*Shalakya Tantra definition* *Netra Roga* Samanya Nidan Samprapti Purvarupa Samanya Chikitsa Drishti definition Dvitiya Patalagata Timira Tritiya Patalagata Timira Kriyakalpa definition Kriyakalpa types/ bheda (5 or 7) Bidalaka definition Seka definition Pindi definition Ascyotana definition Samyak Tarpana Lakshan Tarpana Ayoga/Hinayoga lakshana Tarpana atiyoga lakshana *Shiro-Karna-Nasa- Mukha Nidan* Shiroraga Nidan Mukharoga Nidan give sloka with meaning
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SHALAKYA TANTRA - Complete Study Notes
1. SHALAKYA TANTRA - Definition
Etymology: The word "Shalakya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Shalaka" meaning a probe or rod-like instrument. Tantra means a system or specialized branch.
"Shalakayam Pravartatae Iti Shalakya Tantram" "That which is dealt with using a Shalaka (probe/instrument) is called Shalakya Tantra."
Definition: Shalakya Tantra is that special branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda (eight branches of Ayurveda) which deals with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases of the organs situated above the clavicle (Jatrukasthi/supraclavicular region) - i.e., Eyes (Netra), Ears (Karna), Nose (Nasa), Throat/Mouth (Mukha), Head (Shira), Teeth (Danta), Tongue (Jihva), Lips (Oshtha), Palate (Taalu), etc.
It is also known as "Urdhwanga Chikitsa" (treatment of upper parts of the body). Four out of five Pancha Gyanendriyas (sense organs) are covered under this branch, making it extremely important.
Reference: Acharya Sushruta (Sutrasthana) classifies Shalakya Tantra as one of the Ashtanga Ayurveda disciplines dealing with Urdhwajatrugata Rogas.
2. NETRA ROGA (Eye Diseases)
Samanya Nidan (General Causative Factors)
The Nidana (etiological factors) for Netra Rogas as per Sushruta Samhita (Su.Su. 24/4) are classified under Sapta Vidha Vyadi Upanipata (seven modes of disease manifestation):
| # | Causative Factor | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Doorekshanat | Prolonged gazing at distant objects |
| 2 | Ushnabhitaptasya Jalepraveshat | Entering cold water immediately after exposure to heat |
| 3 | Swapna Viparyayat | Disturbed or improper sleep |
| 4 | Kopa, Shoka, Klesha | Anger, grief, mental stress |
| 5 | Abhighata | Trauma/injury to the eye |
| 6 | Vegavarodha | Suppression of natural urges |
| 7 | Chardi Nigraha | Suppressing vomiting reflex |
| 8 | Dhooma Nisevana | Exposure to smoke/smoking |
| 9 | Sukshma Nirikshanat | Continuously observing minute objects |
| 10 | Ati Ushna, Katu, Kshara Ahara Sevana | Excess intake of hot, pungent, alkaline foods |
| 11 | Atirodana | Excessive weeping |
| 12 | Aatapa Sevana | Excessive sun exposure |
| 13 | Ambukreeda | Playing/remaining in water for too long |
Adibala pravritta (hereditary/congenital): Defects in Shukra and Shonita, Kulaja (hereditary) disorders like Nakthandhya (night blindness), Jathyanda (congenital blindness).
Samprapti (Pathogenesis)
The general Samprapti of Netra Roga proceeds as follows:
- Nidana Sevana (exposure to causative factors)
- Dosha Prakopa - Vitiation/aggravation of Vata, Pitta, or Kapha (or combined) at their primary sites
- Dosha Sanchara - The vitiated Doshas circulate through the Roopavaha Siras (vessels carrying visual impulses) of the eye
- Dosha Sthana - They lodge in the respective Patalas (layers) of the Drishti (eye)
- Dhatu Dushti - Vitiation of Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda Dhatus of the eye structures (Vartma mandala, Sandhi mandala, Pakshma mandala, Shukla mandala, Krishna mandala)
- Roga Utpatti - Manifestation of disease depending on the Patala involved and the Dosha predominant
Dosha-Dushya Sammurchhana: Vitiated Doshas interact with eye Dhatus and obstruct nutritional channels, leading to functional impairment (Avyakta Darshana - blurred vision) progressing to structural damage.
Purvarupa (Prodromal Symptoms)
No specific Purvarupa are mentioned for individual Netra Rogas in the classical texts. The following Samanya (general) Purvarupas apply:
- Guruta - Heaviness of the eyes
- Vihanyamana Rupa - Occasional blurring of vision
- Paripluta - Watering of eyes
- Toda - Pricking sensation
- Daha - Burning sensation
- Kandu - Itching
- Upadeha - Sticky secretion from eyes
These are general prodromal symptoms; specific Purvarupa is considered "Avyakta" (undefined/unclear).
Samanya Chikitsa (General Treatment) of Netra Roga
- Nidana Parivarjana - Avoiding the causative factors (avoiding excessive screen time, sun exposure, smoke, disturbed sleep, etc.)
- Ahara - Vitamin A-rich diet, fish, flaxseeds, citrus fruits, adequate hydration; avoid ushna/katu/kshara foods
- Netra Tarpana - Nourishing therapy using medicated ghrita over the eyes to alleviate dryness and improve vision
- Netra Basti - Reservoir of flour dough created around the eye, filled with medicated oil/ghrita
- Netra Dhara - Pouring medicated liquid over the closed eyes
- Nasya Karma - Administration of medicated drugs through nostrils; effective for Urdhwajatrugata Rogas
- Virechana - Purgation therapy to eliminate vitiated Doshas systemically
- Kriyakalpa - Local ocular therapeutic procedures (Tarpana, Putapaka, Seka, Aschyotana, Anjana, Pindi, Bidalaka)
- Herbal supplements - Triphala, Amla (Amalaki), Haridra (turmeric) for general eye health
3. DRISHTI - Definition
Etymology: The word "Drishti" is derived from:
"Drish" Dhatu + "Ktin" Pratyaya = Drishti Meaning: "The process/instrument by which we see."
Definitions as per different Acharyas:
| Interpretation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Drishti = Retina | Explains diseases like Pitta Vidagdha Drishti, Dhumdarshi |
| Drishti = Vision | The act or capacity of seeing |
| Drishti Mandala = Pupil | The circular aperture of the iris |
| Drishti Mani = Crystalline Lens | The transparent biconvex structure |
| Drishti = Functional unit of the eye | Composed of all essential Dhatus of the eyeball |
Comprehensive definition: Drishti is the functional unit of the eye responsible for vision. It is not merely an anatomical structure but a composition of all essential Dhatus (tissues) of the internal eyeball, predominantly influenced by Teja Mahabhuta in the form of Alochaka Pitta.
There are Six Netra Patalas (layers) described in Ayurvedic classics, correlating with different layers of the modern eye in ophthalmology.
4. PATALAGATA TIMIRA
Timira = Cataract/visual impairment. The word Timira means "darkness" (Halayudha Kosha: whose enemy is the Sun). It is caused by vitiated Doshas lodging in the Patalas of the Drishti.
"Timi + Kirach pratyaya = Timira" (Unadi Sutra) - that which causes darkness of vision.
Classification: Timira is classified based on Patala involvement. When Doshas involve 1st and 2nd Patala = Timira; 3rd Patala = Kacha (Immature cataract); 4th Patala = Linganasha (Mature/complete blindness).
Dvitiya Patalagata Timira (2nd Patala Timira)
Sloka (Su.U. 7):
"Dwitiye tu viparyastam drishtam cha samasam smritam"
Lakshanas (Symptoms) - Second Patala Involvement:
The vision becomes hazier than the first Patala stage. The patient perceives objects that are not present (Asatpadarthabhasa):
| Symptom | Modern Correlation |
|---|---|
| Sees Makshika, Matsya, Kesha (flies, fish, hair) | Floaters (Muscae volitantes) |
| Sees Jala, Megha (water, clouds) | Metamorphopsia |
| Sees bright dots like stars, lightning | Photopsia |
| Objects kept near appear far; far objects appear near | Loss of depth perception |
| Unable to thread a needle (Suchi vyadhana ashakyata) | Presbyopia |
| Sees parts of a face as incomplete | Scotoma (field defects) |
| Objects appear as if bifurcated/doubled | Diplopia |
Modern correlation: 2nd Patalagata Timira corresponds to early/intermediate vitreoretinal disorders, vitreous floaters, and retinal changes.
Tritiya Patalagata Timira (3rd Patala Timira = KACHA)
Sloka (Su.U. 7):
"Trite raga prapthi - vividhavarnabhasa" "In the third Patala, different colors are perceived corresponding to the Dosha involved."
Lakshanas (Symptoms) - Third Patala Involvement:
This stage is called "Kacha" (immature/mature cataract). The patient perceives different colors based on the predominant Dosha:
| Dosha Involved | Color Perceived | Modern Correlation |
|---|---|---|
| Vataja | Reddish-black (Rakta-Krishna varna) | Nuclear/cortical cataract changes |
| Pittaja | Yellow or blue (Peeta/Nila varna) | Yellow nuclear sclerosis |
| Kaphaja | White (Shukla varna) | White mature cataract |
| Raktaja | Red (Rakta varna) | Hemorrhagic/vascular changes |
| Sannipataja | Multiple colors (Nana varna) | Mixed/complicated cataract |
Additional features:
- Vision severely impaired
- Counting fingers possible but reading/fine work impossible
- Progresses to 4th Patala = Linganasha (complete loss of light perception/total blindness)
Modern correlation: 3rd Patalagata Timira corresponds to mature/hypermature cataract and vitreous opacification. Kacha = Cataract.
5. KRIYAKALPA
Definition
"Kriya cha Kalpa cha Kriyakalpa"
- Kriya = Therapeutic procedures carried out to cure disease
- Kalpa = The specific medicine/formulation selected for that disease; the practicable/prescribed rule
Kriyakalpa is the specific local therapeutic procedure for Netra Rogas (eye diseases) in Shalakya Tantra. It is a type of Bahyaparimarjana Chikitsa (external cleansing/therapeutic treatment).
Just as Panchakarma is the foundation of treatment in Kayachikitsa (general medicine), Netra Kriyakalpa is the foundation of treatment in Netra Chikitsa (ophthalmology).
Acharya Bhavaprakasha terms these karmas as "Netra Svachikarana Kriya" (procedures for cleansing and maintaining the eyes).
Types/Bheda of Kriyakalpa
According to Acharya Sushruta (5 types):
- Tarpana
- Putapaka
- Seka
- Aschyotana
- Anjana
According to Acharya Vagbhata / Sharangdhara (7 types):
- Tarpana
- Putapaka
- Seka
- Aschyotana
- Anjana
- Pindi
- Bidalaka
Note: Acharya Sushruta does not separately mention Pindi and Bidalaka. Acharya Sharangdhara added these and described all seven as "Netra Prasadan Karma" (procedures maintaining proper eye function without side effects).
6. INDIVIDUAL KRIYAKALPA DEFINITIONS
(a) Bidalaka - Definition
Etymology: "Bida" (Cat) + "Alaka" (Eyes) = After application, the eyes resemble a cat's eyes in appearance.
Definition: Bidalaka is the application of medicated paste over the outer surface of the closed eyelids, leaving the eyelashes free. It is a type of Lepa Kalpana (paste application).
Key features:
- Paste is applied on the outside of closed eyelids (not inside/conjunctival sac)
- Eyelashes are left free (not covered)
- Acts through absorption via Siramukha and Swedavahi Srotas
- Bhrajaka Pitta causes absorption of active principles into deeper tissues
Indications:
- Daha (burning sensation)
- Updeha (sticky discharge)
- Ashrusrava (watering)
- Shopha (swelling/inflammation)
- Raga (redness)
- Kandu (itching)
- Gharshana (foreign body sensation)
- Arma (pterygium)
- Pitta Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis)
- Paka (suppuration)
- Tarunanetraroga (acute eye conditions)
(b) Seka - Definition
Definition: Seka is the procedure of continuously pouring/streaming a stream of medicated liquid medicine over the closed eyes from a specific height for a specific duration.
"Dhara prakarana sekha" - pouring of medicated liquid over the affected part in a continuous stream.
Key features:
- Liquid medicine poured in a continuous, uninterrupted stream
- Poured from a height of approximately 2 Angula (finger-breadths) above the eye
- Indicated in diseases manifested in severe form (Uttama bala roga)
- Duration and formulation vary based on Dosha predominance
- More effective for acute inflammatory conditions
Indications: Severe burning, pain, redness, inflammation; acute inflammatory eye conditions.
(c) Pindi - Definition
Definition: Pindi is a modification of Bidalaka where instead of directly applying the medicinal paste to the eyelid, the paste is packed inside a thick cloth (cotton cloth) and kept tightly pressed over the closed eyelids.
"Vastravesthita pinda dharana = Pindi" - The cloth-bound bolus kept over the eyes.
Key features:
- Like a medicated poultice/bolus tied in cloth
- The cloth pad is soaked in/packed with medicinal paste
- Kept pressed over closed eyelids for the required duration
- Gentler than direct Bidalaka application
- Used when direct paste application may cause irritation
(d) Aschyotana (Ascyotana) - Definition
Definition: Aschyotana is the instillation of medicated drops into the eyes (eye drops). It is the first-line treatment among Kriyakalpas.
"Aushadha bindu patana aschyotana" - Dropping medicinal bindu (drops) into the eyes.
Key features:
- The most commonly used and first treatment among all Kriyakalpas
- Drops are instilled from a height of approximately 2 Angula above the eye
- Number of drops: approximately 10 bindu (drops) per administration
- Duration and formulation tailored to the aggravated Dosha
- Both liquid medicines and oils can be used
- Less invasive; suitable for mild to moderate conditions
Indications: Redness, watering, mild pain, itching, discharge; suitable for almost all Netra Rogas as initial treatment.
7. TARPANA (Akshi Tarpana)
Definition
Tarpana is the procedure in which medicated Ghrita (clarified butter/ghee) is retained over the eyes (within a flour dough boundary) for a specific period. It nourishes and strengthens the eyes. Also called "Netra Basti."
"Tarpayati netra iti Tarpana" - That which satisfies/nourishes the eye.
Samyak (Proper/Correct) Tarpana Lakshanas (Signs of Proper Tarpana)
Signs indicating that Tarpana has been correctly performed and the eye has been adequately nourished:
- Laghuta - Lightness/relief in the eyes
- Praharsha - Cheerfulness/comfort of the eyes
- Tejas - Increased brightness/clarity of vision
- Drishti Prasada - Clarity and improved visual acuity
- Sweda - Mild perspiration around the eyes
- Vikasita Akshi - Eyes appear well-opened and fresh
- Dosha Shamana - Relief from the presenting symptoms (burning, pain, dryness, itching)
- Vayu Nigraha - Control of Vata in the eye region
Tarpana Hinayoga (Under-dose/Deficient) Lakshanas
Signs indicating that Tarpana was performed for insufficient time or with insufficient quantity:
- Ashuddha Netra - Eyes not properly cleansed
- Guruta - Heaviness of the eye persists
- Toda - Pricking/stabbing pain continues
- Kandu - Itching remains
- Ruksha - Dryness of eyes persists
- Avila Drishti - Vision remains turbid/blurred
- No relief from the presenting complaints
Tarpana Atiyoga (Over-dose/Excess) Lakshanas
Signs indicating that Tarpana was performed for excessive duration or with excessive quantity:
- Angamarda - Body ache/malaise
- Shiroguruta - Heaviness of the head
- Jwara - Fever
- Arochaka - Anorexia/loss of appetite
- Chardi - Nausea/vomiting
- Netra Shopha - Swelling/edema of the eyelids
- Netra Raga - Excessive redness of eyes
- Kapha Vikara - Kapha-related disorders (excessive lacrimation, discharge)
- Drishti Avila - Vision becomes more blurred (paradoxical worsening)
8. SHIRO-KARNA-NASA-MUKHA NIDAN
Shiroroga Nidan (Causative Factors of Head Diseases)
Shira (head) is called "Uttamanga" - the most important/superior organ. It is one of the Dashavidha Pranaytanas (ten seats of vital life force) and contains vital Marmas. All Gyanendriyas (sense organs) and Pranvaha Srotas are dependent on the Shira.
Causative Factors of Shiroroga (Su.U. 26 / A.H.U. 24):
| Nidana | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Baashpa Nigraha | Withholding strong emotions, suppressing tears |
| Atirodana | Excessive crying/weeping |
| Atisvaapna / Atiprajagara | Excessive sleep OR excessive wakefulness |
| Ati Ushna / Ati Sheeta | Excessive exposure to heat or cold |
| Shiro Abhighata | Trauma/injury to the head |
| Vegavarodha | Suppression of natural urges |
| Aatapa Sevana | Excessive sun exposure |
| Dhooma Nishevana | Excessive smoking/smoke inhalation |
| Ati Ambukreeda | Excessive water sports/being in water |
| Ushna Dravya Sevana | Intake of hot, spicy substances |
| Krodha, Shoka | Anger, grief, mental stress |
| Ati Vyavaya | Excessive sexual activity |
| Purisha Mutra Vegavarodha | Suppression of stool/urine urges |
| Shirahkampa | Head injury causing tremors |
Types of Shiroroga (11 types as per Ayurveda):
- Vataja Shiroroga (hammering headache, with anxiety, constipation)
- Pittaja Shiroroga (burning headache at temples, with acidity, nausea)
- Kaphaja Shiroroga (heaviness, mucus, dull pain)
- Sannipataja Shiroroga (combination of all three doshas)
- Raktaja Shiroroga (local vitiated blood; very painful, cannot be touched)
- Kshayaja Shiroroga (due to tissue depletion)
- Krimija Shiroroga (due to parasites/organisms)
- Suryavarta (pain increases with sunrise, peaks at noon, decreases at sunset - Migraine)
- Anantavata (muscular origin headache; neck/shoulder-related; correlates with tension headache)
- Ardhavabhedaka (cluster headache; one-sided bursts of severe pain)
- Shankhaka (violent pain in head temples; derangement of all three Doshas; life-threatening)
Mukharoga Nidan (Causative Factors of Oral/Mouth Diseases) - with Sloka and Meaning
Sloka (Sushruta Samhita, Nidana Sthana):
"Atibhojana mithyahara katu tikshna ati sevana | Divaswapna ratrijagrana vegavarodha eva cha || Ati ushna bhojana sevat asuchi dharan tat tatha | Danta mala mala sanchaya mukha roga karanam smritam ||"
Meaning: Excessive eating, improper diet, excessive intake of pungent/sharp foods, day-sleep, night-waking, suppression of natural urges, eating excessively hot food, maintaining poor oral hygiene, and accumulation of Danta Mala (dental plaque/tartar) are described as the causes of Mukharoga.
Samanya Nidana of Mukharoga:
| Nidana | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Atibhojana | Overeating |
| Mithyahara | Improper diet |
| Katu, Tikshna, Ushna Ahara | Excess pungent, sharp, hot food |
| Danta Mala Sanchaya | Accumulation of dental plaque/tartar |
| Asuchi Dharana | Improper oral hygiene |
| Vegavarodha | Suppression of natural urges |
| Divaswapna | Daytime sleep |
| Ratrijagrana | Night-waking/inadequate sleep |
| Pradushta Danta Kastha | Use of contaminated tooth-stick (datun) |
| Ati Amla Sevana | Excessive intake of sour substances |
| Abhighata | Trauma to oral cavity |
| Krimi | Oral parasites/organisms |
Types of Mukharoga mentioned in Ayurveda (total 65 diseases per Sushruta):
- Oshtha Roga (lip diseases) - 8 types
- Danta Roga (dental diseases) - 8 types
- Dantamoola Roga (gum diseases) - 15 types
- Jihva Roga (tongue diseases) - 5 types
- Taalu Roga (palate diseases) - 9 types
- Kantha Roga (throat diseases) - 17 types
- Sarvasar Roga (whole mouth) - 3 types
Quick Reference Summary Table
| Topic | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Shalakya Tantra | Branch for Urdhwajatrugata Rogas; uses Shalaka (probe); also called Urdhwanga Chikitsa |
| Netra Roga Nidana | 13+ causes: Doorekshana, Abhighata, Vegavarodha, Dhooma, Stress, dietary errors |
| Samprapti | Dosha Prakopa → Sanchara via Roopavaha Siras → Patala Lodgement → Disease |
| Purvarupa | Avyakta (non-specific): Guruta, Toda, Daha, Kandu, Vihanyamana Rupa |
| Samanya Chikitsa | Nidana Parivarjana, Ahara, Tarpana, Nasya, Virechana, Kriyakalpa |
| Drishti | Functional unit of eye; derived from "Drish+Ktin"; = Retina/Pupil/Lens/Vision |
| Dvitiya Patalagata | Floaters, photopsia, diplopia, depth perception loss, presbyopia |
| Tritiya Patalagata | Kacha; colored vision by Dosha; Vata=reddish-black, Pitta=yellow/blue, Kapha=white |
| Kriyakalpa (5) | Per Sushruta: Tarpana, Putapaka, Seka, Aschyotana, Anjana |
| Kriyakalpa (7) | Per Vagbhata/Sharangdhara: above + Pindi + Bidalaka |
| Bidalaka | Paste on outer eyelid; eye looks like cat's eyes |
| Seka | Continuous stream of liquid poured over closed eyes; for severe conditions |
| Pindi | Modification of Bidalaka; paste packed in cloth; poultice over eyelids |
| Aschyotana | Eye drops; 1st-line Kriyakalpa; ~10 drops per session |
| Samyak Tarpana | Laghuta, Tejas, Prasada, Praharsha, Vikasita Akshi |
| Hinayoga Tarpana | Guruta, Toda, Kandu, Dryness, Avila Drishti persist |
| Atiyoga Tarpana | Shopha, Raga, Fever, Vomiting, Shiroguruta, worsening vision |
| Shiroroga Nidan | 11 types; causes: Baashpa Nigraha, stress, dietary errors, suppression of urges |
| Mukharoga Nidan | 65 types; causes: Mithyahara, Danta Mala, Asuchi, Vegavarodha, Abhighata |
Sources: Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra), Ashtanga Hridayam (Uttara Sthana), Vagbhata, Sharangdhara Samhita; supplemented with peer-reviewed Ayurvedic journal literature (WJPMR, IJPRA, JBINO, NeuroQuantology).
I need sloka in Sanskrit or devnagri language with meaning pdf bna ke do
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Shalakya Tantra Slokas
PDF Document · PDF
PDF में क्या है (Contents):
| Section | Topic |
|---|---|
| 1 | Shalakya Tantra Definition — परिभाषा (Sloka + Meaning) |
| 2a | Netra Roga Samanya Nidan — सामान्य निदान (Sloka) |
| 2b | Samprapti — सम्प्राप्ति (Pathogenesis Sloka) |
| 2c | Purvarupa — पूर्वरूप (Prodromal Symptoms Sloka) |
| 2d | Samanya Chikitsa — सामान्य चिकित्सा (Sloka) |
| 3 | Drishti Definition — दृष्टि परिभाषा (Sloka) |
| 4 | Dvitiya + Tritiya Patalagata Timira (Slokas with modern correlation) |
| 5 | Kriyakalpa Definition + 5/7 Types (Slokas) |
| 6a-6d | Bidalaka, Seka, Pindi, Aschyotana — Definitions (Slokas) |
| 7 | Tarpana — Samyak / Hinayoga / Atiyoga Lakshana (Slokas) |
| 8 | Shiroroga Nidan + 11 types table |
| 9 | Mukharoga Nidan — मुखरोग निदान (Full Sloka + Meaning + 65 types table) |
Features:
- देवनागरी (Devanagari) script in every sloka
- Roman transliteration
- English meaning with bold key terms
- Reference (Sushruta/Vagbhata chapter) with every sloka
- Color-coded sections, clean boxes for each sloka
This sloka is not right correct it in Sanskrit and give pdf with meaning
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Sushruta Samhita Uttara Tantra exact sloka Netra Roga Nidan Sanskrit original text Kriyakalpa Tarpana samyak lakshana
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