JNNP 2025

• FcRn inhibitors (efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab, nipocalimab, batoclimab)
• Complement inhibitors (riliprubart)
• Anti-CD20 (rituximab, ublituximab)
• CAR-T cell approaches (early-phase)
• Biomarker-stratified treatment selection

5. Pathomechanisms Informing Drug Selection

• A 2024 systematic review in JPNS (PMID 38600685) profiled cytokine/chemokine signatures in CIDP - revealing IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL10 as consistently elevated, potentially supporting anti-cytokine approaches.
• A 2024 genomic meta-analysis in HGG Advances (PMID 38851890) identified GWAS candidate genes in CIDP, suggesting HLA and complement pathway variants as genetic risk factors - consistent with the therapeutic rationale for complement-targeting drugs.
• A 2024 Japanese review (PMID 39370835) clarified the pathomechanism of IVIG action itself in CIDP - including FcRn saturation, Treg activation, and anti-inflammatory Fc effects - explaining why FcRn inhibitors work through an overlapping mechanism.

6. Diagnosis & Imaging (Supporting Drug Selection)

Summary Table: CIDP Drug Landscape 2024-2026

• Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (JNNP)
• Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System (JPNS)
• Brain
• European Journal of Neurology
• Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
• Neurological Sciences

CIDP Clinical Trial Results - 2026

1. ADHERE Trial (Efgartigimod) - Post Hoc & Subgroup Analyses (AAN 2026)

Treatment-Naive Patients - AAN 2026 Post Hoc Analysis

• 87.5% of treatment-naive CIDP patients treated with efgartigimod SC achieved confirmed early clinical improvement
• Median time to response: 39.5 days - addressing an important evidence gap, as treatment-naive patients were historically underrepresented in CIDP trials
• Supports potential for earlier, first-line use of efgartigimod before IVIG exposure

ADHERE Plain Language Summary - Published 2026

• 66.5% response rate in Stage A (open-label stabilization)
• 61% reduction in relapse risk vs. placebo in Stage B (HR 0.39; p<0.001)
• Improved disability scores (I-RODS) and grip strength

Chinese Subpopulation Analysis - Published 2026

2. Real-World Evidence (Phase IV) - AAN & PNS 2026

• 3,512 patients with CIDP enrolled in the US Patient Support Program (PSP) initiated efgartigimod after FDA approval (up to March 5, 2026)
• 75% had prior IVIG exposure before switching to efgartigimod
• 90-day discontinuation rate: only 14% - notably lower than the 31% non-responder rate seen in the ADHERE trial itself, suggesting real-world patient selection may be better optimized
• Baseline disability scores (I-RODS) matched the ADHERE trial population, confirming representativeness
• ~80% of patients successfully transitioned from IVIG to efgartigimod and achieved clinical stability or improvement

3. Empasiprubart (C2 Complement Inhibitor) - Phase 3 Trial Designs Unveiled (AAN 2026)

4. Riliprubart (C1s Complement Inhibitor) - Phase 3 Recruiting

5. Daratumumab (Anti-CD38) - Emerging Case Evidence

6. Key Unresolved Issues with Efgartigimod in CIDP

• Enrichment bias (only responders in Stage A entered the randomized Stage B)
• Lack of active comparator (no head-to-head vs. IVIG)
• Questions about trial design applicability to newly diagnosed patients
• Calls for cleaner future trial designs

Summary: 2026 CIDP Trial Landscape at a Glance