Here is the complete, high-yield topic list transcribed from your images, organized strictly by subject and sub-category. ## **1. Anatomy** * **General & Systemic:** Bones, epiphysis, joints & sutures * **Head & Neck:** * Pharyngeal apparatus & tongue development * Muscles of larynx + nerve supply * Scalp injuries & facial muscles * Facial artery + nerve supply * Deep cervical fascia & neck triangles * Cranial nerves, foramina & fossae * Cavernous sinus & dural venous sinuses * **Neuroanatomy:** * Ascending vs descending tracts * Brainstem & functional areas of brain * Homunculus & blood supply of brain * **Limbs & Thorax:** * Brachial plexus & dermatomes * Cubital fossa & anatomical snuff box * Compartments of upper & lower limb * Heart blood supply & venous drainage * Diaphragm & diaphragmatic hernia * **Abdomen, Pelvis & Perineum:** * Inguinal canal & hernia * Portal vein & abdominal aorta branches * Pelvic diaphragm & perineal body * Prostate & urethral injury correlation * **General Mechanics:** Dermatomes & referred pain ## **2. Physiology** * **General & Cellular:** * Feedback/feedforward mechanisms * Transport across cell membrane * Osmolarity, anion gap & Nernst equation * RMP (Resting Membrane Potential) & action potential graphs * E-C coupling & muscle contraction * **Cardiovascular System (CVS):** * Cardiac cycle, heart sounds & JVP * Frank-Starling law & inotropic effect * Poiseuille law & CVS reflexes * **Respiratory System:** * Compliance, surfactant & spirometry * Flow-volume curve & dead space * \text{O}_2\text{-Hb} dissociation curve * Neural & chemical regulation of respiration * **Central Nervous System (CNS):** * Pain pathways & ascending tracts * UMN (Upper Motor Neuron) vs LMN (Lower Motor Neuron) lesion * Sleep EEG, REM vs NREM * **Renal System:** * Glomerular filtration & tubular transport * Counter-current mechanism & clearance * Acidification of urine & urinary buffers * **Endocrine & Reproduction:** * cAMP vs cGMP vs IP3/DAG * HPO (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian) axis & insulin secretion * \text{Ca}^{2+} homeostasis & ENS (Enteric Nervous System) * **Gastrointestinal System (GIT) & Hematology:** * Gastric secretion & MMC (Migrating Motor Complex) * Iron transport & Vitamin B12 ## **3. Biochemistry** * **General Biochemistry:** * Isoenzymes * Buffer systems * Competitive vs non-competitive inhibition * Enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism * **Carbohydrate Metabolism:** * Glycolysis — rate limiting enzyme, steps & net gain * Warburg phenomenon & Rapoport-Luebering shunt * Glycogen storage diseases * Benedict’s test results * Galactose & fructose metabolism * Classical galactosemia vs hereditary fructose intolerance * GLUT transporters * Sorbitol pathway * **Lipid Metabolism:** * Fatty acid synthesis * Beta oxidation of fatty acids * Transport of triglycerides * Hyperlipoproteinemia types * Sphingolipidoses * **Protein & Amino Acid Metabolism:** * Classification of amino acids * Metabolism of tryptophan * Phenylalanine & tyrosine metabolism * Tyrosinemia types * Transamination reactions * Urea cycle — formation & steps * **Molecular Biology & Genetics:** * Purines vs pyrimidines * Watson-Crick base pairing rules * Purine catabolism * PCR, telomeres & DNA repair mechanisms * Transcription & post-transcriptional modification * Genomic imprinting disorders * microRNA & karyotyping * **Vitamins & Minerals:** * Water-soluble vs fat-soluble vitamins * Vitamin deficiency disorders & important tests * Dry vs wet beriberi * Vitamin B6 deficiency * Vitamin B12 vs folate deficiency * Vitamin D synthesis * Wilson vs Menkes disease * Zinc deficiency * **Heme & Hormonal Regulation:** * Heme synthesis & lead poisoning * Insulin vs glucagon — fasting and fed state * N-acetyl glucosamine & MPS (Mucopolysaccharidosis) types ## **4. Pathology** * **General Pathology:** * Cell injury, Necrosis & Apoptosis * Acute vs chronic inflammation * Cytokines, complement & coagulation cascade * **Immunology:** * Innate vs acquired immunity * Hypersensitivity reactions * CD markers * Transplant rejection & GVHD (Graft-versus-Host Disease) * Amyloidosis * Autoimmune & Immunodeficiency disorders * **Neoplasia:** * Carcinogens & Tumor markers * **Hematology:** * Anemia patterns & Iron profiles * Hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency * Sickle cell anemia & Thalassemia * ALL, AML, CLL, CML * Hodgkin vs Non-Hodgkin lymphoma * DIC, Hemophilia & vWD (von Willebrand Disease) * **Renal Pathology:** * Nephrotic vs nephritic syndrome * PSGN, RPGN, Berger disease * Minimal change disease, FSGS, MPGN * RCC & bladder carcinoma * **GIT & Respiratory:** * Barrett esophagus & Gastric carcinoma * Colon carcinoma & Polyps * Asthma, COPD, ARDS & Emphysema * Lung cancer & Pneumoconiosis * **CVS, Endocrine & CNS:** * Vasculitis & ANCA patterns * IHD (Ischemic Heart Disease) & Cardiomyopathies * Thyroid disorders & Pheochromocytoma * CNS tumors & Breast carcinoma classification ## **5. Pharmacology** * **General Pharmacology:** * Dose-response curve * Agonist vs antagonist graph * Therapeutic index & Clinical trials * **ANS & CNS:** * Alzheimer’s & Myasthenia gravis drugs * OP poisoning & Atropine poisoning * Beta blockers & Anti-glaucoma drugs * Parkinsonism drugs * Antipsychotics, Antidepressants & Antiepileptics * Lithium & Morphine poisoning * **CVS, Renal & Endocrine:** * Anti-anginal drugs & RAAS inhibitors * Digoxin toxicity * Hypertension in pregnancy * Diuretics & Antidiabetic drugs * SERMs & Contraception * **Antimicrobials:** * Penicillins & Cephalosporins * Carbapenems, Monobactams & Vancomycin * ATT (Anti-Tubercular Therapy) drugs & side effects * ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy) therapy * HIV & HBV drugs * **Miscellaneous:** * Anticancer drugs & Monoclonal antibodies * Antidotes * IV anesthetics & Local anesthetics ## **6. General Medicine** * **Cardiology:** * Tachyarrhythmias vs Bradyarrhythmias * Important ECG patterns & Sudden cardiac death syndromes * ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) & Angina * ARF (Acute Rheumatic Fever) & Infective endocarditis * Heart sounds, murmurs & JVP * Valvular heart diseases * Cardiomyopathies & Acute aortic syndrome * **Respiratory:** * Spirometry & ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) * Acidosis vs Alkalosis * Asthma vs COPD * Occupational lung diseases & Cystic fibrosis * Pulmonary hypertension * Pneumonia & ARDS * **Emergency Medicine:** Shock (VERY IMPORTANT) * **Nephrology:** * Nephrotic vs Nephritic syndrome * AKI vs CKD * ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease) * Dialysis & Kidney transplant * **Rheumatology:** * RA & Seronegative spondyloarthropathies * Osteoarthritis * SLE & Antiphospholipid syndrome * Inflammatory myositis & Systemic sclerosis * Vasculitis — small, medium & large vessel * **Endocrinology:** * Polyuria & differentials * Pituitary disorders * MEN syndromes * Hypothyroidism, Graves & Thyroiditis * DM types & T2DM management * Chronic complications of DM * DKA vs HHS * Hyperaldosteronism * Cushing disease & Pheochromocytoma * Adrenal insufficiency * Hypocalcemia & Osteoporosis * **Neurology:** * Stroke types & localization * Acute stroke management * Ischemic vs Hemorrhagic stroke * Seizures & Epilepsy * Headaches * Meningitis vs Encephalitis * Neurocognitive disorders & Parkinsonism * Spinal cord syndromes, Brain death & Neuromuscular disorders * **Hematology:** * Bleeding time & Coagulopathies * ALL vs AML vs CLL vs CML * Lymphomas * Myeloproliferative disorders * Plasma cell disorders * Transfusion reactions * **Gastroenterology & Hepatology:** * Hepatitis — evaluation & treatment * AIH, PBC, PSC, Wilson disease, Hemochromatosis, Alpha-1 AT deficiency * Cirrhosis, Portal HTN & Liver failure * Pept... *(cut off in image, likely Peptic Ulcer Disease)* ## **7. Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM / Epidemiology)** * **Epidemiology:** * Cohort vs Case-control vs Cross-sectional * RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) * Sensitivity vs Specificity vs PPV/NPV * Incidence vs Prevalence * Levels of prevention * SEPSE/MEPSE/PE graphs * Important scientists & discoveries * **Immunization:** * Vaccine types + live/killed vaccines * National Immunization Schedule * Rabies vaccine schedule * HPV strains * Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) * Cold chain equipment * Open vial policy * Mission Indradhanush * **Maternal & Child Health:** * IMR, MMR, U5MR, NNMR, PNMR (Health Indices) * Birth weight & MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) * Breastfeeding * ASHA/ANM visits * ICDS & Mid-day meal programme * Anemia Mukt Bharat * **Family Planning & Demography:** * Pearl Index & Couple Protection Rate * OCPs, IUCDs, Depo * No-scalpel vasectomy * Demographic cycle * TFR, NRR, GRR, GFR * Population pyramids * **Biostatistics:** * Parametric vs Non-parametric tests * Mean/Median/Mode * Statistical errors * Distribution curves * Graphs & charts * Random sampling methods * **Environment & Vectors:** * Mosquito differences (Anopheles/Culex/Aedes) * Sandfly & Rat flea * Air pollution index * Water purification apparatus * Biomedical waste color coding * **National Health Programmes:** * NTEP / DOTS / Nikshay * NACP, NVBDCP, NLEP, IDSP, PMJAY * National health schemes * **Health System & Committees:** * SC vs PHC vs CHC (Sub Center, Primary, Community Health Center) * Population norms * Grassroot workers * Bhore, Mudaliar, Srivastava, Kartar Singh committees * **Communicable Diseases:** * Incubation periods * ORS * TB / Leprosy protocols * Important vectors in India * **Extra High-Yield:** * Disaster management & triage * Occupational diseases * Family cycle * Bioterrorism categories * Mental health & suicide indicators * WHO, UNICEF, SDGs ## **8. Microbiology** * **General Microbiology:** * Microscopes * Stains — Gram, Acid-fast, Albert, Bipolar, Negative, Methylene blue * Bacterial growth curve * Bacterial genetics * Sterilisation & disinfection * **Immunology:** * Innate vs acquired immunity * Antigen-antibody reactions * Complement system * Immunodeficiency disorders * **Mycology:** * Superficial mycoses — Dermatophytes, Piedra, Tinea * Subcutaneous — Mycetoma, Sporotrichosis, Rhinosporidiosis, Chromoblastomycosis * Systemic/deep mycoses * Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucormycosis, Aspergillosis, PCP * **Virology:** * RNA vs DNA viruses * Herpes, Parvovirus * Influenza, Rubella, Retrovirus * Hepatitis B (VERY IMPORTANT) * **Parasitology:** * Amoeba — Entamoeba, Acanthamoeba, Naegleria * Flagellates — Giardia, Trichomonas, Leishmania, Trypanosoma * Plasmodium * Coccidian parasites — Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora * Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes * **Bacteriology:** * Gram + cocci — Staphylococcus, Streptococcus viridans, Pneumococcus, Group A/B Streptococci * Gram - cocci — N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae * Gram + bacilli — Corynebacterium, Anthrax, Clostridium * Gram - organisms — E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio, H. influenzae * **High-Yield Infections:** * Genital ulcers — HSV, H. ducreyi, T. pallidum, Klebsiella granulomatis, Chlamydia trachomatis ## **9. Pediatrics** * **Growth & Development:** * Developmental milestones * Anthropometry, growth charts, X-ray wrist, dentition * Tanner staging & puberty * Malnutrition * Breastfeeding * **Vaccines & Neonatology:** * Vaccines — types, strains, NIS (National Immunization Schedule) * IUGR & Neonatology * Fontanelle & sutures * APGAR & Ballard score * Caput succedaneum vs Cephalhematoma * Neonatal reflexes & resuscitation * **Syndromes:** * Down, Patau, Edward, Cri-du-chat * Turner, Noonan, Rett, Fetal alcohol syndrome * **Systemic Pediatrics:** * **CVS:** Congenital heart diseases * **Infections:** TORCH profile, Hepatitis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Chickenpox * **Respiratory:** Pneumonia, Croup, Bronchiolitis, Cystic fibrosis * **CNS:** Neural tube defects, Febrile seizures, Epilepsy, Cerebral palsy, Glasgow Coma Scale * **Vasculitis:** Takayasu, Buerger, HSP, Kawasaki * **GIT & Renal:** Diarrhoea, Nephrotic vs Nephritic syndrome ## **10. Obstetrics & Gynecology (OBGYN)** ### **Obstetrics** * **Early Pregnancy:** * Signs to diagnose pregnancy * Preconceptional care — supplementations & vaccinations * Parity index * Teratogens & associated defects * Trimester-wise screenings * Leopold maneuvers * **High-Yield Conditions:** * Cervical insufficiency — types of cerclage * APLA (Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome) * Ectopic pregnancy — expectant, medical & surgical management * Molar pregnancy — partial vs complete * **Placenta & Amniotic Fluid:** * Placental abnormalities * Amniotic fluid abnormalities * Placenta previa vs placental abruption * PAS (Placenta Accreta Spectrum) * **Multiple Pregnancy:** * Multiple pregnancy mechanics * MCDA vs DCDA (USG evaluation) * TTTS (Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome) * **Medical Disorders in Pregnancy:** * Hypertension in pregnancy * Preeclampsia & eclampsia — management * HELLP syndrome * Diabetes in pregnancy * **Labor & Delivery:** * Modified Bishop score * Active management of third stage of labor * Breech presentation — management * Lovset & Burns Marshall maneuvers * Shoulder dystocia — HELPERR algorithm * Postpartum hemorrhage — EMOTIVE protocol ### **Gynecology** * **Menstrual Disorders:** * Mullerian anomalies * Primary vs Secondary amenorrhea * Abnormal uterine bleeding — FIGO classification * **Uterine Conditions:** * Adenomyosis * Fibroids * Endometriosis — management * Endometrial hyperplasia * **High-Yield Clinicals:** * Vaginal infections * Ovarian cysts & tumors * Cervical cancer — screening & diagnosis * HPV vaccination * PCOS * Contraception